In vivo antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potentials of Rivina humilis extract against streptozotocin induced diabetes and its complications in wistar rats.

Purpose: This current research study was designed to investigate beneficial effects of R. humilis (Rivina humilis) against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The R. humilis ethanol extract was prepared using soxhlet and its phenol content was determined. The type-2 diabetes was induced in rats by giving fructose mixed drinking water and single dose of streptozotocin. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after 72 h of streptozotocin to check ability of extract to utilize oral glucose load with 2 h. The extract was also tested for its potentials to reduce blood glucose (BGL) and diabetic complications by administering to diabetic rats for 21 days. Blood glucose was determined on day 1, 7, 14 and 21. At 21st day, blood samples were collected from experimental rats were euthanized to collect pancreas and liver. Liver and kidney function tests, HbAc1 and lipid profile was established from blood samples. Pancreas was subjected to histopathological examination and liver was used to determine antioxidant enzymes. In vitro study was done to investigate the effect of extract on glucose utilization by rat hemidiaphragm. Results: In OGTT, administration of extract could stimulate glucose utilization which was witnessed by significant BGL reduction at 90 and 120 min in therapeutic groups compare to diabetics. In chronic study, we observed significant reduction in BGL on 21st day and all tests performed to determine liver and kidney function, HbAc1, vitamin E were normal in extract treated groups. There was significant increase in liver antioxidant enzymes in therapeutic groups which revealed regeneration of ß-cells in therapeutic groups. Conclusion: The results of research demonstrated significant antidiabetic potentials in R. humilis. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01258-6.

Protective Effects of Sauropus Androgynus Leaf Extract against Isoproterenol Induced Cardiotoxicity.

The current research work focuses on the identification of cardioprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves. Sauropus androgynus leaves are being utilized in folk and ayurvedic medicines in India to treat cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infraction, atherosclerosis, and venous thrombosis. However, the cardioprotective effects associated with the leaf extract of this plant has not yet been established. METHODS: The identification of cardioprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus (EESA) leaves was performed using in vitro and in vivo models. The cell culture studies were performed using cardio myoblast cells (H9C2) and in vivo cardioprotective effects of EESA was assessed in albino wistar rats employing isoproterenol (ISO) as cardiotoxic agent. The animals were divided into six treatment groups and myocardial infraction was induced at 14th day followed by the treatment with therapeutic doses of EESA (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for next two days. Various biochemical and histopathological parameters were evaluated in animals kept under control and treatment groups. RESULTS: The in vitro cell line studies revealed a positive impact on H9C2 cells. The ethanolic extract of Sauropus androgynus depicted low toxicity on cardiomyoblast cells and significant proliferation was observed after treatment. The results from animal studies have shown 1.7 times reduction in serum LDH (151.9 ± 1.302) and CPK (237.6 ± 5.781) levels with EESA treated groups compared to toxic control. EESA also significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme levels, which are responsible for cardioprotective effects in animals. CONCLUSION: This research study reveals that EESA possess antioxidant activity and also provides a protective role against myocardial infarction induced by ISO. We conclude that EESA could be a potential candidate to prevent and treat cardiotoxic consequences of high catecholamine levels.

Sustainable biological system for the removal of high strength ammoniacal nitrogen and organic pollutants in poultry waste processing industrial effluent.

The effluent generated from poultry waste processing industries contains several organic compounds such as collagen, gelatin, bovine serum albumin, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, and so forth. This enabled the establishment of poultry waste processing industries to produce value-added products such as animal feed and organic fertilizers. During poultry waste processing, huge amounts of ammoniacal nitrogen and organic pollutants such as proteins, various carbohydrates, and fatty materials are discharged into the effluent stream which contributes to several environmental issues. Because of the shortcomings of the current conventional treatment, the present study is about with the development of a sequential bioreactor system for the effective treatment of poultry waste processing industrial effluent. Facultative anaerobe Paracoccus pantotrophus FMR19 along with the indigenous isolate Bacillus albus MN527241 obtained from clarifying sludge was used as mixed consortia for the treatment of poultry waste processing industrial effluent. The mixed microbial consortia resulted in the maximum activity of enzymes such as protease (247 U/mL) and lipase (28.266 U/mL) thereby achieving 90% of ammoniacal nitrogen reduction and 98% of COD removal within five days. Further, the confirmatory analysis of poultry effluent treatment was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and SDS-PAGE. Hence, the sequential bioreactor-based treatment approach has proved to be highly effective in removal of organic pollutants in the poultry waste processing industrial effluent.Implications: The poultry waste processing industrial (PWPI) effluent contains huge ammoniacal nitrogen and COD and affects the environment. Aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor and up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor are in current practice and shows considerable reduction in the ammoniacal nitrogen and COD in long retention time. Therefore, there is a need of sustainable treatment process that could effectively remove the organic pollutants from the effluent in short duration. Our study focused on the application of sequential bioreactor approach for the treatment of PWPI using aerobic followed by anaerobic treatment process and observed efficient organic pollutants removal in short duration.