ABSTRACT
Recently, various cancer types have been identified to express a distinct subset of Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that mediate therapy resistance. The mechanism through which cancer cells maintain prolonged Interferon stimulation effects to coordinate resistance remains unclear. Our research demonstrated that aberrant upregulation of TAGLN2 is associated with gastric cancer progression, and inhibiting its expression renders gastric cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy and radiation. We uncovered a novel role for TAGLN2 in the upregulation of resistance signature ISGs by enhancing YBX1-associated ssDNA aggregation and cGAS-STING pathway activation. TAGLN2 modulates YBX1 by recruiting c-Myc and SOX9 to YBX1 promoter region and directly interacting with AKT-YBX1, thereby enhancing YBX1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Significantly, targeted downregulation of key proteins, inhibition of the TAGLN2-YBX1-AKT interaction (using Fisetin or MK2206) or disruption of the cGAS-STING pathway substantially reduced ssDNA accumulation, subsequent ISGs upregulation, and therapy resistance. The combination of Cisplatin with MK2206 displayed a synergistic effect in the higher TAGLN2-expressing xenograft tumors. Clinical analysis indicated that a derived nine-gene set effectively predicts therapeutic sensitivity and long-term prognosis in gastric cancer patients. These findings suggest that TAGLN2, YBX1 and induced ISGs are novel predictive markers for clinical outcomes, and targeting this axis is an attractive therapeutic sensitization strategy.
Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Signal Transduction , Stomach Neoplasms , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology , Mice, Nude , Interferons/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Microfilament Proteins/metabolism , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism , Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics , Female , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , MaleABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-stranded RNA virus that mainly causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently we confirmed m5C modifications within NS5A gene of HCV RNA genome. However, the roles of the m5C modification and its interaction with host proteins in regulating HCV's life cycle, remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that HCV infection enhances the expression of the host m5C reader YBX1 through the transcription factor MAX. YBX1 acts as an m5C reader, recognizing the m5C-modified NS5A C7525 site in the HCV RNA genome and significantly enhancing HCV RNA stability. This m5C-modification is also required for YBX1 colocalization with lipid droplets and HCV Core protein. Moreover, YBX1 facilitates HCV RNA replication, as well as viral assembly/budding. The tryptophan residue at position 65 (W65) of YBX1 is critical for these functions. Knockout of YBX1 or the application of YBX1 inhibitor SU056 suppresses HCV RNA replication and viral protein translation. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the interaction between host m5C reader YBX1 and HCV RNA m5C methylation facilitates viral replication. Therefore, hepatic-YBX1 knockdown holds promise as a potential host-directed strategy for HCV therapy.
Subject(s)
Hepacivirus , RNA, Viral , Virus Replication , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Hepacivirus/physiology , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Humans , Virus Replication/drug effects , RNA, Viral/metabolism , RNA, Viral/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , RNA Replication , RNA-Dependent RNA PolymeraseABSTRACT
Rationale: Current treatments for ocular angiogenesis primarily focus on blocking the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but unfavorable side effects and unsatisfactory efficacy remain issues. The identification of novel targets for anti-angiogenic treatment is still needed. Methods: We investigated the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis using endothelial cells, a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, and an oxygen-induced retinopathy model. CCK-8 assays, EdU assays, transwell assays, and matrigel assays were performed to assess the role of tsRNA-1599 in endothelial cells. Retinal digestion assays, Isolectin B4 (IB4) staining, and choroidal sprouting assays were conducted to evaluate the role of tsRNA-1599 in ocular angiogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis, metabolic analysis, RNA pull-down assays, and mass spectrometry were utilized to elucidate the mechanism underlying angiogenic effects mediated by tsRNA-1599. Results: tsRNA-1599 expression was up-regulated in experimental ocular angiogenesis models and endothelial cells in response to angiogenic stress. Silencing of tsRNA-1599 suppressed angiogenic effects in endothelial cells in vitro and inhibited pathological ocular angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, tsRNA-1599 exhibited little effect on VEGF signaling but could cause reduced glycolysis and NAD+/NADH production in endothelial cells by regulating the expression of HK2 gene through interacting with YBX1, thus affecting endothelial effects. Conclusions: Targeting glycolytic reprogramming of endothelial cells by a tRNA-derived small RNA represents an exploitable therapeutic approach for ocular neovascular diseases.
Subject(s)
Choroidal Neovascularization , Endothelial Cells , Glycolysis , Animals , Glycolysis/drug effects , Mice , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Choroidal Neovascularization/metabolism , Humans , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hexokinase/metabolism , Hexokinase/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Male , Disease Models, Animal , Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy , Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism , Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics , RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) mediates mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) in mammals. H3K4me1 mark is involved in establishing an active chromatin structure to promote gene transcription. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 mark modulates gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression is unresolved. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recognized Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) as a "reader" of the H3K4me1 mark, and a point mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupted this interaction. We found that KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promoted cell growth and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of KMT2D and YBX1 were both upregulated in tumour tissues and correlated with poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. Combined analyses of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data indicated that YBX1 was co-localized with KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 in the promoter regions of c-Myc and SENP1, thereby activating their expressions in TNBC cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that YBX1 activated the expressions of c-Myc and SENP1 in a KMT2D-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1 recruits YBX1 to facilitate TNBC progression through epigenetic activation of c-Myc and SENP1. These results together unveil a crucial interplay between histone mark and gene regulation in TNBC progression, thus providing novel insights into targeting the KMT2D-H3K4me1-YBX1 axis for TNBC treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: YBX1 is a KMT2D-mediated H3K4me1-binding effector protein and mutation of YBX1 (E121A) disrupts its binding to H3K4me1. KMT2D and YBX1 cooperatively promote TNBC proliferation and metastasis by activating c-Myc and SENP1 expression in vitro and in vivo. YBX1 is colocalized with H3K4me1 in the c-Myc and SENP1 promoter regions in TNBC cells and increased YBX1 expression predicts a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Subject(s)
Epigenesis, Genetic , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Female , Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics , Animals , Disease Progression , Mice , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Histones/metabolism , Histones/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Lysine/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The vast majority of lncRNAs have low expression abundance, which greatly limits their functional range and impact. As a high expression abundance lncRNA, FGD5-AS1's non-ceRNA biological function in cancer is unclear. METHODS: RNA-seq studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) assays were performed to identify ZEB1-regulated lncRNAs. RNA sequencing, RNA pulldown, RNA Immunoprecipitation assays, and rescue assays were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of FGD5-AS1 in GC. RESULTS: As one of the most abundant lncRNAs in cells, FGD5-AS1 has been shown to be transcriptionally activated by ZEB1, thus closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. Clinical analysis showed that FGD5-AS1 overexpression was clinically associated with lymph node metastasis, and predicted poor survival in GC. Loss-of-function studies confirmed that FGD5-AS1 knockdown inhibited GC proliferation and induced cisplatin chemosensibility, cell senescence, and DNA damage in GC cells. Mechanismically, FGD5-AS1 is a YBX1-binding lncRNA due to its mRNA contains three adjacent structural motifs (UAAUCCCA, ACCAGCCU, and CAGUGAGC) that can be recognized and bound by YBX1. And this RNA-protein interaction prolonged the half-life of the YBX1 protein in GC. Additionally, a rescue assay showed that FGD5-AS1 promotes GC by repressing cell senescence and ROS production via YBX1. CONCLUSION: FGD5-AS1 is a cellular high-abundant lncRNA that is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1. FGD5-AS1 overexpression promoted GC progression by inhibiting cell senescence and ROS production through binding and stabilizing the YBX1 protein.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Cellular Senescence , RNA, Long Noncoding , Reactive Oxygen Species , Stomach Neoplasms , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Mice , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Male , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsABSTRACT
Platinum-based chemotherapy causes genetic damage and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Enhancing the ability to resist platinum drug-induced DNA damage and apoptotic stress is critical for tumor cells to acquire drug resistance. Here, we found that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and was a crucial gene for alleviating platinum-induced stress and maintaining drug resistance characteristics in ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, YBX1 recognized m5C modifications in CHD3 mRNA and maintained mRNA stability by recruiting PABPC1 protein. This regulatory process enhanced chromatin accessibility and improved the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) repair, facilitating tumor cells to withstand platinum-induced apoptotic stress. In addition, SU056, an inhibitor of YBX1, exhibited the potential to reverse platinum resistance in subcutaneous and PDO orthotopic xenograft models. In conclusion, YBX1 is critical for ovarian cancer cells to alleviate the platinum-induced stress and may be a potential target for reversing drug-resistant therapies.
Subject(s)
Cisplatin , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Ovarian Neoplasms , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Female , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Animals , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Homologous Recombination/drug effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , DNA Helicases/genetics , DNA Helicases/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , DNA Damage/drug effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: RNA m5C methylation has been extensively implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. As the main methyltransferase, NSUN2 plays a crucial regulatory role across diverse tumor types. However, the precise impact of NSUN2-mediated m5C modification on breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying how NSUN2 regulates the target gene HGH1 (also known as FAM203) through m5C modification, thereby promoting BC progression. Additionally, this study targets at preliminarily clarifying the biological roles of NSUN2 and HGH1 in BC. METHODS: Tumor and adjacent tissues from 5 BC patients were collected, and the m5C modification target HGH1 in BC was screened through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-base resolution m5C methylation sequencing (RNA-BisSeq). Methylation RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-qPCR (RIP-qPCR) confirmed that the methylation molecules NSUN2 and YBX1 specifically recognized and bound to HGH1 through m5C modification. In addition, proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), and Ribosome sequencing (Ribo-Seq) were used to explore the biological role of HGH1 in BC. RESULTS: As the main m5C methylation molecule, NSUN2 is abnormally overexpressed in BC and increases the overall level of RNA m5C. Knocking down NSUN2 can inhibit BC progression in vitro or in vivo. Combined RNA-seq and RNA-BisSeq analysis identified HGH1 as a potential target of abnormal m5C modifications. We clarified the mechanism by which NSUN2 regulates HGH1 expression through m5C modification, a process that involves interactions with the YBX1 protein, which collectively impacts mRNA stability and protein synthesis. Furthermore, this study is the first to reveal the binding interaction between HGH1 and the translation elongation factor EEF2, providing a comprehensive understanding of its ability to regulate transcript translation efficiency and protein synthesis in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study preliminarily clarifies the regulatory role of the NSUN2-YBX1-m5C-HGH1 axis from post-transcriptional modification to protein translation, revealing the key role of abnormal RNA m5C modification in BC and suggesting that HGH1 may be a new epigenetic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BC.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Methyltransferases , RNA Stability , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Methylation , Methyltransferases/metabolism , Methyltransferases/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
The 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome, which contains a highly conserved 3' region named the 3'X-tail, plays an essential role in RNA replication and promotes viral IRES-dependent translation. Although our previous work has found a cis-acting element for genome encapsidation within 3'X, there is limited information on the involvement of the 3'UTR in particle formation. In this study, proteomic analyses identified host cell proteins that bind to the 3'UTR containing the 3'X region but not to the sequence lacking the 3'X. Further characterization showed that RNA-binding proteins, ribosomal protein L17 (RPL17), and Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) facilitate the efficient production of infectious HCV particles in the virus infection cells. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing in four assays that distinguish between the various stages of the HCV life cycle, RPL17 and YBX1 were found to be most important for particle assembly in the trans-packaging assay with replication-defective subgenomic RNA. In vitro assays showed that RPL17 and YBX1 bind to the 3'UTR RNA and deletion of the 3'X region attenuates their interaction. Knockdown of RPL17 or YBX1 resulted in reducing the amount of HCV RNA co-precipitating with the viral Core protein by RNA immunoprecipitation and increasing the relative distance in space between Core and double-stranded RNA by confocal imaging, suggesting that RPL17 and YBX1 potentially affect HCV RNA-Core interaction, leading to efficient nucleocapsid assembly. These host factors provide new clues to understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate HCV particle formation. IMPORTANCE: Although basic research on the HCV life cycle has progressed significantly over the past two decades, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the process of particle formation, in particular encapsidation of the genome or nucleocapsid assembly, has been limited. We present here, for the first time, that two RNA-binding proteins, RPL17 and YBX1, bind to the 3'X in the 3'UTR of the HCV genome, which potentially acts as a packaging signal, and facilitates the viral particle assembly. Our study revealed that RPL17 and YBX1 exert a positive effect on the interaction between HCV RNA and Core protein, suggesting that the presence of both host factors modulate an RNA structure or conformation suitable for packaging the viral genome. These findings help us to elucidate not only the regulatory mechanism of the particle assembly of HCV but also the function of host RNA-binding proteins during viral infection.
Subject(s)
3' Untranslated Regions , Genome, Viral , Hepacivirus , RNA, Viral , Ribosomal Proteins , Virus Assembly , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepacivirus/physiology , Hepacivirus/metabolism , Humans , Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism , Ribosomal Proteins/genetics , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Virus Assembly/genetics , RNA, Viral/metabolism , RNA, Viral/genetics , Virus Replication , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Proteomics/methodsABSTRACT
Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a proto-oncogenic protein associated with protein translation regulation. It plays a crucial role in the development and progression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we describe a promising approach to inhibit YB-1 using SU056, a small-molecule inhibitor. SU056 physically interacts with YB-1 and reduces its expression, which helps to restrain the progression of TNBC. Proteome profiling analysis indicates that the inhibition of YB-1 by SU056 can alter the proteins that regulate protein translation, an essential process for cancer cell growth. Preclinical studies on human cells, mice, and patient-derived xenograft tumor models show the effectiveness of SU056. Moreover, toxicological studies have shown that SU056 treatment and dosing are well tolerated without any adverse effects. Overall, our study provides a strong foundation for the further development of SU056 as a potential treatment option for patients with TNBC by targeting YB-1.
Subject(s)
Protein Biosynthesis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Animals , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Female , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice , Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Mice, NudeABSTRACT
AIMS: Ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (USP5), a member of deubiquitinating enzymes, has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in cancer progression. This study aims to explore the role of USP5 and its potential molecular mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). MAIN METHODS: To explore the effect of USP5 on CCA, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays were conducted in human CCA cell lines RBE and HCCC9810. The CCK8, colony-forming assay, EDU, flow cytometry, transwell assay and xenografts were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenesis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the expression of related proteins. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were applied to identify the interaction between USP5 and Y box-binding protein 1 (YBX1). Ubiquitination assays and cycloheximide chase assays were carried out to confirm the effect of USP5 on YBX1. KEY FINDINGS: We found USP5 is highly expressed in CCA tissues, and upregulated USP5 is required for the cancer progression. Knockdown of USP5 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, along with suppressed xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, USP5 could interact with YBX1 and stabilize YBX1 by deubiquitination in CCA cells. Additionally, silencing of USP5 hindered the phosphorylation of YBX1 at serine 102 and its subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Notably, the effect induced by USP5 overexpression in CCA cells was reversed by YBX1 silencing. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings reveal that USP5 is required for cell proliferation, migration and EMT in CCA by stabilizing YBX1, suggesting USP5-YBX1 axis as a promising therapeutic target for CCA.
Subject(s)
Bile Duct Neoplasms , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cholangiocarcinoma , Disease Progression , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Mice, Nude , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics , Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism , Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology , Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism , Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics , Animals , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Ubiquitination , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Male , Endopeptidases/metabolism , Endopeptidases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , FemaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation is a characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). Microglia have been reported to participate in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of microglia released exosome (EXO) contribute to communication within AD microenvironment remains obscure. METHODS: The interaction between microglia and AD was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-223 and YB-1. The association between microglia derived exosomal YB-1/miR-223 axis and nerve cell damage were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA and wound healing assay. RESULTS: Here, we reported AD model was responsible for the M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of microglia which in turn induced nerve cell damage. While M2-like (anti-inflammatory) microglia could release miR-223-enriched EXO which reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated nerve damage in AD model in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YB-1 directly interacted with miR-223 both in cell and EXO, and participated in microglia exosomal miR-223 loading. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that anti-inflammatory microglia-mediated neuroprotection form inflammatory damage involves exporting miR-223 via EXO sorted by YB-1. Consequently, YB-1-mediated microglia exosomal sorting of miR-223 improved the nerve cell damage repair, representing a promising therapeutic target for AD.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Cognition , Exosomes , MicroRNAs , Microglia , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Base Sequence , Disease Models, Animal , Exosomes/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microglia/metabolism , Microglia/pathology , MicroRNAs/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Transcription Factors , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolismABSTRACT
Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is involved in the regulation of cell-cell junctions between endothelial cells (ECs). Here we identify the ZO-1 protein interactome and uncover ZO-1 interactions with RNA-binding proteins that are part of stress granules (SGs). Downregulation of ZO-1 increased SG formation in response to stress and protected ECs from cellular insults. The ZO-1 interactome uncovered an association between ZO-1 and Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1), a constituent of SGs. Arsenite treatment of ECs decreased the interaction between ZO-1 and YB-1, and drove SG assembly. YB-1 expression is essential for SG formation and for the cytoprotective effects induced by ZO-1 downregulation. In the developing retinal vascular plexus of newborn mice, ECs at the front of growing vessels express less ZO-1 but display more YB-1-positive granules than ECs located in the vascular plexus. Endothelial-specific deletion of ZO-1 in mice at post-natal day 7 markedly increased the presence of YB-1-positive granules in ECs of retinal blood vessels, altered tip EC morphology and vascular patterning, resulting in aberrant endothelial proliferation, and arrest in the expansion of the retinal vasculature. Our findings suggest that, through its interaction with YB-1, ZO-1 controls SG formation and the response of ECs to stress during angiogenesis.
Subject(s)
Endothelial Cells , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Zonula Occludens-1 Protein , Animals , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/metabolism , Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/genetics , Mice , Humans , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Stress Granules/metabolism , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Retinal Vessels/metabolism , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Angiogenesis , Transcription FactorsABSTRACT
Background: The Y-box-binding proteins (YBX) act as a multifunctional role in tumor progression, metastasis, drug resistance by regulating the transcription and translation process. Nevertheless, their functions in a pan-cancer setting remain unclear. Methods: This study examined the clinical features expression, prognostic value, mutations, along with methylation patterns of three genes from the YBX family (YBX1, YBX2, and YBX3) in 28 different types of cancer. Data used for analysis were obtained from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. A novel YBXs score was created using the ssGSEA algorithm for the single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Additionally, we explored the YBXs score's association with the tumor microenvironment (TME), response to various treatments, and drug resistance. Results: Our analysis revealed that YBX family genes contribute to tumor progression and are indicative of prognosis in diverse cancer types. We determined that the YBXs score correlates significantly with numerous malignant pathways in pan-cancer. Moreover, this score is also linked with multiple immune-related characteristics. The YBXs score proved to be an effective predictor for the efficacy of a range of treatments in various cancers, particularly immunotherapy. To summarize, the involvement of YBX family genes is vital in pan-cancer and exhibits a significant association with TME. An elevated YBXs score indicates an immune-activated TME and responsiveness to diverse therapies, highlighting its potential as a biomarker in individuals with tumors. Finally, experimental validations were conducted to explore that YBX2 might be a potential biomarker in liver cancer. Conclusion: The creation of YBXs score in our study offered new insights into further studies. Besides, YBX2 was found as a potential therapeutic target, significantly contributing to the improvement of HCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Liver Neoplasms , Tumor Microenvironment , Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tumor Microenvironment/genetics , Tumor Microenvironment/immunology , Prognosis , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Mutation , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA MethylationABSTRACT
Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects many adult women less than 40 years of age and leads to infertility. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSCs-sEVs) are attractive candidates for ovarian function restoration and folliculogenesis for POF due to their safety and efficacy, however, the key mediator in MSCs-sEVs that modulates this response and underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Herein, we reported that YB-1 protein was markedly downregulated in vitro and in vivo models of POF induced with H2O2 and CTX respectively, accompanied by granulosa cells (GCs) senescence phenotype. Notably, BMSCs-sEVs transplantation upregulated YB-1, attenuated oxidative damage-induced cellular senescence in GCs, and significantly improved the ovarian function of POF rats, but that was reversed by YB-1 depletion. Moreover, YB-1 showed an obvious decline in serum and GCs in POF patients. Mechanistically, YB-1 as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) physically interacted with a long non-coding RNA, MALAT1, and increased its stability, further, MALAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to elevate FOXO3 levels by sequestering miR-211-5p to prevent its degradation, leading to repair of ovarian function. In summary, we demonstrated that BMSCs-sEVs improve ovarian function by releasing YB-1, which mediates MALAT1/miR-211-5p/FOXO3 axis regulation, providing a possible therapeutic target for patients with POF.
Subject(s)
Exosomes , Forkhead Box Protein O3 , Granulosa Cells , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , MicroRNAs , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , RNA, Long Noncoding , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Cellular Senescence , Exosomes/metabolism , Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism , Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics , Granulosa Cells/metabolism , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism , MicroRNAs/metabolism , MicroRNAs/genetics , Ovary/metabolism , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/metabolism , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/geneticsABSTRACT
The modification and recognition of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) are involved in the initiation and progression of various tumor types. However, the precise role and potential mechanism of Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, it is found that YBX1 is frequently upregulated in ESCC compared with matched nontumor tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays show that YBX1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Functional studies revealed that NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) is a critical RNA methyltransferase that facilitates YBX1-mediated ESCC progression. Mechanistically, integrated analysis based on RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and m5C methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) assays identified spermine oxidase (SMOX) as a target gene containing an m5C site in its coding sequence (CDS) region, which coincided well with the binding site of YBX1. Overexpression of SMOX-WT but not SMOX-Mut partially restored the proliferation and invasion ability of ESCC cells curbed by YBX1 knockdown. Moreover, YBX1 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway by stabilizing SMOX mRNA. The study reveals that YBX1 promotes ESCC development by stabilizing SMOX mRNA in an m5C-dependent manner, thus providing a valuable therapeutic target for ESCC.
Subject(s)
Disease Progression , Esophageal Neoplasms , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , RNA Stability , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/metabolism , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/pathology , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , RNA Stability/genetics , Mice , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , MethyltransferasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a poor prognosis and closely linked to tumor stemness. However, the key molecules that regulate ICC stemness remain elusive. Although Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) negatively affects prognosis in various cancers by enhancing stemness and chemoresistance, its effect on stemness and cisplatin sensitivity in ICC remains unclear. METHODS: Three bulk and single-cell RNA-seq datasets were analyzed to investigate YBX1 expression in ICC and its association with stemness. Clinical samples and colony/sphere formation assays validated the role of YBX1 in stemness and sensitivity to cisplatin. AZD5363 and KYA1979K explored the interaction of YBX1 with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and WNT/ß-catenin pathways. RESULTS: YBX1 was significantly upregulated in ICC, correlated with worse overall survival and shorter postoperative recurrence time, and was higher in chemotherapy-non-responsive ICC tissues. The YBX1-high group exhibited significantly elevated stemness scores, and genes linked to YBX1 upregulation were enriched in multiple stemness-related pathways. Moreover, YBX1 expression is significantly correlated with several stemness-related genes (SOX9, OCT4, CD133, CD44 and EPCAM). Additionally, YBX1 overexpression significantly enhanced the colony- and spheroid-forming abilities of ICC cells, accelerated tumor growth in vivo and reduced their sensitivity to cisplatin. Conversely, the downregulation of YBX1 exerted the opposite effect. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted the link between YBX1 and the PI3K/AKT and WNT/ß-catenin pathways. Further, AZD5363 and KYA1979K were used to clarify that YBX1 promoted ICC stemness through the regulation of the AKT/ß-catenin axis. CONCLUSIONS: YBX1 is upregulated in ICC and promotes stemness and cisplatin insensitivity via the AKT/ß-catenin axis. Our study describes a novel potential therapeutic target for improving ICC prognosis.
Subject(s)
Cholangiocarcinoma , Cisplatin , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , beta Catenin , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , beta Catenin/metabolism , beta Catenin/genetics , Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics , Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism , Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology , Bile Duct Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics , Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism , Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy , Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/mortality , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Wnt Signaling Pathway , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/geneticsABSTRACT
While previous studies have indicated the involvement of Isthmin 1 (ISM1), a secreted protein, in cancer development, the precise mechanisms have remained elusive. In this study, we unveiled that ISM1 is significantly overexpressed in both the blood and tissue samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, correlating with their poor prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that enforced ISM1 expression significantly enhances CRC proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth. Notably, our investigation reveals an interaction of ISM1 with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of CRC cells. The binding of ISM1 triggered EGFR activation and initiate downstream signaling pathways. Meanwhile, intracellular ISM1 interacted with Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), enhancing its transcriptional regulation on EGFR. Furthermore, our research uncovered the regulation of ISM1 expression by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α in CRC cells. Mechanistically, we identified HIF-1α as a direct regulator of ISM1, binding to a hypoxia response element on its promoter. This novel mechanism illuminated potential therapeutic targets, offering insights into restraining HIF-1α/ISM1/EGFR-driven CRC progression and metastasis.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Colorectal Neoplasms , Disease Progression , ErbB Receptors , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/genetics , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics , Animals , Cell Movement , Cell Line, Tumor , Mice , Male , Signal Transduction , Female , Mice, Nude , HCT116 Cells , PrognosisABSTRACT
The immunosuppressive microenvironment caused by several intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism has brought great challenges to the immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. We identified GFPT2, the key enzyme in hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), as an immune-related prognostic gene in pancreatic cancer using transcriptome sequencing and further confirmed that GFPT2 promoted macrophage M2 polarization and malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. HBP is a glucose metabolism pathway leading to the generation of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is further utilized for protein O-GlcNAcylation. We confirmed GFPT2-mediated O-GlcNAcylation played an important role in regulating immune microenvironment. Through cellular proteomics, we identified IL-18 as a key downstream of GFPT2 in regulating the immune microenvironment. Through CO-IP and protein mass spectrum, we confirmed that YBX1 was O-GlcNAcylated and nuclear translocated by GFPT2-mediated O-GlcNAcylation. Then, YBX1 functioned as a transcription factor to promote IL-18 transcription. Our study elucidated the relationship between the metabolic pathway of HBP in cancer cells and the immune microenvironment, which might provide some insights into the combination therapy of HBP vulnerability and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-18 , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Humans , Glycosylation , Interleukin-18/metabolism , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Proteins/metabolism , Biosynthetic Pathways , Hexosamines , Tumor Microenvironment , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX-1) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress of BEAS-2B cell line and clarify the underlying mechanism. METHODS: LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells were used as a cell model of sepsis-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI). Immunoblot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the expression of YBX-1 in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and immunoblot assays were conducted to determine the effects of YBX-1 on cell survival. JC-1 staining and adenosine triphosphate production were used to detect the effects of YBX-1 on mitochondrial function. Immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent serologic assay were performed to examine the effects of YBX-1 on the inflammation and oxidative stress of cells. Immunoblot assay was conducted to confirm the mechanism. RESULTS: YBX-1 was lowly expressed in LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells and enhanced the survival of LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cells. In addition, YBX-1 improved mitochondrial function of LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. YBX-1 inhibited the inflammation and oxidative stress of LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Mechanically, YBX-1 inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis, thereby alleviating sepsis-stimulated ALI. CONCLUSION: YBX-1 alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress of LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells via MAPK axis.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury , Sepsis , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 , Humans , Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Epithelial Cells , Inflammation/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Lung , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/metabolism , Y-Box-Binding Protein 1/metabolismABSTRACT
The Y-box binding protein-1 (YBX1) gene codes for a multifunctional oncoprotein that is increasingly being linked to the regulations of many aspects of cancer cell biology. Disparities in treatment outcomes between male and female cancer patients are increasingly reported. This study aimed to examine the relationship between YBX1 expression and overall survival in male and female patients with solid tumours. Overall survival and YBX1 expression data for cohorts of male and female cancer patients obtained from freely available databases were analysed with a cox proportional hazard model with covariates of biological sex and YBX1 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves and Violin plots were constructed for segregated male and female cohorts. High YBX1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival in 2 female-only and 4 mixed-sex cancer sites. In female lung cancer patients, better survival and lower YBX1 expression were identified. The clinical importance of YBX1 expression in cancer ought to be evaluated in a sex-specific manner, especially in lung cancer.