Mapping of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in outdoor environment and comparing with reference levels for general public health.

In this study, radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure levels were measured on the main streets in the city center of Diyarbakir, Turkey. Measured electric field levels were plotted on satellite imagery of Diyarbakir and were compared with exposure guidelines published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Exposure measurements were performed in dense urban, urban and suburban areas each day for 7 consecutive days. The measurement system consisted of high precision and portable spectrum analyzer, three-axis electric field antenna, connection cable and a laptop which was used to record the measurement samples as a data logger. The highest exposure levels were detected for two places, which are called Diclekent and Batikent. It was observed that the highest instantaneous electric field strength value for Batikent was 7.18 V/m and for Diclekent was 5.81 V/m. It was statistically determined that the main contributor band to the total exposure levels was Universal Mobile Telecommunications System band. Finally, it was concluded that all measured exposure levels were lower than the reference levels recommended by ICNIRP for general public health.

A large-scale measurement, analysis and modelling of electromagnetic radiation levels in the vicinity of GSM/UMTS base stations in an urban area.

The present study analyses the electric field radiating from the GSM/UMTS base stations located in central Malatya, a densely populated urban area in Turkey. The authors have conducted both instant and continuous measurements of high-frequency electromagnetic fields throughout their research by using non-ionising radiation-monitoring networks. Over 15,000 instant and 13,000,000 continuous measurements were taken throughout the process. The authors have found that the normal electric field radiation can increase ∼25% during daytime, depending on mobile communication traffic. The authors' research work has also demonstrated the fact that the electric field intensity values can be modelled for each hour, day or week with the results obtained from continuous measurements. The authors have developed an estimation model based on these values, including mobile communication traffic (Erlang) values obtained from mobile phone base stations and the temperature and humidity values in the environment. The authors believe that their proposed artificial neural network model and multivariable least-squares regression analysis will help predict the electric field intensity in an environment in advance.

Enhanced endometrial response to a magnetic intrauterine device: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an intrauterine device producing a static magnetic field on the endometrial histology of rats. METHODS: The experiments involved 20 adult female Wistar albino rats that were divided into five groups. Group 1 was sham-operated; Groups 2, 3 and 4 had a copper intrauterine device (IUD), an uncovered intrauterine magnet (IUM) or an intrauterine silicone-coated IUM, respectively, inserted into one of the uterine horns; in Group 5 an uncovered IUM was implanted subcutaneously. Six days later the rats were sacrificed; endometrial and subcutaneous tissues were harvested and examined microscopically. RESULTS: Copper IUDs caused classical cellular infiltration through the endometrium. IUMs, producing a static magnetic field, also caused leucocyte and monocyte infiltration of the endometrium and, in addition, a significant leucocyte accumulation over the endometrial surface. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study reveals that an intrauterine magnet induces the accumulation of leucocytes in the uterine cavity in addition to the classic stromal infiltration caused by commercially available nonmagnetic IUDs. This activity could contribute to a greater efficacy of intrauterine contraception and should be investigated further.