ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The interest in the relationship between brain damage and social cognition has increased in recent years. The objectives of the present study were the following: (1) to evaluate and compare emotional facial recognition and subjective emotional experience in patients who have suffered a single ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere (RH) and in healthy people, (2) to analyze the relationship between both variables in both groups of subjects, and (3) to analyze the association between the cerebral location of the stroke and these two variables. METHODS: Emotional facial recognition and the subjective emotional experience of 41 patients who had suffered a single ischemic stroke in the RH and 45 volunteers without previous cerebrovascular pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: Brain damaged patients performed lower in facial emotional recognition and had a less intense subjective emotional response to social content stimuli compared to healthy subjects. Likewise, among patients with RH ischemic stroke, we observed negative associations between facial recognition of surprise and reactivity to unpleasant images, and positive associations between recognition of disgust and reactivity to pleasant images. Finally, patients with damage in the caudate nucleus of the RH presented a deficit in the recognition of happiness and sadness, and those with damage in the frontal lobe exhibited a deficit in the recognition of surprise, compared to those injured in other brain areas. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional facial recognition and subjective emotional experience are affected in patients who have suffered a single ischemic stroke in the RH. Professionals caring for stroke patients should improve their understanding of the general condition of affected persons and their environment, assess for risk of depression, and facilitate their adaptation to work, family, and social environments.
Subject(s)
Brain Injuries , Ischemic Stroke , Stroke , Humans , Emotions/physiology , Brain , Recognition, Psychology/physiology , Stroke/psychology , Facial ExpressionABSTRACT
Perceived social support (PSS) has been related to physical and mental well-being in typically developing individuals, but systematic characterizations of PSS in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are limited. We compared self-report ratings of the multidimensional scale of PSS (MSPSS) among age- and IQ-matched groups of adults (18-58 years) with cognitively high-functioning ASD (N = 41), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 69), and neurotypical controls (NC; N = 69). Accompanying group comparisons, we used machine learning random forest (RF) analyses to explore predictors among a range of psychopathological and socio-emotional variables. Relative to both ADHD and NC, adults with ASD showed lower MSPSS ratings, specifically for the friends subscale (MSPSS-f). Across ASD and ADHD, interindividual differences in autism severity, affective empathy, symptoms of anxiety related to social interactions, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and somatization best predicted MSPSS-f. These relationships did not differ between clinical groups. While group comparisons demonstrated greater impairment in individuals with ASD, analyzing individuals' characteristics revealed cross-diagnoses similarities in regard to their MSPSS-f relationships. This is consistent with the Research Domain Criteria framework, supporting a trans-diagnostic approach as on the path toward "precision medicine." Autism Res 2017, 10: 866-877. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology , Social Support , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , New York City , Self Report , Young AdultABSTRACT
La fobia a la alimentación, fobia a tragar o fobia a atragantarse es una patología frecuente en la clínica pero poco estudiada desde el punto de vista científico. Si bien este trastorno no se encuentra recogido en ninguna de las clasificaciones diagnósticas actuales, el interés despertado desde el ámbito clínico ha hecho proliferar numerosos estudios de casos. El objetivo de esta publicación es la presentación de un caso clínico, así como la intervención llevada a cabo desde el servicio de Salud Mental Infanto Juvenil en coordinación con Atención Primaria y Atención Temprana. Se trata de un varón de 30 meses de edad que presentaba rechazo a la ingesta de alimentos sólidos tras intervención con gastrostomía por reflujo gastroesofágico. Desde Salud Mental se puso en marcha un programa de modificación de conducta para la progresiva incorporación de alimentación vía oral y la retirada de alimentación vía parenteral. Se consiguió la total restitución de la alimentación oral a los seis meses de intervención
Feeding phobia; swallow phobia or chocking phobia are frequent pathologies in clinical practice but barely studied in a scientific way. Although this disease is not under any of the clinical classifications, it has drawn the clinicians' attention and it has generated a considerable body of research through clinical case studies. The purpose of this paper is the presentation of a clinical case and the intervention carried out from Childhood Mental Health Services in coordination with Primary Attention Services and Early Childhood Intervention Services. It is about a 30-months-old child who presented refusal behaviour to ingest solid food after an intervention with gastrostomy for gastroesophageal reflux. From Mental Health Services, a behavioural modification program was carried out, with de purpose of a progressive incorporation of oral feeding and the withdrawal of parental nutrition. It was achieved a complete restitution of oral feeding after six months of treatment
