ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify cultural topics with clinical implications to be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to develop Intercultural Competence. METHODS: Systematic review with PRISMA criteria that exported 216 articles from the Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases from 2012 to 2022, of which 40 were selected. The inclusion criteria were theoretical and empirical scientific articles, of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods nature, on cultural topics. RESULTS: The data analysis allowed the organization of information into four cultural topics: Development of professional intercultural self-awareness, Individual, family, and cultural implications, Construction of intercultural therapeutic relationships, and Specific clinical aspects, each with particular contents to be developed in the dentistry curriculum. However, some clinical issues have yet to be explored in-depth, leaving research possibilities open to all disciplines in dentistry. Additionally, it is necessary to analyze the cultural bias in the discussion and conclusion of some reviewed articles, as they were conducted from an ethnocentric perspective. Thus, peer reviewers of scientific journals and researchers in these topics must have appropriate training in Intercultural Competence. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a guide and pedagogical sequence of the cultural topics that should be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to achieve Intercultural Competence, it also highlights a wide range of relevant aspects to consider in establishing an adequate therapeutic relationship. Explicit accreditation criteria contribute to the establishment of Intercultural Competence in the curricula; however, in countries that lack regulations, there is a moral and ethical duty to incorporate the subject so that the future professional can manage and establish inclusive healthcare.
Subject(s)
Cultural Competency , Curriculum , Education, Dental , Education, Dental/methods , Cultural Competency/education , HumansABSTRACT
El proceso formativo de estudiantes de ciencias de la salud se ve desafiado a responder ante una sociedad diversa. Las experiencias, las costumbres, las creencias, la religión y la cultura influyen en las decisiones del paciente ante un proceso de salud/enfermedad, lo que genera incertidumbre en el estudiantado. A nivel internacional, la capacitación en competencia intercultural en salud es requisito de acreditación; pero en Sudamérica no ocurre lo mismo. Lineamientos internacionales han instaurado el desarrollo de competencias transversales para adquirir habilidades que le permitan al individuo desenvolverse en el escenario mundial, lo cual podría constituirse en la base fundamental para adquirir competencia intercultural en salud. Los objetivos de este artículo son identificar cómo los lineamientos para desarrollar competencias transversales tributan al logro de competencia intercultural en salud en relación con cuatro modelos de competencia cultural en salud, y exponer estrategias didácticas que permiten desarrollar ambas competencias durante el proceso formativo del estudiantado de las ciencias de la salud. Se concluye que las competencias transversales permiten adquirir habilidades, valores y competencias que facilitarían lograr las características que los diferentes modelos de competencia cultural en salud indican. Diversas metodologías activas resultan apropiadas para concretar el desarrollo de ambas competencias; no obstante, deben acompañarse de debriefing para adquirir pensamiento crítico y reflexividad en el estudiantado, además de que este proceso no se realice bajo patrones etnocentristas. Por lo tanto, es necesario indagar cómo se está desarrollando la reflexividad en el proceso formativo del estudiantado de ciencias de la salud(AU)
The training process of health sciences students is challenged to respond to a diverse society. Experiences, customs, beliefs, religion and culture influence the patient's decisions in the face of a health/disease process, which causes uncertainty among students. Internationally, training in intercultural competence in health is a requirement for accreditation, but this is not the case in South America. International guidelines have established the development of cross-sectional competences for acquiring skills that allow the individual to practice an activity in the global scenario, which could become the fundamental basis for acquiring intercultural competence in health. The objectives of this article are to identify how the guidelines to develop cross-sectional competences contribute to the achievement of intercultural competence in health in relation to four models of cultural competence in health, as well as to expose didactic strategies that allow to develop both competences during the training process of health sciences students. It is concluded that cross-sectional competences allow to acquire skills, values and competences that would facilitate the achievement of the characteristics indicated by the different models of cultural competence in health. Different active methodologies are appropriate to concretize the development of both competences; however, they should be accompanied by debriefing for the students to acquire critical thinking and reflexivity, while this process should not be carried out under ethnocentric patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how that reflexivity is being developed in the training process of health sciences students(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Faculty/education , Cultural Competency/educationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During their clinical practice, health Sciences students get acquainted with the cultural diversity of patients and learn to deal with this reality in a model of social learning. AIM: To determine the level of Intercultural Competence in Health Sciences students based on the Confrontation, Resistance, and Cultural Openness (CRAC) model, specific for health professionals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 106 Health Sciences students from three universities in Chile. Content analysis was supported by the software ATLAS.ti version 9. RESULTS: The students progressed through the CRAC model and were able to configure a new level called Cultural Understanding, in which the participants innovated care models and offered new therapeutic schemes with cultural relevance. In addition, a fifth level called Cultural Inclusion was proposed. However, a training process with a marked theoretical/scientific emphasis can overshadow the learning process resulting from reflexive practical experience, reducing its real value such as traditional/ancestral medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The students were able to update the Confrontation, Resistance, Openness, Understanding and Intercultural Inclusion Model. The features of those participants who achieve the highest levels of intercultural competences should be explored and used for the training process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Communication , Health Personnel , Cultural Diversity , Cultural Competency , LearningABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: Conocer los saberes sobre cuidado espiritual que ha desarrollado el personal sanitario desde la experiencia de atención en cuidado espiritual a personas mayores con cáncer, además de establecer las condiciones que favorecen este aprendizaje. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con estudio de caso intrínseco. Participaron 12 trabajadores sanitarios en entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales. Resultados principales: El saber práctico en cuidado espiritual tiene una finalidad centrada en el paciente y requiere del desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas. Las condiciones facilitadoras para la construcción del saber práctico tienen carácter personal, que incluye la disposición y vocación; e institucional, la diversidad de pacientes y el aprendizaje por modelamiento. Conclusión principal: Esta investigación evidencia que el saber práctico se construye con la reflexión y la acción profesional. El conocimiento práctico debe ser rescatado, valorado, explicitado y compartido para que se traduzca en un modelo de profesionalización con un mayor carácter pragmático y ético.(AU)
Objective: To know the knowledge about spiritual care that health professionals have developed from the experience of spiritual care for elderly people with cancer, in addition to establishing the conditions that favor this learning. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study, with an intrinsic case study. Twelve health workers participated in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Results: Practical knowledge in spiritual care is patient-centered and requires the development of communication skills. The facilitating conditions for the construction of practical knowledge have a personal character, which includes disposition and vocation; and institutional, patient diversity and learning by modeling. Conclusions: This research shows that practical knowledge is built with reflection and professional action. Practical knowledge must be rescued, valued, made explicit and shared so that it translates into a professionalization model with a more pragmatic and ethical nature.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Nursing Care , Oncology Nursing , Spirituality , Terminal Care/methods , Spiritual Therapies , Qualitative Research , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Nursing , Medical Oncology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: During their clinical practice, health Sciences students get acquainted with the cultural diversity of patients and learn to deal with this reality in a model of social learning. AIM: To determine the level of Intercultural Competence in Health Sciences students based on the Confrontation, Resistance, and Cultural Openness (CRAC) model, specific for health professionals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 106 Health Sciences students from three universities in Chile. Content analysis was supported by the software ATLAS.ti version 9. RESULTS: The students progressed through the CRAC model and were able to configure a new level called Cultural Understanding, in which the participants innovated care models and offered new therapeutic schemes with cultural relevance. In addition, a fifth level called Cultural Inclusion was proposed. However, a training process with a marked theoretical/scientific emphasis can overshadow the learning process resulting from reflexive practical experience, reducing its real value such as traditional/ancestral medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The students were able to update the Confrontation, Resistance, Openness, Understanding and Intercultural Inclusion Model. The features of those participants who achieve the highest levels of intercultural competences should be explored and used for the training process.
Subject(s)
Communication , Students , Humans , Health Personnel , Learning , Cultural Diversity , Cultural CompetencyABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: Analizar las fortalezas y debilidades identificadas por profesionales de enfermería sobre la incorporación de salud intercultural en la formación. Metodología:Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Diseño: estudio de caso intrínseco. Participaron en total 28 profesionales de enfermería de la región del Maule, Chile que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.Resultados principales:Las fortalezas identificadas fueron concordancia con la realidad país, integridad profesional y competencia intercultural en salud, esto permitiría proporcionar atención a cualquier persona que lo necesite. La debilidad principal radica en que la formación en cuidado intercultural está implícita en el itinerario formativo.Conclusión principal:El currículo de Enfermería posee elementos que le permitirían gestionar el cuidado de manera integral y holística; no obstante, las temáticas interculturales se aprecian implícitas o ausentes en la formación. Esto evidencia la necesidad de flexibilizar y transversalizar los contenidos, donde los académicos propicien metodologías de enseñanza dinámicas y los profesionales clínicos fomenten encuentros interculturales de manera reflexiva.(AU)
Objective: To analyse the strengths and weaknesses identified by nursing professionals on the incorporation of intercultural health in nursing training.Methods:Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Intrinsic case study design. A total of 28 nursing professionals participated of the Maule region, Chile, who met the inclusion criteria.Results:The strengths identified were consistent with the country's reality, professional integrity, and intercultural competence in health, this would allow providing healthcare to anyone who needs it. The main weakness lies in the fact that training in intercultural care is implicit in the training itinerary.Conclusions:The Nursing curriculum has elements that would allow to manage care in a comprehensive and holistic way; however, intercultural themes are implicit or absent in the training. This evidences the need to make content more flexible and transversal, where academics promote dynamic teaching method-ologies and clinical professionals foster intercultural encounters in a reflective manner.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Culturally Competent Care , Education, Nursing , Nursing Care , Human Migration , Chile , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Resumen Las actividades de promoción y prevención en Salud son relevantes en la Atención Primaria; no obstante, las relacionadas con el Programa de Salud Oral, en Chile, aparecen asociadas a los programas preventivos y no formando parte de ellos, situación que también ocurre en otros países. La presente revisión tiene como objetivos evidenciar las actuales políticas y lineamientos internacionales que indican que se debe propender a una Práctica Colaborativa Interprofesional para una mejor calidad en la atención; y proponer un trabajo interprofesional donde las acciones de promoción y prevención en Salud Bucal se incluyan en los programas preventivos existentes. La Práctica Colaborativa Interprofesional ocurre cuando los miembros del equipo de salud se organizan, planifican, gestionan y proporcionan servicios integrales de salud, evitando la fragmentación de los cuidados. Esto se logra estructurando las competencias comunes, colaborativas y específicas. El trabajo interdependiente permite complementar conocimientos y habilidades que contribuyen a cumplir con las políticas de Calidad de la Atención y Triple Meta en salud. De modo que, se proponen estrategias de trabajo en promoción y prevención de Salud Bucal a incorporar y ejecutar en los diversos programas preventivos ya existentes a lo largo del ciclo vital. En conclusión, es necesario un cambio de paradigma en la atención bucodental donde el foco ya no esté en el programa sino en el individuo, familia y comunidad para lograr una salud integral. Resulta relevante compartir experiencias de atención interprofesional y a incorporar la Educación Interprofesional y Practica Colaborativa en el proceso formativo de las futuras generaciones.
Abstract Health prevention and promotion actions are relevant in primary care; nevertheless, those related to the Oral Health Program in Chile are associated with preventive programs and are not part of them, which occurs in other countries as well. The objectives of this review are to display the current international policies and guidelines that indicate that an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice should be promoted for a better quality of care as well as to propose interprofessional work including promotion and prevention actions in Oral Health in the existing preventive programs. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice occurs when members of the health team organize, plan, manage and provide integral health services, avoiding fragmentation of care. This is achieved by structuring common, collaborative, and specific competencies. Interdependent work allows complementing knowledge and skills that contribute to comply with the policies of Quality of Care and Triple Aim in health. Therefore, work strategies in oral health promotion and prevention are proposed to be incorporated and implemented in the various preventive programs already in place throughout the life cycle. In conclusion, there is a need for a paradigm shift in oral health care, where the focus is no longer on the program but on the individual, family, and community to achieve comprehensive health. Finally, it becomes relevant to share experiences of interprofessional care, and incorporating Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice in the formative process of future generations.
Resumo As atividades de promoção e prevenção da saúde são relevantes na Atenção Básica; no entanto, aqueles relacionados ao Programa de Saúde Bucal no Chile aparecem associados aos programas preventivos e não fazem parte deles, situação que também ocorre em outros países. A presente revisão visa demonstrar as atuais políticas e diretrizes internacionais que indicam que uma Prática Interprofissional Colaborativa deve ser promovida para uma melhor qualidade de atendimento; e propor um trabalho interprofissional onde as ações de promoção e prevenção em Saúde Bucal estejam incluídas nos programas preventivos existentes. A Prática Colaborativa Interprofissional ocorre quando os membros da equipe de saúde organizam, planejam, gerenciam e prestam serviços de saúde integrais, evitando a fragmentação do cuidado. Isso é conseguido através da estruturação de competências comuns, colaborativas e específicas. O trabalho interdependente permite complementar conhecimentos e competências que contribuem para o cumprimento das políticas de Qualidade da Assistência e Triplo Objetivo em saúde. Assim, são propostas estratégias de trabalho na promoção e prevenção da Saúde Bucal a serem incorporadas e executadas nos diversos programas preventivos já existentes ao longo do ciclo vital. Conclui-se que é necessária uma mudança de paradigma na higiene bucal, onde o foco não seja mais o programa, mas sim o indivíduo, a família e a comunidade para o alcance da saúde integral. É relevante compartilhar experiências de cuidado interprofissional e incorporar a Educação Interprofissional e a Prática Colaborativa no processo de formação das futuras gerações.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: resignificar, a partir de la experiencia de atención a pacientes inmigrantes desarrollada por un grupo de profesionales sanitarios, los niveles de Competencia Cultural del Modelo de Terry Cross a fin de reorientar sus descripciones hacia el ámbito sanitario. Asimismo, se propuso determinar el nivel en que se encuentran dichos profesionales. Metodología: Diseño cualitativo con estudio de caso instrumental. Recogida de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados principales: Se establecieron tres niveles de Competencia Cultural que permitieron conforman el Modelo Confrontación, Resistencia y Apertura Cultural (CRAC) específico para profesionales sanitarios. Dichos niveles concuerdan con Incapacidad, Ceguera y Pre-competencia cultural del Modelo de Cross. El nivel alcanzado fue Pre-competencia cultural. Conclusión principal: El nivel en que se encuentran los profesionales sanitarios entrevistados, según el Modelo CRAC, evidencia los desafíos pendientes para proporcionar cuidados en perspectiva cultural. La solución podría comenzar abordando los vacíos formativos en el área. (AU)
Objective: To re-signify the levels of cultural competence of the Terry Cross model based on the experience received by healthcare professionals over the years of service on the care of immigrant patients, with the objective of redirecting the descriptions concerning the health field. Besides, a determination of the level at which these professionals are placed was proposed. Methods: Qualitative design with an instrumental case study. Data collection through semi-structured interviews. Results: Three levels of Cultural Competence were stablished, and constitute the Confrontation, Resistance, and Cultural Openness Model (CRAC) specific for health professionals. These levels coincide with the Incapacity, Blindness, and Cultural Pre-competence of the Cross Model. The level achieved was Pre-cultural competence. Conclusions: The level of the interviewed health professionals, according to the CRAC Model, shows the unresolved challenges to provide care from a cultural perspective. The solution could start by addressing training gaps in the area. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cultural Competency , Health Personnel , Emigrants and Immigrants , Interviews as Topic , 50230ABSTRACT
Tanto la formación en Competencia Intercultural como la Educación Interprofesional mejoran los resultados en salud. No se encontraron revisiones sistemáticas, en la literatura especializada, que analicen ambos factores juntos en los últimos diez años. Caracterizar aspectos metodológicos de investigaciones empíricas de Competencia Intercultural con Educación Interprofesional en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud, describir aspectos curriculares de la formación en Competencia Intercultural con Educación Interprofesional, y analizar la efectividad de dichas experiencias educativas. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, PubMed y ProQuest desde el 2010 a 2020. Existe un predominio de artículos realizados en Estados Unidos y Australia, con enfoque mixto, no experimentales, tamaño muestral acotado y uso de encuestas de percepción. Los contenidos abordaron el conocimiento intercultural general y la atención de salud, con experiencias de tipo extracurricular, presenciales, de corta duración y para un acotado número de carreras. Destacaron las estrategias de aprendizaje en equipo y Service Learning Experience. La efectividad de las experiencias educativas resultó poco concluyente; no obstante, se sugieren ciertas pautas en base a lo analizado. Resulta imprescindible desarrollar mayor investigación a nivel latinoamericano y que se incluyan las mejoras metodológicas señaladas. La formación debería focalizarse en desarrollar la autoconciencia cultural como base para la comprensión mutua, esto requiere de un equipo docente con competencias pedagógicas y culturales, además de sanitarias. Finalmente, es fundamental investigar sobre los factores que permiten un mayor desarrollo de estas competencias en el estudiantado.
There is a direct impact on health service outcomes when professionals are trained in intercultural competence and interprofessional education. No systematic reviews were found in the specialized literature that examined both factors together over the last ten years. To characterize the methodological aspects of empirical research regarding Intercultural Competence with Interprofessional Education in Health Sciences students, To describe the curricular aspects of training in Intercultural Competence with Interprofessional Education, and To analyze the effectiveness of said educational experiences. A systematic review of the Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, and ProQuest databases was carried out from 2010 to 2020. There is a predominance of articles composed in the United States and Australia, with a mixed approach, not experimental, limited sample size, and use of survey perception. The contents dealt with general intercultural knowledge and health care, with extracurricular, faceto-face, short-term experiences, and for a limited number of majors. Team learning strategies and stood out Service Learning Experience. The effectiveness of the educational experiences was inconclusive; however, certain guidelines are recommended based on what has been analyzed. It is crucial to develop more research at a Latin American level including the methodological improvements. Training should focus on developing cultural self-awareness as a basis for mutual understanding, this requires a teaching team with pedagogical and cultural skills, as well as health knowledge. Finally, it is fundamental to investigate the factors that allow more comprehensive development of these competencies in the student body.
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/standards , Teaching/organization & administration , Education, Medical/methods , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Competence/standards , Curriculum/standards , Health Sciences , Interdisciplinary Studies , MedicineABSTRACT
Introducción: Los desafíos actuales plantean desarrollar el aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud para prepararlos para un mundo cambiante y globalizado, al considerar que tienen a su cargo la vida de las personas. Objetivo: Caracterizar las investigaciones empíricas cuantitativas sobre aprendizaje autorregulado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Web of Science (WOS), Scopus y SciELO desde 2014 hasta 2019. De los 149 artículos encontrados, se seleccionaron 29. Resultados: Europa y Asia fueron los continentes con más frecuencia de publicaciones. Destacaron el diseño de tipo no experimental, la utilización del cuestionario de motivación y las estrategias de aprendizaje, y los tamaños muestrales de 51 a 100 y de 501 a 1000. Medicina y enfermería se mostraron como las carreras que más estudiaban el aprendizaje autorregulado. Las variables de mayor frecuencia resultaron las sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con el estudiante. El aprendizaje basado en problemas en formato intracurricular constituyó la metodología más usada para desarrollarlo. Las principales limitaciones reportadas tuvieron relación con el instrumento y la muestra. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar investigaciones en Sudamérica y establecer alianzas con otros países de la región, además de superar las limitaciones metodológicas. Se sugiere desarrollar diseños cuasi experimentales e investigar variables de tipo afectivas, sociales y culturales que podrían incidir en el aprendizaje autorregulado. Las metodologías activas deberían incluirse de manera permanente en los planes de estudio ya que existe evidencia de su efectividad. Se invita a todas las carreras de las ciencias de la salud a avanzar en esta área(AU)
Introduction: The current challenges pose developing self-regulated learning in health sciences students to prepare them for a changing and globalized world, considering that they are in charge of people's lives. Objective: To characterize the quantitative empirical research on self-regulated learning in health science students. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and SciELO databases from 2014 to 2019. We selected 29 out of 149 articles found. Results: Europe and Asia were the continents with the highest frequency of publications. The most significant findings were the non-experimental design, the use of motivational questionnaire, the learning strategies, and sample sizes of 51 to 100 and 501 to 1000. The medicine and nursing trainings were found to study self-regulated learning the most. The variables with the highest frequency were sociodemographic and those student-related. Problem-based learning in an intracurricular format was the most widely used methodology to develop it. The main limitations reported were related to the instrument and the sample. Conclusions: It is necessary to research in South America and to establish alliances with other countries in the region, in addition to overcoming methodological limitations. It is suggested to carry out quasi-experimental designs and investigate affective, social and cultural variables that could influence self-regulated learning. Active methodologies should be permanently included in the study plans as there is evidence of their effectiveness. All health sciences studies are invited to advance in this area(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Public Health , Health Sciences/education , Learning , Information Seeking BehaviorABSTRACT
Introducción: Para el estudiantado de enfermería el aprendizaje es complejo, y requiere integrar contenidos teóricos, procedimentales y actitudinales durante la etapa formativa, los cuales ejecutará posteriormente en un contexto real. El logro de estos saberes les debe garantizar a los alumnos el desempeño óptimo esperado para su nivel de formación. Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de motivación de los estudiantes de enfermería y su influencia en la concreción de sus logros, a partir de las estrategias de enseñanzas utilizadas en la asignatura Enfermería en salud familiar y comunitaria. Métodos: Se empleó una metodología mixta. La recogida de datos fue cuantitativa: se aplicó al estudiantado el cuestionario de motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje; y cualitativa: se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a los docentes de la asignatura. Resultados: Se comprobó que un porcentaje importante del estudiantado presentaban una amplia dispersión en la valoración de la motivación intrínseca, lo cual no se observó en la motivación extrínseca. Los datos cualitativos permitieron inferir que el trabajo activo por parte de los estudiantes se encontraba poco desarrollado y las evaluaciones realizadas por los docentes eran principalmente sumativas y dirigidas a los aspectos teóricos. Conclusiones: Los altos niveles de motivación extrínseca del estudiantado de enfermería se vinculan con las estrategias tradicionales de enseñanza del profesorado y la evaluación de competencias en la fase de formación estimula la mejora continua en su desempeño profesional(AU)
Introduction: For nursing students, learning is complex and requires integrating theoretical, procedural and attitudinal contents during the training stage, which they will use further in real settings. Achievement of this knowledge must guarantee students the optimal performance expected from their training level. Objective: To identify the levels of motivation of Nursing students and their influence on such achievements, based on the teaching strategies used in the subject Nursing in Family and Community Health. Methods: A mixed methodology was used. The data collection was quantitative: the motivation and learning strategies questionnaire was applied to the students; and qualitative: a semi-structured interview was conducted with the professors of the subject. Results: A significant percentage of the students were found to have a wide dispersion regarding the assessment of intrinsic motivation, which was not observed for extrinsic motivation. The qualitative data allowed to infer that the active work on the part of the students was poorly developed and that the evaluations carried out by the professors were mainly summative and aimed at theoretical aspects. Conclusions: The high levels of extrinsic motivation among Nursing students are associated with traditional teaching strategies used by the faculty. The evaluation of competences in the training stage stimulates continuous improvement in the students' professional performance(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching , Health Strategies , Knowledge , LearningABSTRACT
Introducción: Las carreras del área de la salud se caracterizan por tener una rigurosa base científica, que les aporta los fundamentos indispensables para que los futuros profesionales desarrollen investigaciones, especializaciones o profundizaciones en algún área determinada. El presente trabajo incorpora un foro virtual de participación libre y voluntaria para los estudiantes de la asignatura Diagnóstico Integrado de la carrera de Odontología, mediante un grupo cerrado de Facebook. Objetivo: Evaluar el progreso de la transferencia de aprendizajes y las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas en los estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, con la aplicación de la metodología de análisis de caso clínico mediante foro virtual. Métodos: Se trabajó con la metodología análisis de caso clínico para mejorar la transferencia del aprendizaje y se empleó una metodología mixta: cualitativa con análisis de contenido mediante grupos focales, y cuantitativa con método cuasi experimental de pre- y postest del Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje de los Estudiantes Universitarios. Participaron 68 estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura Diagnóstico Integrado en 2017 y que manifestaron su decisión de participar voluntariamente de manera escrita. Resultados: Mejoró la transferencia de aprendizajes en todos los estudiantes. Aquellos que participaron más en el foro obtuvieron mejor rendimiento en la asignatura. Todos reconocieron que resultó un aprendizaje significativo para su futuro desempeño profesional. El conocimiento declarativo y la consciencia aumentaron su media y porcentaje para las opciones positivas. En cambio, el conocimiento procedimental, el control y la autopoiesis disminuyeron su media, y aumentó el porcentaje para las opciones negativas y la indecisión. Conclusiones: La metodología desarrollada constituyó un acierto porque aumentó la transferencia de aprendizajes(AU)
Introduction: Health majors are characterized by having a rigorous scientific base, which provides them with the essential foundations for future professionals to develop research, specializations or deepening in a given area. The present work incorporates a virtual forum of free and voluntary participation for the students of the subject Integrated Diagnosis of the dental medicine major, through a closed Facebook group. Objective: To assess the progress of learning transfer of the cognitive and metacognitive strategies in the students of dental medicine from University of Concepción, with the application of the clinical case analysis methodology in a virtual forum. Method: The clinical case analysis methodology was used to improve learning transfer. A mixed methodology was used: qualitative with content analysis through focus groups and quantitative with quasi-experimental method of pre- and post-test with the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Learning Strategies of University Students. Sixty-eight students participated who took the Integrated Diagnosis course in 2017 and who expressed their decision to participate voluntarily through writing. Results: Learning transfer improved in all students. Those who participated more in the forum obtained better performance in the subject. All of them recognized that it was significant learning for their future professional performance. Declarative knowledge and awareness increased their mean and percentage values for positive options. In contrast, procedural knowledge, control and autopoiesis decreased their mean values, while the percentage values increased for negative options and indecision. Conclusions: The methodology developed was a success because it increased learning transfer(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Dental , Focus Groups , Methodology as a Subject , LearningABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Las redes sociales son cada vez más usadas en la enseñanza debido a su facilidad de uso, familiarización, accequibilidad, siendo posible el intercambio de información de manera instantánea y fácil desde teléfonos inteligentes. Por ello se diseñó y creó un foro virtual mediante un grupo cerrado de Facebook que funcionó de manera paralela a la asignatura. Objetivo: Evaluar la opinión de los estudiantes en relación al desarrollo de las habilidades actitudinales, cognitivas, autorreguladoras y metacognitivas mediante el foro virtual implementado, además de su percepción con respecto a la plataforma de Facebook. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo de tipo mixto. Cuantitativo con la aplicación de una encuesta de opinión tipo Likert creada por Andrei Fedorov (2008) y cualitativo mediante cuatro grupos focales. Participaron 68 estudiantes (28 hombres y 40 mujeres), que cursaron la asignatura Diagnóstico Integrado el año 2017, correspondiendo al 100% de ellos. Resultados: Para el 70% de las preguntas la opción más seleccionada fue -bastante-; a excepción de cuatro de la dimensión actitudinal donde la más frecuente fue -un poco-. Destacaron la plataforma de Facebook como una excelente idea para incentivar el aprendizaje, ofreciendo más ventajas que otras plataformas. Las desventajas mencionadas surgieron de los estudiantes con menor participación y regular/bajo rendimiento. Conclusión: El foro virtual, por medio de Facebook, permitió mejorar las dimensiones actitudinal, cognitiva, autorreguladora y metacognitiva, principalmente en mujeres y en aquellos que participaron más, obteniendo mejor rendimiento. Resultó ser una mejor plataforma virtual dada que es amigable, masiva e instantánea incentivando la motivación del estudiante.
Abstract Introduction: Social networks are increasingly used in education due to its ease of use, familiarization, accessibility, making it possible to exchange information instantly and easily from smartphones. For this reason, a virtual forum was designed and created through a closed group of Facebook that worked in parallel with the subject. Objective: To evaluate the opinion of students in relation to the development of attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulatory and metacognitive skills through the virtual forum implemented, as well as their perception regarding the Facebook platform. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study of mixed type. Quantitative with the application of a Likert opinion survey created by Andrei Fedorov (2008) and qualitative through four focus groups. 68 students participated (28 men and 40 women), who took the Integrated Diagnostic course in 2017, corresponding to 100% of them. Results: For 70% of the questions, the most selected option was -quite-; except for four of the attitudinal dimension where the most frequent was -a little-. They highlighted the Facebook platform as an excellent idea to encourage learning, offering more advantages than other platforms. The mentioned disadvantages arose from students with less participation and regular / low performance. Conclusion: The virtual forum, through Facebook, allowed to improve the attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulating and metacognitive dimensions, mainly in women and in those who participated more, obtaining better performance. It turned out to be a better virtual platform given that it is friendly, massive and instantaneous which encourages student motivation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Networking , Thinking , Attitude , Education, Dental , Discussion ForumsABSTRACT
Introducción: Un obstáculo al cual se enfrenta el estudiante de Odontología es la dificultad para interrelacionar los conocimientos que han aprendido de manera parcelada durante los dos primeros años de estudio, dificultando la transferencia de aprendizajes para reconocer la multicausalidad de factores presentes al momento de tratar al paciente de manera integral. La evidencia científica señala que una forma de lograrlo es que el estudiante posea estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas que le permitan un aprendizaje significativo. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas presentes en los alumnos de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción. Método: Metodología mixta; de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Un enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuantitativo mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario para la Evaluación de Estrategias de Aprendizaje de los Estudiantes universitarios (CEVEAPEU). Participaron 117 estudiantes que cursaron el tercer año entre el 2016 y 2017. Resultados : En lo cualitativo, los estudiantes destacaron varios aspectos positivos en la asignatura. No obstante, señalan la necesidad de incorporar herramientas que incentiven su participación y curiosidad, además de aumentar las oportunidades para integrar lo aprendido. Refirieron que utilizan una amplia variedad de estrategias de aprendizaje. Ello evidenció un aprendizaje significativo receptivo que no fomenta la transferencia de aprendizajes. En lo cuantitativo, existió una alta dispersión en las respuestas, tanto para estrategias cognitivas como metacognitivas, asimismo se evidenció una moda de 4 (de acuerdo) para la mayoría de las preguntas. Se demostró que los estudiantes no aseguran un alto nivel de adherencia a las aseveraciones planteadas. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes refirieron que utilizan una amplia variedad de estrategias de aprendizaje, sin embargo, no las adaptan cuando la situación de aprendizaje es más compleja. Los estudiantes no evidenciaron un alto nivel de adherencia a las aseveraciones planteadas en el CEVEAPEU. Por tanto, se logra un aprendizaje significativo receptivo que no fomenta la transferencia de aprendizajes(AU)
Introduction: One obstacle faced by the student of Dental Medicine is the difficulty to interrelate the knowledge they have learned separately during the first two years of study, making it difficult to transfer learning to recognize the multi-causality of factors present at the time of providing comprehensive treatment to the patient. Scientific evidence show that one way to achieve this is for the student to possess cognitive and metacognitive strategies that allow significant learning. Objective: To determine the level of cognitive and metacognitive strategies present in the dental students of Universidad de Concepción. Methods: Mixed methodology, of descriptive and cross-sectional type. A qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews, and quantitative approach through the application of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Learning Strategies of University Students (CEVEAPEU). 117 students participated who attended the third academic year between 2016 and 2017. Results: Qualitatively speaking, the students highlighted several positive aspects in the subject; however, they point out the need to incorporate tools that encourage their participation and curiosity, as well as increasing opportunities to integrate what they have learned. They reported that they use a wide variety of learning strategies. This showed a significant receptive learning that does not encourage the transfer of learning types. Quantitatively speaking, there was a high dispersion in the answers, both for cognitive and metacognitive strategies, as well as a trend of 4 (agreed) for most questions. The students were shown not to ensure a high level of adherence to their stated assertions. Conclusions: the students reported that they use a wide variety of learning strategies, but they do not adapt them when the learning situation is more complex. It was shown that students do not ensure a high level of adherence to the assertions made in the CEVEAPEU. Therefore, receptive significant learning is achieved that (AU)