Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Obese Young Adult Population in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objectives: We aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese young adults in Saudi Arabia and to analyze the association between different body mass indexes and the severity of periodontal disease. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 307 obese patients aged 18-39 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥30. Demographic variables for periodontal disease, anthropometric parameters such as BMI along with clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index-simplified, community periodontal index (CPI) score and loss of attachment (LOA), were assessed. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors for chronic periodontitis in obese young adults between 18-40 years of age. Results: The majority of the participants (71.3%) had periodontal disease. Obese and extremely obese patients together showed a statistically significant difference in the age group of 21-30 years in terms of CPI score for inflammation (p < 0.05) and LOA (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR: 3.180; 95%CL: 1.337-7.561; p <.001), occasional dental visit (OR: 5.965; 95%CL: 3.130-11.368; p < 0.001), smoking >10 cigarettes (OR: 11.868; 95%CL: 3.588-39.254; p < 0.001) and poor oral hygiene status (OR: 17.250; 95%CL: 6.958-42.764; p < 0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of having periodontal disease. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients among the Saudi Arabian population.

Minimally Invasive Treatment of White Spot Lesions--A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive methods for the treatment of white-spot lesions involving fluorides, CPP-ACP (casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate) and resin infiltration vs a placebo or control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to predetermined criteria, four databases were searched for eligible studies. References of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched for any missed publications. RESULTS: Eight randomised controlled trials were selected as eligible studies, and only qualitative analyses were performed because of the diversity of the interventions and outcome measures. Three studies showed significant effects of three different fluoride preparations and used DIAGNOdent and ICDAS to assess the white spot lesions. Both studies comparing resin infiltration to a placebo showed significant effects in treating white spot lesions. One study using CPP-ACP showed a significant improvement in the lesions post treatment. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests minimally invasive treatment modalities of white spot lesions produced significant improvement in the appearance and regression of white spot lesions following treatment when compared to a control or placebo.