ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: el afrontamiento a la muerte constituye una de las situaciones más difíciles y estresantes a las que se tienen que enfrentar los estudiantes de medicina por el contacto cercano a pacientes en riesgo vital. Objetivos: determinar el nivel de afrontamiento a la muerte en estudiantes de medicina. Metodología: se aplicó diseño con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, transversal, multicéntrico. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay, de ambos sexos, en agosto 2021, que aceptaban participar del estudio. Se utilizó un cuestionario telemático. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas. El nivel de afrontamiento se determinó con la escala de Bugen. La investigación fue aprobada por Comité de Ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Asunción. Resultados: se incluyeron 504 estudiantes, siendo del sexo femenino en 74 % y con edad media 22 ± 4 años. El 88 % de los encuestados eran de nacionalidad paraguaya (88 %) y 73 % de religión católica. La mayoría nació en Paraguay (88 %), era católica (73 %), se hallaba inscripta como donante de órganos (60 %) y tenía antecedente reciente de muerte de un familiar o amigo (76 %). La escala de Bugen detectó bajo nivel de afrontamiento a la muerte en 50 %, siendo 52 % en las mujeres y 42 % en los varones (p <0,05). Conclusión: el afrontamiento a la muerte en estudiantes de medicina fue bajo. Se sugiere incluir cursos, talleres y planes formativos dentro de las asignaturas o como actividades de extensión para mejorar ese aspecto en el currículo de las facultades de medicina del Paraguay.
ABSTRACT Introduction: coping with death is one of the most difficult tasks that medical students have to face. Objectives: to determine the level of coping with death in medical students. Methodology: we conducted an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. We included men and women, medical students from public and private universities from Paraguay in 2021, who agreed to participate in the study. A telematic questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic variables were measured. The level of coping was determined with the Bugen scale. The research was approved by the Comité de Ética of the Universidad Privada del Este, Asunción. Results: 504 students were included, 74 % being female and with a mean age of 22 ± 4 years. Most were born in Paraguay (88 %), were Catholic (73 %), registered as an organ donor (60 %), and had a recent history of the death of a family member or friend (76 %). The Bugen scale detected a low level of coping with death in 52 % of the women and 42 % of the men (p <0.05). Conclusion: coping with death in medical students was low. It is suggested to include courses or workshops to improve this aspect in the curriculum of the medical schools of Paraguay.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude to Death , Fear , Paraguay , Schools, Medical , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pandemics , COVID-19/psychologyABSTRACT
Soot emissions from flaming combustion are relevant as a significant source of atmospheric pollution and as a source of nanomaterials. Candles are interesting targets for soot characterization studies since they burn complex fuels with a large number of carbon atoms, and yield stable and repeatable flames. We characterized the soot particle size distributions in a candle flame using the planar two-color time-resolved laser induced incandescence (2D-2C TiRe-LII) technique, which has been successfully applied to different combustion applications, but never before on a candle flame. Soot particles are heated with a planar laser sheet to temperatures above the normal flame temperatures. The incandescent soot particles emit thermal radiation, which decays over time when the particles cool down to the flame temperature. By analyzing the temporal decay of the incandescence signal, soot particle size distributions within the flame are obtained. Our results are consistent with previous works, and show that the outer edges of the flame are characterized by larger particles ([Formula: see text]), whereas smaller particles ([Formula: see text]) are found in the central regions. We also show that our effective temperature estimates have a maximum error of 100 K at early times, which decreases as the particles cool.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Los implantes subperiósticos (ISP) han sido relegados poco a poco en favor de los implantes endóseos debido a la aparición de implantes cortos, técnicas all-on-4, elevaciones sinusales, lateralizaciones y transposición del nervio dentario inferior, colocación de implantes en arbotantes anatómicos en el maxilar superior y de modernas técnicas de regeneración óseas. El objetivo del presente artículo es el de realizar una revisión de la evolución que han ido experimentando los ISP desde su invención en 1943, así como exponer una actualización de estos, los Ranc-Implants, mediante la presentación de un caso clínico. Los Ranc-Implants suponen una alternativa viable en casos de atrofias severas de los maxilares que, en otros casos, requerirían procedimientos de regeneración óseos avanzados para la inserción de implantes convencionales.
ABSTRACT: Subperiosteal implants (ISP) have slowly been downgraded, in favor of endosseous implants, short implants, all-on-4 techniques, sinus elevations, lateralization and transposition of the inferior alveolar nerve, anatomical buttresses in the maxilla, as well as modern bone regeneration techniques. The aim of this article is to review the evolution of ISPs since their invention in 1943, and present an update of these techniques, Ranc-Implants, by presenting a clinical case. Ranc-Implants represent a viable alternative in cases of severe atrophy of the jaws that, in other cases, would require advanced bone regeneration procedures for the insertion of conventional implants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Dental Implants , Dental Implantation/methods , Radiography , Radiography, Panoramic , Mandible/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mineral and bone metabolism disorders are common complications in haemodialysis patients that present significant geographical variability. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess these disorders for the first time in haemodialysis patients from Peru. METHODS: The study included 1551 haemodialysis patients from 55 centres affiliated with the Social Health System of Peru in the city of Lima. Demographic data, comorbidities, treatments and biochemical parameters were collected from each patient. Serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH levels were categorised according to the recommended ranges in the KDOQI and KDIGO guidelines. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 59.5±15.6 years, with a mean time on haemodialysis of 58.0±54.2 months. All patients were dialysed with a calcium concentration in the dialysis fluid of 3.5 mEq/l and 68.9% of patients were prescribed phosphate-binding agents (98.4% of them calcium carbonate). A high percentage of patients showed serum calcium above, and serum phosphorus below, the recommended ranges in the KDOQI guidelines (32.8% and 37.3%, respectively). More than half of the patients had serum PTH values below the recommended ranges of both the KDOQI and KDIGO guidelines (56.4% and 51.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients included in this study were younger than those from other studies and showed both hypophosphataemia and suppressed PTH, probably due to an excessive calcium overload through dialysis fluid and the use of calcium-containing phosphate binding agents.
Subject(s)
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/metabolism , Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peru , Phosphorus/metabolism , Urban HealthABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) stimulate key processes involved in tumour progression and are important targets for cancer therapeutics. (18)F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET/CT is a marker of tumour metabolic activity. The purpose of this study was to measure percentage reductions in SUVmax (∆SUVmax%), VEGFR-2 (∆VEGFR-2%), EGFR (∆EGFR%) and COX-2 (∆COX-2%) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after preoperative treatment, and to correlate the changes in these markers of response with pathological response in terms of tumour regression grade (TRG) using Rödel's scale and long-term clinical outcome. METHODS: VEGFR-2, EGFR and COX-2 were measured using a quantitative and qualitative compound immunohistochemistry analysis (immunoreactive score) of the pretreatment endoscopic biopsy and definitive surgical specimens. Composite indexes using ∆SUVmax% and the three molecules were developed to differentiate patients with metabolic and molecular responses from nonresponders. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore associations between the tumour markers, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The analysis included 38 patients with a median follow-up of 86 months (range 5 - 113 months). The ∆VEGFR-2%/∆SUVmax% index correctly identified 13 of 19 pathological responders (TRG 3 and 4) and 17 of 19 nonresponders (TRG 0 - 2) (sensitivity 68 %, specificity 89 %, accuracy 79 %, positive predictive value 87 %, negative predictive value 74 %). In multivariate analysis, only the ∆VEGFR-2%/∆SUVmax% index was associated with DFS (HR 0.11, p = 0.001) and OS (HR 0.15, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In patients with LARC the ∆VEGFR-2%/∆SUVmax% response index is associated with outcome. Determination of the optimal diagnostic cut-off level for this novel biomarker association should be explored. Evaluation in a clinical trial is required to determine whether selected patients could benefit from treatment with a VEGFR-targeted therapeutic agent.
Subject(s)
Neoadjuvant Therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Disease-Free Survival , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: It has long been debated whether human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are associated with rectal cancer. The gene products of HCMV and EBV contribute to cell-cycle progression, mutagenesis, angiogenesis and immune evasion. The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the association between infection of a tumour by HCMV and EBV and clinical, histological, metabolic ((18)F-FDG uptake), volumetric (from CT) and molecular (KRAS status) features and long-term outcomes in a homogeneously treated group of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. METHODS: HCMV and EBV were detected in pretreatment biopsies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore associations between viral infection and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: We analysed 37 patients with a median follow-up of 74 months (range 5-173 months). Locoregional control, OS and DFS at 5 years were 93%, 74% and 71%, respectively. Patients with HCMV/EBV coinfection had a significantly higher maximum standardized uptake value than patients without viral coinfection (p = 0.02). Significant differences were also observed in staging and percentage relative reduction in tumour volume between patients with and without HCMV infection (p < 0.01) and EBV infection (p < 0.01). KRAS wildtype status was significantly more frequently observed in patients with EBV infection (p <0.01) and HCMV/EBV co-infection (p = 0.04). No significant differences were observed in OS or DFS between patients with and without EBV infection (p = 0.88 and 0.73), HCMV infection (p = 0.84 and 0.79), and EBV/CMV coinfection (p = 0.24 and 0.39). CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed that viral infections were associated with metabolic staging differences, and differences in the evolution of metabolic and volumetric parameters and KRAS mutations. Further findings of specific features will help determine the best candidates for metabolic and volumetric staging and restaging. Further toxicity profile findings will help to determine the best candidates for specific supportive treatment during pelvic chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron-Emission Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Aged , Chemoradiotherapy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Female , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multimodal Imaging , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Rectal Neoplasms/complications , Rectal Neoplasms/genetics , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , ras Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación en Sistemas y Servicios de Salud (ISS), sobre los reservorios animales y población, durante el primer semestre del 2001en una muestra probabilística en población, ascendente a 392 persona seleccionadas aleatoreamente. Se operacionalizaron las variables cobertura, propensión del medio, vulnerabilidad; para la recogida de información usamos la observación documental de registros, informes estadísticos, historias clínicas además encuestas anónimas de conocimientos, actitudes y practicas. Para evaluar las variables se usaron métodos de ponderación numérica, indicadores y estándares. Las áreas exploradas fueron: agente, reservorio, características físicas de agua y suelo, infestación de roedores, contaminación pecuaria o mixta, tendencia a la inundación y resolutividad ante problemas de contaminación, así como, conocimientos de la población sobre agente, reservorio, vía de transmisión, protección y conducta ante síntomas y/o signos. El análisis estadístico incluyó medidas resúmenes (índices, proporciones), se hicieron estimaciones por intervalos al 95% de confiabilidad y el test de X2 para diferencias de proporciones con un valor de p asociado de 0,05. La información obtenida confirmó baja cobertura de investigación serológica por especies y sectores de la economía, elevada propensión del medio (69.2 % de los consejos populares), alta vulnerabilidad determinada por moderados conocimientos, baja cobertura vacunal y alta exposición.[AU]
Subject(s)
Leptospirosis/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Tics/complications , Tics/diagnosis , Tics/epidemiology , Tics/etiology , Tics/physiopathology , Tics/therapySubject(s)
Tics/complications , Tics/diagnosis , Tics/etiology , Tics/physiopathology , Tics/epidemiology , Tics/therapyABSTRACT
Este trabajo se realiza como una actualización de otro anteriormente hecho por la Cátedra de Radioterapia y Medicina Nuclear de la Universidad Central de Venezuela de 1986. Con este fin se visitaron 18 centros públicos de radioterapia, obteniéndose información sobre ambiente físico, unidades de tratamiento, braquiterapia, personal médico y paramédico, registro de dator clínicos de pacientes. Resultado: solo 4 de 7 unidades de altovoltaje funcionan; existen 20 unidades de Co60, de las cuales 17 funcionan y únicamente 2 lo hacen en forma adecuada. De los 7 aceleradores lineales y 7 simuladores existentes, únicamente funcionan 5 de cada uno. Unicamente 3 centros hacen dosimetría por computación el resto lo hace en forma manual. En el 50 por ciento de los servicios de radioterapia, los equipos de braquiterapia intracavitaria se encuentran en condiciones precarias. Dos hospitales poseen equipos de braquiterapia a control remoto. Existe un déficit importante de técnicas en radioterapia, físicos en radiaciones y dosimetristas. en conclusión la radioterapia en Venezuela confronta serios problemas debido a la falta de recursos materiales y humanos. Recomendamos la sustitución de equipos con DFP menor de 80 cm., el cambio de las fuentes de Co60 con rendimientos menores de 100 cGy/min., el remplazo de las fuentes y de los equipos de radioterapia intracavitaria, la dotación de simuladores, entrenamiento de personal técnico y formación de físicos y dosimetristas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Radiotherapy/trends , VenezuelaABSTRACT
21 pacientes con tumores de testículo avanzados han sido tratados con quimioterapia en el Instituto Oncológico Luis Razetti e Instituto Médico. La Floresta desde 1984. 19 pacientes han sido evaluables para respuesta. 15 pacientes presentaron por lo menos uno de los siguientes factores de mal pronóstico: Masa abdominal mayor de 10 cms, lesión mediastinal, heliar o pulmonar con diámetro mayor de 2 cms. Enfermedad visceral (excluyendo los pulmones) en hígado, tracto gastrointestinal, huesos y Sistema Nervioso Central. Tumores Extragonadales. 4 pacientes no presentaron factores de mal pronóstico. Los pacientes con factores de mal pronóstico fueron tratados con los regímenes VBD-VP-16 (vimblastina, bleomicina, cisplatino en alta dosis y VP-16) y desde Septiempre de 1986 con el régimen BEP (bleomicina, etoposido, cisplatina a dosis convencionales). Dos pacientes con seminoma fueron tratados con la combinación VAB-6. De 19 pacientes evaluables, 10(52.6) obtuvieron una respuesta completa: cuatro (21%) con quimioterapia y seis (31.5%) con quimioterapia y resección de las masas residuales. Seis pacientes presentaron respuesta imcompleta y uno de los pacientes no respondió al tratamiento. La toxicidad hematológica fue severa con dos muertes toxicas relacionadas al régimen VBD-VP-16. Después de un seguimiento medio de 20 meses (9 a 45 meses) once pacientes (58.7%) se encuentran libres de enfermedad. El tratamiento con quimioterapia desde 1984 ha mejorado las perspectivas en nuestros pacientes con tumores de testículo comparado a nuestras series recientemente revisadas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Testicular Neoplasms/drug therapy , Vinblastine/therapeutic use , Bleomycin/therapeutic use , Vinblastine/toxicitySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neurology , Nervous System Diseases/classification , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/mortality , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Nervous System Diseases/therapySubject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pediatrics , Neurology , Movement Disorders , Intellectual DisabilitySubject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child , Intellectual Disability , Neurology , Pediatrics , Movement DisordersABSTRACT
Los problemas de conducta, hiperkinesia, torpeza motora, trastornos del desarrollo del lenguaje, dislexias, psicosis, autismo, son abordados con un estricto criterio científico y un lenguaje que resulta claro no sólo para médicos, sino para todos los profesionales del area de salud y educación del niño