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1.
Viruses ; 15(4)2023 04 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37112998

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity gradually increased after the first week of symptoms. Magnitude of RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies identified in a competitive assay and neutralizing antibodies detected by PRNT assay correlated with disease severity. Generally, the IgA and total IgG response between the discharged and deceased COVID-19 patients was similar. However, significant differences in the ratio of IgG subclass antibodies were observed between discharged and deceased patients, especially towards the disordered linker region of the N protein. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to an elevated blood antibody response in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Monitoring of antigen-specific serological response could be an important tool to accompany disease progression and improve outcomes.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Antibodies, Viral , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin A , Immunoglobulin M , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
2.
Acta amaz ; 50(4): 346-354, out. - dez. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146380

ABSTRACT

Fungos filamentosos tem sido alvo de estudos de bioprospecção devido à sua grande eficiencia em produzir enzimas extracelulares, as quais tem grande potencial para uso em bioindústrias. Neste estudo, fungos filamentosos foram isolados do intestino de larvas de insetos aquáticos da Amazônia, para avaliar sua atividade celulolítica. Foram coletadas 69 larvas de insetos aquáticos fragmentadores de três gêneros: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera:Leptoceridae) e Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) em dez igarapés de uma área protegida na Amazônia central brasileira. O crescimento dos fungos isolados foi feito em meio de cultura Ágar Batata Dextrose (BDA). Os isolados fúngicos foram transferidos para o meio sintético com Carboximetil celulose e utilizou-se vermelho Congo para determinar o índice enzimático. O halo de hidrólise, indicando a produção de celulases, foi observado em 175 isolados fúngicos (70% do total), dos quais 25 tiveram um índice enzimático ≥ 2,0 e pertencem a sete gêneros fúngicos. Os táxons fúngicos Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma e Umbelopsis foram isolados dos intestinos das larvas de Phylloicus, Triplectides e Stenochironomus e são tradicionalmente utilizados em aplicações biotecnológicas. Os resultados indicam um potencial celulolítco destes fungos associados ao intestino de insetos aquáticos amazônicos. (AU)


Subject(s)
Cellulase , Amazonian Ecosystem , Hydrolysis
3.
Acta amaz. ; 50(4): 346-354, out.-dez. 2020. mapas, tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29014

ABSTRACT

Filamentous fungi have been targeted by bioprospecting studies because they are effective producers of extracellular enzymes that can potentially be used by the bioindustry. In this study, we isolated filamentous fungi from the guts of Amazonian aquatic insect larvae to evaluate their cellulolytic activity. We collected 69 larvae of shredder insects of three genera: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in ten streams from a protected area in the central Brazilian Amazon. Production of mycelia was elaborated in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. The isolates were transferred to a synthetic medium with carboxymethyl cellulose, and Congo red was used to determine the enzymatic index. The hydrolysis halo, indicating the production of cellulases, was observed in 175 fungal isolates (70% of the total), of which 25 had an enzymatic index 2.0 and belonged to seven fungal genera. The fungal taxa Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis were isolated from guts of Phylloicus, Triplectides and Stenochironomus, which are traditionally used in biotechnological applications. Our results indicate the cellulolytic potential of fungi associated with the guts of aquatic Amazonian insects.(AU)


Fungos filamentosos tem sido alvo de estudos de bioprospecção devido à sua grande eficiencia em produzir enzimas extracelulares, as quais tem grande potencial para uso em bioindústrias. Neste estudo, fungos filamentosos foram isolados do intestino de larvas de insetos aquáticos da Amazônia, para avaliar sua atividade celulolítica. Foram coletadas 69 larvas de insetos aquáticos fragmentadores de três gêneros: Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) e Stenochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) em dez igarapés de uma área protegida na Amazônia central brasileira. O crescimento dos fungos isolados foi feito em meio de cultura Ágar Batata Dextrose (BDA). Os isolados fúngicos foram transferidos para o meio sintético com Carboximetil celulose e utilizou-se vermelho Congo para determinar o índice enzimático. O halo de hidrólise, indicando a produção de celulases, foi observado em 175 isolados fúngicos (70% do total), dos quais 25 tiveram um índice enzimático 2,0 e pertencem a sete gêneros fúngicos. Os táxons fúngicos Cladosporium, Gliocephalotrichum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Talaromyces, Trichoderma e Umbelopsis foram isolados dos intestinos das larvas de Phylloicus, Triplectides e Stenochironomus e são tradicionalmente utilizados em aplicações biotecnológicas. Os resultados indicam um potencial celulolítco destes fungos associados ao intestino de insetos aquáticos amazônicos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Insecta/anatomy & histology , Insecta/microbiology , Fungi , Hydrolysis
4.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 39(4): 489-496, Oct.-Dec.2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-18159

ABSTRACT

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacillus, anaerobic facultative belonging to the familyEnterobacteriaceae. S. marcescens strains are able to grow in the presence of different xenobiotic compounds,among them, petroleum and heavy metals. Xenobiotic resistant strains develop concomitant resistance tomultiple antibiotics, referred to as co-resistance. The AMS212 strain was submitted to the microplatequalitative DCPIP - redox 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol method. The quantitative test was carried out inErlenmeyer flasks, followed by the change of color with the absorbance readings, trough the colorimetricmethod. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer method. In the qualitativeassay, the AMS212 strain altered the color of the DCPIP, which changed from blue to colorless,confirming that petroleum biodegradation occurred. In the quantitative test, the readings were decreasing,confirming that the concentration of DCPIP decreased as a function of the incubation time. Thesusceptibility test revealed that the AMS212 strain presented multiresistance to four different antibiotics. S.marcescens presented high performance in the biodegradation of petroleum, opening possibility to use it inprojects involving the remediation of impacted areas. The expression of the antibiotic co-resistancephenotype confirms that the AMS212 strain is able to withstand different environmental aggressions.(AU)


Serratia marcescens é um bacilo Gram-negativo, anaeróbio facultativo, pertencente à famíliaEnterobacteriaceae. Linhagens de S. marcescens são capazes de crescer na presença de diferentes compostosxenobióticos, dentre eles, petróleo e metais pesados. Linhagens resistentes a xenobióticos desenvolvemconcomitante resistência a múltiplos antibióticos, denominada corresistência. A linhagem AMS212 foisubmetida ao método colorimétrico com indicador DCPIP - redox 2,6 diclorofenol indofenol, qualitativo,em microplacas. O teste quantitativo foi realizado em frascos Erlenmeyer, acompanhando-se a mudança decoloração, com as leituras das absorbâncias. Avaliou-se o perfil de resistência a antibióticos pelo método deKirby-Bauer. No ensaio qualitativo, a linhagem AMS212 alterou a cor do DCPIP, que passou de azul paraincolor, confirmando que ocorreu biodegradação do petróleo. No teste quantitativo, as leituras foramdecrescentes, confirmando que a concentração do DCPIP diminuiu em função do tempo de incubação. O testede susceptibilidade revelou que a linhagem AMS212 apresenta multirresistência a quatro antibióticos diferentes.S. marcescens apresentou alto desempenho na biodegradação do petróleo, abrindo possibilidade de utilizá-la emprojetos envolvendo a remediação de áreas impactadas. A expressão do fenótipo de corresistência a antibióticosconfirma que a linhagem AMS212 é capaz de resistir a diferentes agressões ambientais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Serratia marcescens/chemistry , Serratia marcescens/pathogenicity , Anti-Infective Agents
5.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; Acta sci., Biol. sci;39(4): 489-496, Oct. - Dec. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-877789

ABSTRACT

Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative bacillus, anaerobic facultative belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. S. marcescens strains are able to grow in the presence of different xenobiotic compounds, among them, petroleum and heavy metals. Xenobiotic resistant strains develop concomitant resistance to multiple antibiotics, referred to as co-resistance. The AMS212 strain was submitted to the microplate qualitative DCPIP - redox 2,6 dichlorophenol indophenol method. The quantitative test was carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks, followed by the change of color with the absorbance readings, trough the colorimetric method. The antibiotic resistance profile was evaluated by the Kirby -Bauer method. In the qualitative assay, the AMS212 strain altered the color of the DCPIP, which changed from blue to colorless, confirming that petroleum biodegradation occurred. In the quantitative test, the readings were decreasing, confirming that the concentration of DCPIP decreased as a function of the incubation time. The susceptibility test revealed that the AMS212 strain presented multiresistance to four different antibiotics. S. marcescens presented high performance in the biodegradation of petroleum, opening possibility to use it in projects involving the remediation of impacted areas. The expression of the antibiotic co-resistance phenotype confirms that the AMS212 strain is able to withstand different environmental aggressions.


Serratia marcescens é um bacilo Gram-negativo, anaeróbio facultativo, pertencente à família Enterobacteriaceae. Linhagens de S. marcescens são capazes de crescer na presença de diferentes compostos xenobióticos, dentre eles, petróleo e metais pesados. Linhagens resistentes a xenobióticos desenvolvem concomitante resistência a múltiplos antibióticos, denominada corresistência. A linhagem AMS212 foi submetida ao método colorimétrico com indicador DCPIP - redox 2,6 diclorofenol indofenol, qualitativo, em microplacas. O teste quantitativo foi realizado em frascos Erlenmeyer, acompanhando-se a mudança de coloração, com as leituras das absorbâncias. Avaliou-se o perfil de resistência a antibióticos pelo método de Kirby-Bauer. No ensaio qualitativo, a linhagem AMS212 alterou a cor do DCPIP, que passou de azul para incolor, confirmando que ocorreu biodegradação do petróleo. No teste quantitativo, as leituras foram decrescentes, confirmando que a concentração do DCPIP diminuiu em função do tempo de incubação. O teste de susceptibilidade revelou que a linhagem AMS212 apresenta multirresistência a quatro antibióticos diferentes. S. marcescens apresentou alto desempenho na biodegradação do petróleo, abrindo possibilidade de utilizá-la em projetos envolvendo a remediação de áreas impactadas. A expressão do fenótipo de corresistência a antibióticos confirma que a linhagem AMS212 é capaz de resistir a diferentes agressões ambientais.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Biodegradation, Environmental , Serratia marcescens
6.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; Electron. j. biotechnol;19(6): 21-25, Nov. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840308

ABSTRACT

Background: Xylitol is a five carbons polyol with promising medical applications. It can be obtained from chemical D-xylose reduction or by microbial fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate. For this last process, some microbial inhibitors, as furfural, constitute severe bottleneck. In this case, the use of strains able to produce xylitol simultaneously to furfural neutralization is an interesting alternative. A wild-type strain of Geotrichum sp. was detected with this ability, and its performance in xylitol production and furfural consumption was evaluated. Furthermore, were analyzed its degradation products. Results: Geotrichum sp. produced xylitol from D-xylose fermentation with a yield of 0.44 g-g-1. Furfural was fully consumed in fermentation assay and when provided in the medium until concentration of 6 g-L-1. The furfural degradation product is not an identified molecule, presenting a molecular weight of 161 g-mol-1, an uncommon feature for the microbial metabolism of this product. Conclusion: This strain presents most remarkable potential in performing furfural consumption simultaneous to xylitol production. Subsequent efforts must be employed to establish bioprocess to simultaneous detoxification and xylitol production by Geotrichum sp.


Subject(s)
Furaldehyde/metabolism , Geotrichum/metabolism , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Xylitol/biosynthesis , Xylose/metabolism , Fermentation
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