ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Carrying out a correct anatomical classification of lung cancer is crucial to take clinical and therapeutic decisions in each patient. AIM: TNM staging classification provides an accurate anatomical description about the extension of the disease; however, the anatomical burden of the disease is just one aspect that changes the prognosis. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: TNM staging classification is a tool that predicts survival, but we must consider that TNM is just one of the factors that concern the prognosis. The impact of a factor over the prognosis is complex due to: It depends on the specific environment, the treatment strategy, among others, and our level of certainty makes difficult to include all the factors just in a group of stages. In some groups, there are difficulties to get large series due to the low frequency of cases and the small number of events (metastasis, locoregional recurrence). It does not allow to obtain evidence in a short period of time. On the other hand, in the next years, new markers will be incorporated in the coming years, which are going to be included in the new TNM classification. It could help to improve the classification giving more information about prognosis and risk of recurrence. All these aspects are being used by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) to develop a new prognosis model. This continues the evolution of TNM system, allows us to overcome the difficulties, and build a flexible framework enough to continue improving the individual prognosis of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Objetivos. Realizar una evaluación comparativa de la condición de tabaquismo en el personal de planta del Hospital del Carmen (provincia de Mendoza) con encuestas nacionales de la población general (Argentina) durante un período de 15 años. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional y retrospectivo, comprendido entre 1997 y 2012. Se realizó una encuesta sobre tabaquismo en tres períodos puntuales (1997-2004-2012), fueron comparadas entre sí y a su vez con las encuestas nacionales. Resultados. Se observó una disminución en el porcentaje de fumadores actuales, tanto en el personal de salud como en la población general (13,5 y 17,7% respectivamente);a su vez se observó un reducción del porcentaje de extabaquistas en el personal de salud (8,3%) y la población general (10,1%). En el personal de salud se observó un aumento del número de personas que nunca fumaron estadísticamente significativo (p=0,0067) del 21,8% y en la población general del 27,8%. Conclusiones. Se ha producido un cambio generacional positivo, observándose un aumento del número de personas que nunca fumaron; por lo tanto, se deben mantener las políticas de prevención para que los cambios sean perdurables en el tiempo (AU)
Goals. Perform a comparative evaluation on the smoking condition on the house staff of the Carmen Hospital (province of Mendoza) with national surveys of the general population (Argentina) during a 15-yearperiod.Equipment and methods. Observational and retrospective study, between 1997 and 2012. A survey regarding smoking was performed in three specific periods (1997-2004-2012). They were compared with each other and also with national surveys. Results: A decrease in the percentage of Current Smokers was observed in the health care staff as well as in the general population (13.5 and 17.7, respectively). A decrease in the percentage of former smoker was also observed in the health care staff (8.3%) as well as the general population (10.1%). Among health care workers, a statistically significant increase in the number of people who never smoked was noted (p=0.0067), at 21.8%, and in the general population it was 27.8%.Conclusions. A positive generation change was noted in the increase of the number of people who have never smoked, reason why the prevention policies should be maintained, so the changes will endure over time (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking/epidemiology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Argentina/epidemiology , Morbidity Surveys , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El lipoma endobronquial es un tumor benigno extremadamente raro, que suele causar síntomas por obstrucción bronquial. En la tomografía computarizada de tórax se presenta como una masa homogénea de densidad grasa que no capta contraste. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza con broncoscopia y biopsia del tumor. El tratamiento de elección es la resección por vía endoscópica. Presentamos un caso de lipoma endobronquial en una paciente de 74 años, con antecedente de carcinoma papilar de tiroides, resecado por vía endoscópica(AU)
Endobronchial lipoma is an extremely rare benign tumour, which usually causes symptoms related with bronchial obstruction. Chest computed tomography shows a homogeneous mass with fat density and without contrast enhancement. Definitive diagnosis is made with bronchoscopy and biopsy of the tumour. The treatment of choice is endoscopic resection. We present a case of an endobronchial lipoma in a 74 year old patient, with a medical history of papilar thyroidgl and carcinoma, resected endoscopically(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Lipoma/diagnosis , Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lipoma/surgery , Bronchial Neoplasms/surgery , Airway Obstruction/etiology , BronchoscopyABSTRACT
Endobronchial lipoma is an extremely rare benign tumour, which usually causes symptoms related with bronchial obstruction. Chest computed tomography shows a homogeneous mass with fat density and without contrast enhancement. Definitive diagnosis is made with bronchoscopy and biopsy of the tumour. The treatment of choice is endoscopic resection. We present a case of an endobronchial lipoma in a 74 year-old patient, with a medical history of papilar thyroid gland carcinoma, resected endoscopically.
Subject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms , Lipoma , Aged , Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bronchial Neoplasms/surgery , Bronchoscopy , Female , Humans , Lipoma/diagnostic imaging , Lipoma/surgery , RadiographyABSTRACT
El nacimiento por cesárea se ha incrementado en forma alarmante en los últimos años, debido a una multiplicidad de factores responsables de esa situación
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Dystocia , Fetal DistressABSTRACT
El nacimiento por cesárea se ha incrementado en forma alarmante en los últimos años, debido a una multiplicidad de factores responsables de esa situación
