Subject(s)
Cadaver , Forensic Pathology/methods , Mass Casualty Incidents , Algorithms , Databases, Factual , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
The peculiarities and techniques of craniofacial identification using lifetime video and X-ray photographs presented as comparative materials are examined.
Subject(s)
Forensic Anthropology/methods , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Forensic Pathology/methods , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/pathology , Cephalometry , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Facial Bones/pathology , Humans , Models, Anatomic , Photography , RussiaSubject(s)
Forensic Medicine/trends , Forensic Sciences/trends , Biomedical Research/trends , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
The problems and errors in personal identifications in rescue work after accidents with a large number of human victims are considered. The order of actions of forensic medical experts in personal identification in emergency situation is proposed.
Subject(s)
Accidents , Disasters , Forensic Anthropology/methods , HumansABSTRACT
Organizational aspects of the forensic medical expertise of fragmented corpses in cases of huge death-rolls are discussed. Algorithm of identification examinations; principle requirements applicable to expert's examinations in cases when the objects of examination are brought in within some time intervals; as well as peculiarities and methods of registration, of separate examinations and of classification of objects are under consideration.
Subject(s)
Cadaver , Disasters , Forensic Medicine , Autopsy/methods , Forensic Medicine/methods , Forensic Medicine/organization & administration , Humans , RussiaABSTRACT
The article deals with the peculiarities of person identification of the great number of unidentified bodies subjected to considerable destruction and fragmentation and of the remains from the group burial places. The main principles of organization and conduction of objects' identification are formulated; the basic algorithm of these investigations is expounded. The authors substantiate the necessity of creation of specialized computer complex intended for identification of the fragmented bodies in the cases of their mass delivery.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine/methods , Military Personnel , DNA Fingerprinting , Forensic Anthropology/methods , HumansABSTRACT
Results of development and prospects of using new computer technologies of craniofacial personality identification based on three-dimensional simulation of identification objects are demonstrated.
Subject(s)
Face , Forensic Anthropology , Forensic Medicine , Skull , Computers , HumansABSTRACT
This article describes the identification of skeletal remains attributed to the family of Tsar Nicolay Romanov and other persons buried together at a site near present-day Ekaterinburg, Russia. Detailed descriptions are given regarding the objective methods of craniofacial and odontological identification that were used. Employing computer-assisted photographic superimposition techniques and statistical analysis of morphologic and other characteristics of the specimens, this study identifies with a high likelihood of certainty the remains of the Tsar, his wife, three of his four daughters, and four household assistants. Very strong evidence is presented that the Tsar's daughter Anastasia was killed in 1918. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the methods and trustworthiness of the results, as well as the prospects of future application of the methods for the identification of skeletonized human remains. Anat Rec (New Anat) 265:15-32, 2001.
Subject(s)
Famous Persons , Forensic Anthropology/history , Forensic Dentistry/history , Skull/anatomy & histology , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Forensic Dentistry/methods , History, 20th Century , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , RussiaABSTRACT
Algorithm of organization measures and expert investigations is proposed, based on experience gained in expert studies during liquidation of aircraft catastrophes. It permits effective classification, differentiation, and identification of victims and is based on traditional and high technological methods of investigation.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Aviation , Autopsy/methods , Humans , SiberiaABSTRACT
Based on expert evaluation of remains of 7 members of Imperial Romanov family and 4 persons in their attendance, the author demonstrates methodological approaches to identification craniocephalic studies in cases with group burials.
Subject(s)
Famous Persons , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Adult , Burial , Cephalometry/methods , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Russia (Pre-1917)ABSTRACT
The data of computer-aided tomography are proposed to be used in forensic medical diagnostic and identification studies. The technology of making hard copies of objects by laser stereolithography on the basis of tomography data is described.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Lasers , Forensic Medicine/instrumentation , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Microcomputers , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
Laser interferometry is proposed for accurate measurements of the external parameters and fixation of the relief of human skull surface. This method creates a detailed three-dimensional computer model of the object of investigation, which can be used in automated systems of personality identification based on investigation of the skull and life-time photos. Further development of the method opens new vistas in automation of the trassological and ballistic identification.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry/methods , Computer Simulation , Models, Anatomic , Forensic Medicine/methods , Humans , Interferometry/methods , Lasers , SoftwareSubject(s)
Computer Graphics , Computer Simulation , Face/anatomy & histology , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Models, Anatomic , Photography/methods , Skull/anatomy & histology , Databases, Factual , Forensic Anthropology/statistics & numerical data , Head/anatomy & histology , Humans , Microcomputers , Programming LanguagesABSTRACT
Discusses the problems related to the theoretical validation of selecting a method of investigation, its application with due consideration for the algorithm of osteological identification, and assessment of the results of this or that method from the viewpoint of the objectiveness and informative value of the method for osteological identification.