ABSTRACT
Herein, a novel series of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidines and condensed pyrimidines analogues were prepared. All the synthesized compounds (1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-r and 5a-c) were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity by the National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA) against 60 cell lines. Compound 1c showed promising anticancer activity and was selected for the five-dose testing. Results demonstrated that compound 1c possessed broad spectrum anti-cancer activity against the nine cancerous subpanels tested with selectivity ratio ranging from 0.7 to 39 at the GI50 level with high selectivity towards leukaemia. Mechanistic studies showed that Compound 1c showed comparable activity to Duvelisib against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 0.0034 and 0.0025 µM, respectively) and arrested cell cycle at the S phase and displayed significant increase in the early and late apoptosis in HL60 and leukaemia SR cells. The necrosis percentage showed a significant increase from 1.13% to 3.41% in compound 1c treated HL60 cells as well as from 1.51% to 4.72% in compound 1c treated leukaemia SR cells. Also, compound 1c triggered apoptosis by activating caspase 3, Bax, P53 and suppressing Bcl2. Moreover, 1c revealed a good safety profile against human normal lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38 cells). Molecular analysis of Duvelisib and compound 1c in PI3K was performed. Finally, these results suggest that 2-thiopyrimidine derivative 1c might serve as a model for designing novel anticancer drugs in the future.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Leukemia , Humans , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Cell Proliferation , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Molecular Docking SimulationABSTRACT
A series of benzo[h]chromenes, benzo[f]chromenes, and benzo[h]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared. All the newly synthesised compounds were selected by National Cancer Institute for single-dose testing against 60 cell lines. Benzo[h]chromenes 5a and 6a showed promising anti-cancer activity and selected for the five-dose testing. Compounds 5a and 6a suppressed cell growth in HL-60 by the induction of cell cycle arrest, which was confirmed using flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays showed at the G1/S phase by regulating the expression of CDK-2/CyclinD1, triggering cell apoptosis by activating both the extrinsic (Fas/Caspase 8) and intrinsic (Bcl-2/Caspase 3) apoptosis pathways, which were determined by the western blot. Benzo[h]chromenes 5a and 6a decreased the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, CDK-2, and CyclinD1 and increased the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8, and Fas. In silico molecular analysis of compounds 5a and 6a in CDK-2 and Bcl-2 was performed.
Subject(s)
Benzopyrans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Humans , HL-60 Cells , Benzopyrans/pharmacology , Molecular Docking Simulation , Caspase 8 , Caspase 3 , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Current medical approaches to control the Covid-19 pandemic are either to directly target the SARS-CoV-2 via innovate a defined drug and a safe vaccine or indirectly target the medical complications of the virus. One of the indirect strategies for fighting this virus has been mainly dependent on using anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for severe health complications. We revealed the discovery of novel fused pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results revealed that 3a, 4b, and 8e were the most potent analogues. Molecular docking and simulations of these compounds against COX-2, TLR-2 and TLR-4 respectively was performed. The former results were in line with the biological data and proved that 3a, 4b and 8e have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Pandemics , Pyrimidines , Pyrroles , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
In an effort to discover potent anticancer agents, 2-thiouracil-5-sulfonamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of all synthesized compounds was investigated against four human cancer cell lines viz A-2780 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and HepG2 (liver). Compounds 6b,d-g, and 7b showed promising anticancer activity and significant inhibition of CDK2A. Moreover, they were all safe when tested on WI38 normal cells with high selectivity index for cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis for the most active compound 6e displayed induction of cell growth arrest at G1/S phase (A-2780 cells), S phase (HT-29 and MCF-7 cells), and G2/M phase (HepG2 cells) and stimulated the apoptotic death of all cancer cells. Moreover, 6e was able to cause cycle arrest indirectly through enhanced expression of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Finally, molecular docking of compound 6e endorsed its proper binding to CDK2A, which clarifies its potent anticancer activity.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Sulfonamides/chemistry , Thiouracil/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Drug Design , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Neoplasms/enzymology , Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
Inflammation is associated with the development of several diseases comprising cancer and cardiovascular disease. Agents that suppress cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, besides chemokines have been suggested to minimise inflammation. Here, a variety of novel heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic compounds were prepared from novel three furanone derivatives. The structures of all synthesised compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral analysis including mass, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Anti-inflammatory activities of these synthesised compounds were examined in vitro against COX enzymes, 15-LOX, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), using inhibition screening assays. The majority of these derivatives showed significant to high activities, with three pyridazinone derivatives (5b, 8b, and 8c) being the most promising anti-inflammatory agents with dual COX-2/15-LOX inhibition activities along with high TNF-α inhibition activity.
Subject(s)
4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , 4-Butyrolactone/chemical synthesis , 4-Butyrolactone/chemistry , 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Humans , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pyrroles and fused pyrroles are of great interest as biologically active compounds, among these activities; antidepressant activity is of special concern. OBJECTIVE: Synthesis of a series of pyrrolopyrazoles and their pyrimidine derivatives and their characterization using spectral data to be monitored for antidepressant activity using behavioral techniques. METHODS: A control group was administered the vehicle i.p., positive control group received fluoxetine as standard and all other groups were administered the tested compounds. The groups were subjected to tail suspension test (TST) to determine the antidepressant activity compared with fluoxetine as a standard drug. The compounds exhibiting antidepressant activity were then used to analyze changes in serotonin (5HT) level in the brain of albino mice. RESULTS: TST results showed that both pyrazoles and pyrazolopyrimidines derivatives exhibit promising anti-depressant activity. CONCLUSION: Compounds [pyrazoles & pyrazlopyrimidines] showed promising antidepressant activity possibly mediated by the increased levels of 5HT.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/chemical synthesis , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/chemistry , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Mice , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Rats , Serotonin/metabolismABSTRACT
AIMS: Pyrrole derivatives represent a very interesting class as biologically active compounds. The objective of our study was to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects and antioxidant activity of the newly synthesized pyrrole derivatives. METHOD: A series of novel pyrroles and fused pyrroles (tetrahydroindoles, pyrrolopyrimidines, pyrrolopyridines and pyrrolotriazines) were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis techniques. The antiproliferative activity of our synthesized compounds and their modulatory effect apoptotic pathway were investigated. The effect on cellular proliferation and viability was monitored by resazurin assay. Apoptotic effect was evaluated by caspase glo 3/7 assay. Synthesized compounds are then tested for their anticancer activities against three different cell lines representing three different tumor types, namely; the HepG-2 (Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line), the human MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer) and the pancreatic resistant Panc-1 cells. RESULT: Compounds Ia-e, IIe, and IXc, d showed a promising anti-cancer activity on all tested cell lines. Antioxidant and wound healing invasion assays were examined for promising anticancer candidate compounds.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Pyrroles/chemistry , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antioxidants/chemical synthesis , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Caspases/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/metabolism , Pyrroles/chemical synthesis , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Viral gastroenteritis is a serious viral infection which affects a large number of individuals around the world, most of them being children. The infection may occur due to different viruses, for example, coxsackievirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus. There is no available cure for such infections, and the treatment mainly depends on hospitalization and administration of nutritional supports. A new antiviral agent against gastroenteritis viral infection will be a breakthrough in healthcare. Pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives are well known for their biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agents. These compounds also proved to possess antiviral activity. Here, we synthesized novel pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine compounds and examined their antiviral activity. We synthesized several new pyrrole, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, and pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives. The characterization of all synthesized compounds was based on microanalysis and spectral data. Moreover, we determined the non-toxic doses of these compounds on BGM, Hep-2, and MA-104 cells. We tested all the synthesized compounds for their antiviral activities against coxsackievirus B4, adenovirus type 7, and rotavirus Wa strain. Several compounds exhibited significant activities as antiviral agents.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Gastroenteritis/drug therapy , Gastroenteritis/virology , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Pyrroles/chemical synthesis , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Adenoviridae/drug effects , Adenoviridae/growth & development , Antiviral Agents/toxicity , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Design , Enterovirus B, Human/drug effects , Enterovirus B, Human/growth & development , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Molecular Structure , Pyrimidines/toxicity , Pyrroles/toxicity , Rotavirus/drug effects , Rotavirus/growth & development , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
There are currently no clinically useful inhibitors against metallo-ß-lactamases (MBLs), enzymes that confer resistance against a broad spectrum of commonly used antibiotics and that are produced by an increasing number of bacterial pathogens. New pyrrole derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of the IMP-1 MBL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Six compounds tested (3a-3c, 5, 7 and 8) show micromolar inhibition constants (K(i) values range from â¼10 to 30 µM). In silico docking was employed to investigate the binding mode of the strongest inhibitor, 3b, in the active site of IMP-1. Implications for further improvements of binding efficiency and specificity are discussed.