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1.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 60(4): 438-449, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38018549

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary codominant autosomal disease. This liver disease ranges from asymptomatic cases to terminal illness, which makes early recognition and diagnosis challenging. It is the main cause of pediatric liver transplantation after biliary atresia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, as well as those of histologic and laboratory tests, phenotypic and/or genetic evaluation and evolution of a cohort of pediatric patients with AATD. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of 39 patients with confirmed or probable AATD (without phenotyping or genotyping, but with suggestive clinical features, low serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) level and liver biopsy with PAS granules, resistant diastasis). Clinical, laboratory and histological varia-bles, presence of portal hypertension (PH) and survival with native liver have been analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 66.7% of 39 patients were male (26/39). The initial manifestation was cholestatic jaundice in 79.5% (31/39). Liver transplantation was performed in 28.2% (11/39) of patients. Diagnosis occurred at an average of 3.1 years old and liver transplantation at 4.1 years of age. 89.2% (25/28) of the patients with confirmed AATD were PI*ZZ or ZZ. The average AAT value on admission for PI*ZZ or ZZ patients was 41.6 mg/dL. All transplanted patients with phenotyping or genotyping were PI*ZZ (or ZZ). Those who were jaundiced on admission were earlier referred to the specialized service and had higher levels of GGT and platelets on admission. There was no significant difference in the survival curve when comparing cholestatic jaundiced to non-cholestatic jaundiced patients on admission. Comparing patients who did or did not progress to PH, higher levels of AST and APRI score at diagnosis (P=0.011 and P=0.026, respectively) were observed and in the survival curves patients with PH showed impairment, with 20.2% survival with native liver in 15 years. CONCLUSION: Jaundice is an important clinical sign that motivates referral to a specialist, but it does not seem to compromise survival with native liver. Patients progressing to PH had higher AST, APRi score on admission and significantly impaired survival with native liver. It is important to pay attention to these signs in the follow-up of patients with AATD.


Subject(s)
Liver Transplantation , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Retrospective Studies
2.
Québec; INESSS; juil. 2023.
Non-conventional in French | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511260

ABSTRACT

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Takeda Canada Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang GlassiaMC, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain. Au Canada, GlassiaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'augmentation et d'entretien de longue durée chez les adultes présentant un emphysème cliniquement manifeste attribuable à un déficit héréditaire sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (AAT), aussi appelé déficit en alpha1- antitrypsine (AAT). L'indication demandée à l'INESSS est la même. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE: d'évaluation Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de GlassiaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION: populationnelle Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. EFFICACITÉ: Chez les individus atteints de DAAT, le produit d'AAT plasmatique humain GlassiaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent au ProlastinMC puisqu'il affiche un profil pharmacocinétique comparable à ce dernier. Aucune donnée sur la capacité de GlassiaMC à ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT n'a été soumise par le fabricant ou répertoriée dans la littérature. Innocuité. Le profil d'innocuité de GlassiaMC est jugé acceptable et comparable à celui du ProlastinMC. Dimension organisationnelle: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ via la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, GlassiaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à Prolastin-CMC, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Analyse d'impact budgétaire: Advenant l'ajout de GlassiaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. Dimension socioculturelle Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Subject(s)
Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/drug therapy , Emphysema/drug therapy , Health Evaluation/economics , Efficacy
3.
BMC Pulm Med ; 23(1): 156, 2023 May 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37143026

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an underrecognized genetic disorder associated mainly with pulmonary emphysema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). All individuals with COPD regardless of age or ethnicity should be tested for AATD, but in Colombia its prevalence in unknown. MAIN OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the genetic mutations, present in AATD in adult patients with COPD in Colombia, using a genotyping test on cells from the oral mucosa. METHODS: This was a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study which included adult patients attending seven COPD care centres in Colombia. Demographic data, medical history, including history of exposure to smoking and biomass smoke, most recent spirometry, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment received, serum AAT levels, and mutations detected by the genotyping test were recorded for all the recruited patients. For the comparison of variables between the groups with and without mutation, we used the X2 test for the qualitative variables and the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test according to their distribution. MAIN FINDINGS: We collected a sample of 1,107 patients, the median age was 73.8 years (87.6-79.9). Mutations were documented in 144 patients (13.01%), the majority had the M/S mutation (78.50%), followed by M/Z (9.72%). One patient had a ZZ mutation and two patients had null alleles. In total, 23 patients had mutations associated with serum AAT deficiency (levels below 60 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic mutations were documented in 13.01% of patients with COPD in Colombia and 2.07% were AATD-related, showing that there is a significant number of underdiagnosed patients.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Aged , Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/epidemiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mutation , Prevalence , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Aged, 80 and over
5.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Non-conventional in French | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1510886

ABSTRACT

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Grifols Therapeutics Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ProlastinMC-C Liquid, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ProlastinMC-C Liquid est indiqué pour le traitement de substitution chronique chez les personnes atteintes d'un déficit congénital en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine) lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, et présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique. L'indication visée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement du déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, chez les patients adultes présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique ET un taux en alpha1- antitrypsine ≤ 11 umol/L ET un VEMS de 25 à 80 %. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ProlastinMC-C Liquid ainsi que les formulations précédentes ProlastinMC et ProlastinMC-C. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique de ProlastinMC-C Liquid a été basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude EXACTLE) et 2 études de bioéquivalence entre ProlastinMC, ProlastinMC-C et ProlastinMC-C Liquid. DIMENSION ORGANISATIONNELLE: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ par la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Subject(s)
Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/drug therapy , Emphysema/etiology , Health Evaluation , Efficacy
6.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Non-conventional in French | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511425

ABSTRACT

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant CSL Behring Canada inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ZemairaMC, inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ZemairaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'entretien/de maintien chez les adultes présentant un déficit sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (phénotypes (Z,Z), (Z, null), (null, null) ou (S, Z)) et une maladie pulmonaire cliniquement avérée. L'indication demandée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement d'entretien des adultes atteints d'un déficit grave en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (par exemple, génotypes PiZZ, PiZ[nul], Pi[null, null], PiSZ ou autres allèles causant un déficit) et présentant des signes cliniques d'emphysème. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ZemairaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation d'experts sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE: Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique du produit ZemairaMC est basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude RAPID-RCT) et sa prolongation (RAPID-OLE) ainsi que sur 1 essai de bioéquivalence avec ProlastinMC. Efficacité: La quantification de la densité pulmonaire par tomodensitométrie est un paramètre de substitution jugé adéquat par les experts consultés pour évaluer la progression de l'emphysème, même si les corrélations avec les manifestations cliniques de l'emphysème sont faibles. Dans l'étude RAPID-RCT, le traitement par ZemairaMC a significativement ralenti la perte de densité pulmonaire mesurée à la capacité pulmonaire totale par rapport au groupe placebo chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Un ralentissement de la dégradation est aussi observé dans le groupe « départ différé ¼ de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Les résultats de la prolongation suggèrent aussi que l'effet du traitement peut se prolonger sur une période d'au moins 4 ans. En ce qui concerne les effets sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé, la fréquence des exacerbations et les fonctions respiratoires, l'utilisation de ZemairaMC n'a pas démontré de bénéfices cliniques comparativement au placebo. Le produit ZemairaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent à ProlastinMC chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Innocuité:4 L'innocuité de ZemairaMC observé dans l'étude RAPID-RCT est comparable à celle du placebo. De plus, aucun nouveau signal important d'innocuité n'a été observé au cours de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Dimension organisationnelle: Le remboursement de ProlastinMC-C est présentement offert par la mesure du patient d'exception de la RAMQ et par les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. L'administration à domicile de ProlastinMC-C n'est pas une pratique courante au Québec. Celle-ci se fait généralement en CLSC ou en clinique spécialisée. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, ZemairaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à ProlastinMC-C, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Lorsque comparé à l'utilisation des meilleurs soins de soutien seuls, ZemairaMC, en ajout à ceux-ci, n'est pas efficient. Le ratio coût-utilité incrémental a été estimé entre 335 000 $ et 345 000 $ par QALY. Une réduction du prix de 90 % ou 75 % doit être présumée pour atteindre des seuils d'efficience de 50 000 $ et 100 000 $ par QALY, respectivement. Analyse d'impact budgétaire Advenant l'ajout de ZemairaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


MANDATE: At the request of the manufacturer, CSL Behring Canada Inc., the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) conducted an evaluation of the blood system product ZemairaTM, a highly purified human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor administered intravenously. In Canada, ZemairaTM is indicated for the maintenance treatment in adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g. genotypes PiZZ, PiZ(null), Pi(null, null), PiS Z) and clinical evidence of emphysema. The indication requested for this evaluation is as follows: for the maintenance treatment of adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g., PiZZ, PiZ[null], Pi[null, null], PiSZ or other deficiency-causing alleles) and presenting clinical signs of emphysema. INESSS conducted simultaneous assessments of ProlastinTM-C Liquid, ZemairaTM and GlassiaTM, all human plasma alpha1-antitrypsin products. Recommendations for these 3 products were published at the same time. ASSESSMENT APPROACH: A data review of the literature and those provided by the manufacturer was carried out to document the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ZemairaTM. Contextual and experiential data from expert consultation are also presented. Efficiency and budget impact analyses were developed by the INESSS. POPULATION DIMENSION: Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency, or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (DAAT), is a rare genetic condition with a variable presentation that can lead to severe pulmonary (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis) and hepatic symptoms, often with a slow progression. Due to the heterogeneous and often delayed clinical manifestations, and the discovery of new pathogenic variants associated with the disease, DAAT is an under-diagnosed condition. Usual treatments are aimed at alleviating respiratory symptoms and include inhaled medications, pulmonary rehabilitation and, for some patients, augmentation therapy consisting of weekly intravenous administration of plasma-derived alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Augmentation therapy aims to slow the progression of emphysema in individuals with DAAT. Currently, only ProlastinTM-C is available in Quebec, and public reimbursement is possible only through the "mesure du patient d'exception." Treatments that halt or slow the progression of emphysema and the deterioration of lung and liver function would meet current healthcare needs, especially if they were to improve the quality of life of sufferers and their families. Facilitating access to augmentation therapy is also desirable. CLINICAL DIMENSION ASSESSMENT: of the therapeutic value of ZemairaTM is based on 1 randomized controlled trial (RAPID-RCT) and its extension (RAPID-OLE), as well as 1 bioequivalence trial with ProlastinTM. EFFICACY: CT lung density quantification is a surrogate parameter deemed adequate by the experts consulted for evaluating emphysema progression, even if correlations with clinical manifestations of emphysema are weak. In the RAPID-RCT study, treatment with ZemairaTM significantly slowed the loss of lung density at total lung capacity compared with the placebo group in individuals with alpha1- proteinase inhibitor deficiency. Slower deterioration was also observed in the "delayed start" group of the RAPID-OLE extension. The results of the extension also suggest that the treatment effect can be maintained over a period of 4 years. Regarding effects on health-related quality of life, frequency of exacerbations and on respiratory function, ZemairaTM has not demonstrated any clinical benefit compared with a placebo. ZemairaTM is considered bioequivalent to ProlastinTM in individuals with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. SAFETY The safety profile of ZemairaTM observed in the RAPID-RCT study is comparable to that of placebo. Moreover, no significant new safety findings were observed in the RAPIDOLE extension. ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION: ProlastinTM-C is currently reimbursed by the RAMQ through the "mesure du patient d'exception" and private insurance plans. From now on, plasma AATs will have to be registered on the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec and obtain a call for tenders from Héma-Québec before they can be distributed. With this change in management, it would be prudent to avoid treatment interruptions and minimize the consequences that could arise. At the moment, home administration of ProlastinTM-C is not common practice in Quebec. It is generally administered in CLSCs or specialized clinics. ECONOMIC DIMENSION: Efficiency Analysis: At the submitted price, ZemairaTM would provide savings of $ XX per week compared with ProlastinTM-C, whose efficiency has not been evaluated prior to this assessment. When compared to the use of best supportive care alone, ZemairaTM, in addition to best supportive care, is not cost-effective. The incremental cost-utility ratio has been estimated at between $335,000 and $345,000 per QALY. A price reduction of 90% or 75% must be adopted to reach efficiency thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY, respectively. Budget Impact Analysis: Should ZemairaTM be added to the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, an increase in the number of patients can be expected due to patients currently using ProlastinTM-C through private drug insurance plans to continue their AAT inhibitor treatment through the public plan. This increase in the number of people covered by the public system (XX %) would translate into additional costs estimated at over $8 million over 3 years. SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSION: In 2022, Quebec adopted a policy aimed at optimizing access to quality healthcare and services that are adapted to the specific needs of culturally sensitive patients and those with rare diseases. Some experts note that Quebec is at the forefront in the management of several rare diseases, including DAAT, compared to other Canadian provinces.


Subject(s)
Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/drug therapy , Emphysema/diagnosis , Health Evaluation , Efficacy
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(22)2021 Nov 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34830348

ABSTRACT

Dysfunction of cellular homeostasis can lead to misfolding of proteins thus acquiring conformations prone to polymerization into pathological aggregates. This process is associated with several disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and endoplasmic reticulum storage disorders (ERSDs), like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and hereditary hypofibrinogenemia with hepatic storage (HHHS). Given the shared pathophysiological mechanisms involved in such conditions, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the basic principles of misfolding and aggregation akin to these diseases which, although heterogeneous in symptomatology, present similarities that could lead to potential mutual treatments. Here, we review: (i) the pathological bases leading to misfolding and aggregation of proteins involved in PD, AATD, and HHHS: alpha-synuclein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and fibrinogen, respectively, (ii) the evidence linking each protein aggregation to the stress mechanisms occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of each pathology, (iii) a comparison of the mechanisms related to dysfunction of proteostasis and regulation of homeostasis between the diseases (such as the unfolded protein response and/or autophagy), (iv) and clinical perspectives regarding possible common treatments focused on improving the defensive responses to protein aggregation for diseases as different as PD, and ERSDs.


Subject(s)
Afibrinogenemia/genetics , Fibrinogen/chemistry , Parkinson Disease/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/chemistry , alpha-Synuclein/chemistry , Afibrinogenemia/drug therapy , Afibrinogenemia/metabolism , Afibrinogenemia/pathology , Animals , Autophagy/drug effects , Autophagy/genetics , Coagulants/therapeutic use , Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum/pathology , Fibrinogen/genetics , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/metabolism , Parkinson Disease/pathology , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Protein Aggregates/drug effects , Protein Folding/drug effects , Unfolded Protein Response/drug effects , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/metabolism , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/drug therapy , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/metabolism , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/pathology , alpha-Synuclein/genetics , alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
9.
J Bras Pneumol ; 47(3): e20200380, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34076174

ABSTRACT

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Severe AATD predisposes individuals to COPD and liver disease. Early diagnosis is essential for implementing preventive measures and limiting the disease burden. Although national and international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AATD have been available for 20 years, more than 85% of cases go undiagnosed and therefore untreated. In Brazil, reasons for the underdiagnosis of AATD include a lack of awareness of the condition among physicians, a racially diverse population, serum AAT levels being assessed in a limited number of individuals, and lack of convenient diagnostic tools. The diagnosis of AATD is based on laboratory test results. The standard diagnostic approach involves the assessment of serum AAT levels, followed by phenotyping, genotyping, gene sequencing, or combinations of those, to detect the specific mutation. Over the past 10 years, new techniques have been developed, offering a rapid, minimally invasive, reliable alternative to traditional testing methods. One such test available in Brazil is the A1AT Genotyping Test, which simultaneously analyzes the 14 most prevalent AATD mutations, using DNA extracted from a buccal swab or dried blood spot. Such advances may contribute to overcoming the problem of underdiagnosis in Brazil and elsewhere, as well as being likely to increase the rate detection of AATD and therefore mitigate the harmful effects of delayed diagnosis.


Subject(s)
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Brazil , Humans , Mutation , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics
10.
BMJ Case Rep ; 14(3)2021 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33785603

ABSTRACT

We describe three cases of female subjects (aged 16, 44 and 41 years) with no respiratory symptoms, who have alpha-1 antitripsyn mutation (PiSZ, PiZZ and PiZZ) and who performed traditional pulmonary function tests and the single breath nitrogen washout test. They still did not have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or any identifiable change in traditional pulmonary function tests but already have change in nitrogen washout tests. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset COPD. There is evidence that although patients who have well-preserved FEV1 may already have signs of emphysema associated with symptoms. Therefore, the nitrogen washout test is considered to have more sensitive outcomes than other pulmonary function tests for early investigation of small airways disease and could allow the monitoring pulmonary function and evaluating of therapeutic decision.


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Pulmonary Emphysema , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Phenotype , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics
11.
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol ; 45(4): 101519, 2021 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33636655

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a risk factor for liver disease. PASD-positive inclusions have been found unexpectedly in approximately 10% of liver explants in patients with no previous diagnosis of AATD, particularly, in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), supporting a synergistic mechanism of liver injury between AATD and environmental factors. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of mestizo patients in which AATD was diagnosed before or after liver transplantation. METHODS: Liver explants of patients with cryptogenic, alcoholic, and NAFLD/NASH cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were included. Liver histopathology was assessed by two expert pathologists. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, PASD staining, and confirmatory AAT immunohistochemistry were performed. In explants with positive histopathology, genotyping for SERPINA1 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 180 liver transplants were performed during the study period. Of these, 44 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, NASH, and alcoholic cirrhosis were included. Of these patients, two liver explants (4.5%) had PASD-positive inclusions stain and confirmatory immunochemistry. During the period evaluated, another two patients with a diagnosis of AATD before the OLT were also included. The four patients had overweight or obesity, three had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and two developed liver steatosis after the OLT. CONCLUSION: AATD was found to be an infrequent finding in patients with cryptogenic, NASH/NAFLD, and alcoholic cirrhosis in our population. However, it is important to consider this entity as it may represent an additional factor in the appearance and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Prevalence , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/epidemiology
13.
J. bras. pneumol ; J. bras. pneumol;47(3): e20200380, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250209

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Severe AATD predisposes individuals to COPD and liver disease. Early diagnosis is essential for implementing preventive measures and limiting the disease burden. Although national and international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AATD have been available for 20 years, more than 85% of cases go undiagnosed and therefore untreated. In Brazil, reasons for the underdiagnosis of AATD include a lack of awareness of the condition among physicians, a racially diverse population, serum AAT levels being assessed in a limited number of individuals, and lack of convenient diagnostic tools. The diagnosis of AATD is based on laboratory test results. The standard diagnostic approach involves the assessment of serum AAT levels, followed by phenotyping, genotyping, gene sequencing, or combinations of those, to detect the specific mutation. Over the past 10 years, new techniques have been developed, offering a rapid, minimally invasive, reliable alternative to traditional testing methods. One such test available in Brazil is the A1AT Genotyping Test, which simultaneously analyzes the 14 most prevalent AATD mutations, using DNA extracted from a buccal swab or dried blood spot. Such advances may contribute to overcoming the problem of underdiagnosis in Brazil and elsewhere, as well as being likely to increase the rate detection of AATD and therefore mitigate the harmful effects of delayed diagnosis.


RESUMO A deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina (DAAT) é um distúrbio genético raro causado por uma mutação no gene SERPINA1, que codifica o inibidor de protease alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT). A DAAT predispõe os indivíduos a DPOC e doença hepática. O diagnóstico precoce é essencial para a implementação de medidas preventivas e para limitar a carga da doença. Embora diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para o diagnóstico e manejo da DAAT estejam disponíveis há 20 anos, mais de 85% dos casos não são diagnosticados e, portanto, não são tratados. No Brasil, os motivos para o subdiagnóstico da DAAT incluem o desconhecimento dos médicos sobre a condição, a diversidade racial da população, o fato de os níveis séricos de AAT serem avaliados em um número limitado de indivíduos e a falta de ferramentas diagnósticas convenientes. O diagnóstico da DAAT baseia-se em resultados de exames laboratoriais. A abordagem diagnóstica padrão envolve a avaliação dos níveis séricos de AAT, seguida de fenotipagem, genotipagem, sequenciamento gênico ou suas combinações para detecção da mutação específica. Nos últimos 10 anos, novas técnicas foram desenvolvidas, oferecendo uma alternativa rápida, minimamente invasiva e confiável aos métodos tradicionais de teste. Um desses testes disponíveis no Brasil é o teste de genotipagem A1AT, que analisa simultaneamente as 14 mutações mais prevalentes da DAAT usando DNA extraído de swab bucal ou de sangue em papel-filtro. Esses avanços podem contribuir para a superação do problema do subdiagnóstico no Brasil e em outros países, bem como podem aumentar a taxa de detecção da DAAT e, portanto, mitigar os malefícios do diagnóstico tardio.


Subject(s)
Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Brazil , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , Mutation
14.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 15: 2267-2274, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33061344

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Small airways are not evaluated with traditional pulmonary function tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the small airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a nitrogen washout test and to verify whether there is a difference between patients with COPD due to smoking and those with COPD due to alpha-1 antitrypsin mutation. Methods: Sixteen patients with mutation in the SERPINA1 gene and 45 patients with no mutation were included in this cross-sectional study. All pulmonary function tests, including the single breath nitrogen washout test, were performed for all patients and alpha-1 antitrypsin dosage was assessed with immunonephelometry. Results: A comparison of patients with COPD due to smoking and those with COPD due to smoking and mutation revealed a significant difference in closure volume (%), which was the poorest in the mutation group. In the group with COPD and mutation, there was an inverse correlation between smoking and closure volume (%). We also verified that similar to forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the phase III slope (%) and ΔN2 750-1250 mL (%) could be used to differentiate the severity of airflow limitation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that both variables, phase III slope and the ΔN2 750-1250 mL (%), could be related to COPD severity. Therefore, alterations at the distribution of the location of the emphysema could alter the results of closer volume and that the nitrogen washout test is more sensitive when compared to traditional pulmonary function test in evaluating COPD patients.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics , Respiratory Function Tests , alpha 1-Antitrypsin , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics
15.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 80(5): 473-478, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33048791

ABSTRACT

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of the most common inherited disorders with a higher incidence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its prevalence in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax is unknown. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of AAT deficiency in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. This was a prospective cross-sectional study, in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, where those with secondary pneumothorax were excluded. Quantification of serum AAT by nephelometry and subsequent rapid genotyping (real time PCR) was performed, in order to detect the most prevalent deficiency alleles (Z and S) in those subjects with serum AAT concentrations = 120 mg/dl. Fifty-eight patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were included. The average age was 34 ± 13 years with male predominance (72%) and high prevalence of current and past smoking (60%). Twenty six percent of them (95% CI: 15-39) presented AAT serum concentrations = 120mg/dl. We found 7 deficiency variants (12%; IC 95%: 5-23%). One patient presented a severe Pi•ZZ form (1.7%), 3 were heterozygotes Z (5.2%) and 3 heterozygotes S (5.2%). The prevalence of AAT deficient variants was high in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.


La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) es uno de los trastornos hereditarios más frecuentes y con mayor incidencia en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se desconoce su prevalencia en aquellos con neumotórax espontáneo. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de AAT en sujetos con neumotórax espontáneo. El estudio fue prospectivo y de corte transversal en pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo primario. Se excluyeron aquellos con neumotórax secundario. Se realizó cuantificación de AAT en suero por nefelometría y posterior genotipificación rápida (PCR en tiempo real) para detectar los alelos de deficiencia más prevalentes (Z y S) en aquellos con concentraciones séricas = 120 mg/dl. Se incluyeron 58 pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo primario. La edad promedio fue de 34 ± 13 años con predominio de sexo masculino (72%) y alta prevalencia de tabaquismo actual y pasado (60%). Del total, el 26% (IC95%: 15-39) presentó concentraciones de AAT = 120mg/dl. Encontramos 7 formas deficitarias (12%; IC 95%: 5-23%). Un paciente presentó una forma grave Pi•ZZ (1.7%), 3 fueron heterocigotos Z (5.2%) y 3 heterocigotos S (5.2%). La prevalencia de variantes deficitarias de AAT fue alta en este grupo con neumotórax espontáneo.


Subject(s)
Pneumothorax/epidemiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Pneumothorax/genetics , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);80(5): 473-478, ago. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287200

ABSTRACT

Resumen La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) es uno de los trastornos hereditarios más frecuentes y con mayor incidencia en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Se desconoce su prevalencia en aquellos con neumotórax espontáneo. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de AAT en sujetos con neumotórax espontáneo. El estudio fue prospectivo y de corte transversal en pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo primario. Se excluyeron aquellos con neumotórax secundario. Se realizó cuantificación de AAT en suero por nefelometría y posterior genotipificación rápida (PCR en tiempo real) para detectar los alelos de deficiencia más prevalentes (Z y S) en aquellos con concentraciones séricas ≤ 120 mg/dl. Se incluyeron 58 pacientes con neumotórax espontáneo primario. La edad promedio fue de 34 ± 13 años con predominio de sexo masculino (72%) y alta prevalencia de tabaquismo actual y pasado (60%). Del total, el 26% (IC95%: 15-39) presentó concentraciones de AAT ≤ 120mg/dl. Encontramos 7 formas deficitarias (12%; IC 95%: 5-23%). Un paciente presentó una forma grave Pi*ZZ (1.7%), 3 fueron heterocigotos Z (5.2%) y 3 heterocigotos S (5.2%). La prevalencia de variantes deficitarias de AAT fue alta en este grupo con neumotórax espontáneo.


Abstract Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of the most common inherited disorders with a higher incidence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its prevalence in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax is unknown. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of AAT deficiency in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. This was a prospective cross-sectional study, in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, where those with secondary pneumothorax were excluded. Quantification of serum AAT by nephelometry and subsequent rapid genotyping (real time PCR) was performed, in order to detect the most prevalent deficiency alleles (Z and S) in those subjects with serum AAT concentrations ≤ 120 mg/dl. Fifty-eight patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were included. The average age was 34 ± 13 years with male predominance (72%) and high prevalence of current and past smoking (60%). Twenty six percent of them (95% CI: 15-39) presented AAT serum concentrations ≤ 120mg/dl. We found 7 deficiency variants (12%; IC 95%: 5-23%). One patient presented a severe Pi*ZZ form (1.7%), 3 were heterozygotes Z (5.2%) and 3 heterozygotes S (5.2%). The prevalence of AAT deficient variants was high in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumothorax/epidemiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/epidemiology , Pneumothorax/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
17.
J Pediatr ; 227: 81-86.e4, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32663593

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of portal hypertension, liver transplantation, and death in North American youth with alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, and compare with patients with AAT deficiency elsewhere. STUDY DESIGN: The Childhood Liver Disease Research Network Longitudinal Observational Study of Genetic Causes of Intrahepatic Cholestasis is a prospective, cohort study of pediatric cholestatic liver diseases, including AAT deficiency, enrolling PIZZ and PISZ subjects 0-25 years of age seen since November 2007 at 17 tertiary care centers in the US and Canada. Data from standard-of-care baseline and annual follow-up visits were recorded from medical records, history, physical examination, and laboratory studies. Participants with portal hypertension were identified based on data collected. RESULTS: We enrolled 350 participants (60% male) with a native liver; 278 (79%) entered the cohort without portal hypertension and 18 developed portal hypertension during follow-up. Thirty participants required liver transplantation; 2 patients died during 1077 person-years of follow-up. There was no difference in participants with or without preceding neonatal cholestasis progressing to transplantation or death during the study (12% vs 7%; P = .09), or in experiencing portal hypertension (28% vs 21%; P = .16); the hazard ratio for neonatal cholestasis leading to portal hypertension was P = .04. Development of portal hypertension was associated with a reduced height Z-score. CONCLUSIONS: Portal hypertension in youth with AAT deficiency impacts growth measures. Progression to liver transplantation is slow and death is rare, but the risk of complications and severe liver disease progression persists throughout childhood. A history of neonatal cholestasis is a weak predictor of severe disease.


Subject(s)
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/complications , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Portal/surgery , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Liver Transplantation , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Young Adult , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/blood
19.
Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed) ; 56(9): 571-577, 2020 Sep.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31889566

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is still underdiagnosed, despite the recommendation to determine AAT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of AATD in COPD patients adjusted according to the population of the COPD prevalence study in Argentina (EPOC.AR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a multicenter prospective cross-sectional study of a population aged≥30 years of age diagnosed with COPD, involving AAT quantification in dry blood spot and subsequent genotyping in subjects with<1.5mg/dL AAT in dry blood spot (<80mg/dL in serum). AAT was defined as the detection of variants ZZ or SZ on genotyping. The EPOC.AR study population was used to calculate local adjusted prevalence. RESULTS: We included 3,254 patients (544 with AAT<80mg/dL) with a spirometric diagnosis of COPD. The prevalence of AATD in the total study population was 1.29% (95% CI 0.93-1.74), of which 0.92% (95% CI 0.62-1.31) were Pi*ZZ and 0.37% (95% CI 0.19-0.64) Pi*SZ. The adjusted prevalence of AATD in COPD patients≥40 years of age was 0.83% (95% CI 0.23-2.08). We found that AATD was negatively associated with age (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.90-0.98; P=.006), smoking habit (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99; P=.009), and FEV1% (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91-0.99; P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AATD in the adult population with COPD in Argentina is estimated to be 0.83%, which could represent 17,000 cases in our country.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications
20.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru ; 39(2): 127-131, 2019.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31333228

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Alfa 1-antitrypsin deficiency is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases in the human being, sadly it is not a commonly suspected clinical entity. With more than 100 known mutations, those associated with hepatic disease are the Z homocygote allele mutations in the gene a1AT which occur in every 2000-3500 births. Opposing to the pulmonary disease, in which de sequelae are caused by the deficit of this protein which in turn fastens the enzymatic destruction of the airway microstructure, the hepatic compromise is secondary to the intracellular accumulation of the aberrant misfolded protein. This accumulation causes cellular damage, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma through activation of a series of mechanisms which culminate in hepatocitary apoptosis, regeneration and chronic cellular injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 9 cases of confirmed a1AT deficiency are presented, from different ages ranging from adolescence through elderly patients. RESULTS: Each of one of them with different clinical presentation going from asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations to transplanted cirrhosis in which the diagnosis was post procedural. CONCLUSION: We comment about the management of the chronic liver disease and the evolution of these patients through time in the liver clinic.


Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/etiology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
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