Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder quality of life in Jordan: a comparative study.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Jordan and its associated factors. Methods: This comparative study was conducted among parents of children with ASD and non-ASD. Data collection took four setting areas that include three centers for autism in three different municipalities and the control group was collected using social media. A convenience sample of 242 parents agreed to complete a QoL questionnaire. Results: Parents of children with ASD in Jordan have poor QoL across the five domains of QoL in compare with parents with non-ASD child. Factors such as gender, level of education, living condition and employment status were found impacting QoL.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among pregnant and lactating women attending maternity care clinics in refugee camps in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Despite the advantages of vaccination in preventing maternal and fetal problems, there were many concerns in the medical community regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women, and this has put obstetricians in a challenging situation when it comes to advising their pregnant patients on whether to obtain the vaccine. AIM: This study was performed to define the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and assess the impact of COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge on vaccine acceptance between pregnant and lactating Syrian women who are seeking prenatal care services at the clinics in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sample. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was used. RESULTS: A total of 412 pregnant/lactating women was recruited The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 86.5%. There was a significant positive moderate association between respondents' attitudes and knowledge around the COVID-19 vaccine and their acceptance of the vaccine (r = .468, p < .001, r = .357, p < .001), respectively. CONCLUSION: To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve collective protection, decision-makers must intensify the efforts in promoting the importance of maternal vaccination, especially in vulnerable communities that suffer the most from pandemic outcomes.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Mothers Working as Nurses Toward Multidrug-Resistant: Impact of an Educational Program in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: This study seeks to assess the influence of an educational program on enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of NICU nurses regarding MDROs. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design that investigated the efficacy of an educational intervention in shaping the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers working as nurses in NICU toward MDROs was used. A total of 168 nurses participated, divided into 84 intervention groups and 84 non-educational groups. Results: The analysis of overall knowledge scores before and after the educational interventions revealed a significant improvement in post-education knowledge scores (Mean = 16.94) compared to pre-education scores (Mean = 12.9929; t(83) = 40.119, p < 0.001). Attitude scores exhibited a notable improvement post-education, with mean scores increasing from 46.64 in the pretest to 58.45 in the posttest. The total attitude shift was statistically significant (t(83) = 104.23, p < 0.001 0). Regarding overall practice, the data suggests a positive impact of education on neonatal nurses' practices related to antibiotic usage (t(3) = 149.31, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between post-knowledge and post-attitude (r = 0.251, p = 0.021). Conclusion: Based on the study findings, the MDROs educational program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward MDROs, serving as a valuable educational resource for nurses. Given the increasing demand for nurses with MDROs knowledge, attitude, and practice in NICU, and considering the documented positive impact on protecting neonates from fatal infections, enhancing nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward MDROs has become imperative.

Impact of a structured sleep education program on mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward infant sleeping.

Introduction: Sleeping is necessary for the infant growth and development. Sufficient and quality of sleep can have an impact on physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Infancy is a critical time for establishing healthy habits and routines. However, many infants were suffering from sleeping issues that impact their health. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of educational programs given to mothers regarding their infants' sleep on mothers' knowledge and attitudes toward infant's sleeping. Method: A quasi-experimental design for nonequivalent groups was used, and data was collected from 208 mothers with infants aged 5-12 months from all Jordanian governorates who had not been exposed to educational programs prior to this study. Data was collected in two stages: pre-test and post-test, with two weeks in between for both groups. Results: The final results indicated that the educational intervention had a significant impact on mothers' knowledge over time. It was found that mothers in the intervention group had significantly higher mean of infant sleep health knowledge at follow up time compared to their baseline time (B = 0.236, P 0.001). Also, the yielded analysis showed that there was no significant change in mothers' mean attitudes toward infants sleeping over time (P = 0.011). The mothers' measured sleep health knowledge correlated positively and significantly statistically with their sleep health attitudes score (r = 0.436, P 0.010).

Community Pharmacists' Identifying and Counseling of Breastfeeding Women: A Study from Jordan.

Background: This study explored the approaches of Jordanian community pharmacists to identifying and counseling breastfeeding mothers regarding medication usage. Methods: This cross-sectional study used self-administered questionnaires. A convenience sample (n=381) of Jordanian community pharmacists was recruited through social media. The responses were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0 (IBM Corp., USA). Results: The majority of recruited pharmacists were female (n=329, 86.4%). Asking every woman was Jordanian pharmacists' preferred approach to identifying breastfeeding women (n=211, 55.4%). The study showed that around one-third of the pharmacists (n=128, 33.6%) reported that they currently experienced queries regarding medication use during breastfeeding on a daily basis. Additionally, the majority (n=325, 85.3%) of pharmacists reported feeling confident, and 67.2% of them (n=256) reported feeling comfortable while giving advice to breastfeeding women. The surveyed pharmacists relied on different resources during their course of practice to answer queries related to medicine usage by breastfeeding mothers. Conclusion: Community pharmacists have continuous interactions with breastfeeding women. Pharmacists require reliable and updated data access to answer queries related to medication use while breastfeeding.

Intimate partner violence and quality of life among mothers in Jordan during COVID-19 era.

AIMS: The study aims to examine the correlation between intimate partner violence [IPV] and quality of life [HRQoL] of mothers during COVID-19 era. METHOD: This study is a cross-sectional correlational study. The inclusion criteria was Jordanian women with at least 18 years old, who read and write in Arabic language and able to participate. The collection of data was done through a self-reported questionnaire distributed and completely filled with 300 married Jordanian women using social media. This study was conducted between the months of October and December 2020. The participants signed consent after being informed of their rights to exit at any point during the study and the study methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of IPV among women was 28.3. The mean of quality of life is 86.0 [SD = 13.1) and the mean of violence is 11.9 [SD = 3.01). There was a significant negative relationship between violence and quality of life (r2 = .224, p = .001). This means as the violence increases, the quality-of-life decreases. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is an association between IPV and HRQoL among married people. Providing an education program and vital resources for women with the goal of preventing COVID-19 violence and assisting Jordanians become very essential.

Knowledge of Parents Working in Healthcare Settings Toward Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children.

Aim: To examine the knowledge of parents who are working as healthcare workers about Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to determine the predictors of ADHD knowledge in children among parents. Methods: A cross-section study was conducted among parents who are working as HCWs. An online survey by google forms facilitated the creation of a 373 participant's sample. Results: The parents who are working as HCWs toward ADHD Knowledge 14.9 (SD = 7.9). The most questions were answered correctly. ADHD children are frequently distracted by extraneous stimuli 285 (76.8%). ADHD children often fidget or squirm in their seats 272 (73.7%) and HCWs training in managing an ADHD child are generally effective when combined with medication treatment 260 (70.5%). Conclusion: This study found that many parents who working as HCWs had poor knowledge regarding causes and general aspects of this disorder. The results had many implications that include increased efforts to improve the capabilities of parents who working as HCWs and prevent further complications for the children and increase awareness among parents and teachers.

Levels and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress among nursing students: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: High levels of empathy and self-awareness and low level of stress among nursing students are the core elements of improving patients' care and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress in a sample of undergraduate Jordanian nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to collect data from 330 students using a web-based survey. RESULTS: The total mean scores of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress were 75.75, 40.17, and 55.65, respectively. Students who are studying in public universities, with higher GPA, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of empathy. Students with lower income level, who have no intention to leave nursing, and who are satisfied with nursing; reported higher level of self-awareness. Female students, those who sleeping 6 h and less, did not get a balanced diet or perform exercise, studying in public universities, lower GPA, have intention to leave nursing, and did not satisfy with nursing; reported higher level of perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students reported adequate empathy level, low self-awareness level, and moderate perceived stress level. Students who are satisfied and have no intention to leave nursing reported higher level of empathy, self-awareness, and perceived stress. It is necessary to conduct interventional programs that enhance students' well-being especially empathy and self-awareness, and reduce the level of their stress.

Community Pharmacists' Current Practice and Educational Needs in Breastfeeding Support in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Improving breastfeeding practices is a worldwide priority. Pharmacists have the opportunity to actively promote breastfeeding and educate parents as well as the general public about its benefits. RESEARCH AIMS: The aims of this study are to investigate Jordanian pharmacists' present breastfeeding support practices and perceptions regarding their need for education and training in breastfeeding support. METHODS: To examine sociodemographic characteristics of community pharmacists in Jordan and their current breastfeeding support practices and educational needs, a descriptive cross-sectional online (self-report) survey was conducted. Through social media, pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Jordan were recruited between August 2021 and February 2022. The level of breastfeeding support participants had been provided with was measured using eight items in a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 5 (Always) to 1 (Never). Each participant self-reported the frequency of advice/information given to breastfeeding women in each of these areas. Univariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with the level of breastfeeding support. RESULTS: Participants (N = 381) reported a high level of breastfeeding support, but expressed a need for training and education for further improvement. The breastfeeding support score of female participants was found to be 0.12 higher than that of males (Beta = 0.12, p = .02), 0.16 higher in married participants compared to non-married participants (Beta = 0.16, p = .03), and 0.10 higher in participants working in rural areas compared to those working in urban areas (Beta = 0.10, p = .04). CONCLUSION: While community pharmacists generally report a high level of breastfeeding support, our findings revealed demographic differences. Attention to specific areas of need might enhance what pharmacists could offer; however, additional research would be required to guide the specific educational content.

Role of inflammation in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes: A comparative study.

There is a need to consider the geographical origins when studying the association between COVID-19 and the comorbid conditions. To examine the role of inflammation in determining the severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with diabetes and compare these roles with those who does not have diabetes. A cross sectional comparative design was used with a convenience sample of 352 patients. Samples were collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were divided into 2 groups (diabetes and non-diabetes). Data regarding results of selected inflammatory markers and sociodemographic were collected. The severity of COVID-19 differed significantly between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups (Chi square = 25.58 P < .05). There was significant difference in the mean scores of neutrophil counts, monocyte count, Basophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, partial thromboplastin time, C-creative protein, platelets, white blood cells, and mean cellular hemoglobin center between those with and those without diabetes. The diabetes were shown more increased in the predictors and severity of the COVID-19 disease. However, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, and age were the significant predictors of the severity level of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes. In conclusion, our study addressed the influence of having diabetes among hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. The results showed that severity of COVID-19 infection was affected by diabetes where those with diabetes had more tendency to suffer from the severe form of the disease rather that the moderate level.

Coriandrum sativum and Aloysia triphylla can Protect the Development of Cancer: an in Vivo Study Using Mouse Painting Assay.

AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the protective properties of Coriandrum sativum and Aloysia triphylla against the development of skin cancer. METHOD: The skin cancer balb/c mouse model was utilized in the study. Plant extracts were administered to animals using oral gavage. In addition, skin cancer was induced using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA). RESULTS: The study found that A. triphylla extract reduced both tumor incidence (P<0.01) and papilloma frequency (P<0.001) and delayed the onset of tumor development (P<0.001). The A. triphylla extract did not affect tumor size in animals. C. sativum leaf extract reduced the number of tumors per animal, the incidence of tumors, and the frequency of papilloma (P<0.05). In addition, it delayed (P<0.01) the onset of tumors. Treatment of animals with C. sativum seed extract reduced the frequency of papilloma (P<0.05) and delayed the onset of tumors (P<0.05). However, the examined plant extracts did not impact the size of tumors induced by DMBA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed that C. sativum and A. triphylla could protect against cancer development as indicated using the animal model of skin painting assay.

Neonatal intensive care unit nurses knowledge and attitude toward neonatal palliative care: review of the literature.

Aim: To review studies regarding neonatal nurses' knowledge and attitude toward neonatal palliative care (NPC). Method: The researchers searched internet sources such as Google Scholar for NPC, Nurses, Knowledge, Attitude, and Educational Intervention. Results: Subheadings identified in the literature review were Nurses Knowledge toward NPC in NICU, Nurses Attitude toward NPC in NICU, correlation between Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC in NICU, The Effect of Educational program on Nurses Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC in NICU, and the Predictors of Knowledge and Attitude toward NPC among Nurses in NICU and Barriers to NPC provision and improvement. Conclusion: There are few studies from different nations regarding NPC found nurses have an inadequate knowledge of NPC, which also reflects their attitude.

Objective: To review studies regarding neonatal nurses' information and behavior toward end-of-life care. Method: The researcher searched internet sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and ResearchGate for end of life, Nurses, Information, Behavior, And Educational Program. Results: Subheadings identified in the literature review were nurses information toward end of life care in neonate care unit, nurses attitude toward end of life in neonate care unit, correlation between knowledge and attitude toward end of life in neonate care unit, the effect of educational program on nurses information and behavior toward end of life in neonate care and the predictors of information and behavior toward end of life among nurses in neonate and barriers to end of life. Conclusion: There are few studies from different nations regarding end of life found nurses have an inadequate information of end of life, which also reflects their behaviors.

Health-Related Quality of Life for Jordanian-Recovered Individuals During Post-COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: This study aims to determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that includes the physical and mental health of recovered patients of COVID-19 and examines the significant impact of variables such as period of infection, sample demographics characteristics, hospitalization past, and chronic disease past and the other variables on HRQoL of COVID-19-recovered patients. Methods: An exploratory, community-based, cross-sectional research layout was adopted, using an electronic self-reporting survey disseminated online to recovered COVID-19 patients in Jordan. Targeted COVID-19 patients were individuals who were 18 years old or above. They had a documented background of COVID-19 illness, as stated in the following inclusion requirements: Those who had not been formally proven to have been afflicted by COVID-19 were excluded. Results: The mean of the physical well-being of study participants during COVID-19 was M=68.00 (SD=6.95), representing medium physical well-being status. The mean of psychological well-being of study participants during COVID-19 was M=60.20 (SD=8.85), representing medium physical health. Multiple regression showed that female recovered patients who are not working, with a low level of income, married women, and who getting COVID-19 more than once are having lower health-related quality of life compared to other recovered patients. Conclusion: The HRQoL of COVID-19 patients was significantly impacted, independent of the period since hospitalization or rehabilitation. Policymakers and health workers should research strong ways to enhance the HRQoL of COVID-19 patients as soon as possible. Elderly patients and those who have been infected more than one time and being hospitalized have a greater probability of decreased HRQoL after infection.

Sleep quality and sleep patterns among recovered individuals during post-COVID-19 among Jordanian: A cross-sectional national study.

This study aims to investigate sleep patterns and quality in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and to determine the sleep quality and pattern among patients. A cross-sectional design was used to assess sleeping patterns during the post-COVID-19 era for recovered individuals from April 1st, 2022, to June 1st, 2022. The participants had to meet the following requirements: both genders, ages 18 to 70, and previously infected with COVID-19. The prevalence of low sleep quality among the recovered individuals during post-COVID-19 era was 834 (40.6%), and the prevalence of disturbance in sleep quality was 1308 (63.6%). Lower economic status and younger ages in twenties and thirties experienced more disturbances in sleep patterns than other older ages. Many predictors were determined the quality of sleep. These predictors were age (B = .105, P = .00), income (B = .05, P = .035) and educational level (B = .20, P = .006). To sum up, our study found that the prevalence of low sleep quality among the recovered individuals during post-COVID-19 era was moderate, and the prevalence of disturbance in sleep quality was high. The predictors of quality of sleep were age, income, and educational level. Practitioners should be trained to evaluate and manage sleep disturbances, as this comprehensive approach has the potential to reduce mental distress and prevent the consequences of sleep disturbances.

Knowledge toward COVID-19 in children among undergraduate students at the beginning of COVID-19 era.

AIMS: To describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate students in Jordan toward COVID-19 in children in respect of the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against the disease and satisfaction with governmental measures. DESIGN: A cross-section was utilized in this study. METHODS: An online survey questionnaire was utilized in this research study. All undergraduate students in Jordan were able to take part. The size of the sample was 799. Knowledge toward COVID-19 among children was used to assess the participants' knowledge about COVID-19. RESULTS: The findings indicate that the students had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. According to the students' responses, the resource they used the most was social media followed by news channels. Our study also found that medical specialty students had more knowledge toward COVID-19 than non-medical.

Sleep quality among different classes of heart failure patients in Jordan: A STROBE compliant cross-sectional study.

Many researchers emphasize the importance of studying sleep quality among patients with heart failure (HF). Because of the importance of this topic, many studies have been conducted to address the different aspects of sleep-in various populations of patients with HF. The purposes of our study were: to assess the types of disturbances in sleep within the different classes of HF, and to assess whether there were differences in the levels of sleep quality and types of disturbances in sleep within the different classes in non-hospitalized Jordan patients with HF. Data were gathered from 2 cardiac clinics and 2 medical clinics at 3 Jordan hospitals. A minimum sample of 200 people was recruited to participate in this study based on these criteria and factors. The prevalence of low sleep quality and types of disturbances in sleep were increased with the increase in New York Heart Association class. Nearly 3 quarters of the study sample had poor sleep quality 73.5% (n = 147). Using a score of 5 as a cut point, 147 patients with HF in our study sample had poor sleep quality. The most common types in all classes were waking up for urination, waking in the middle of the night or early morning, waking up due to coughing and snoring, and difficulty falling asleep within 30 minutes. However, waking up due to feeling cold or hot were rarely reported in all classes of patients with HF. Poor sleep quality negatively affects the quality of life in patients with HF by decreasing physical cognitive and psychosocial performance in those patients. This is the first study in literature study sleep quality in the different New York Heart Association functional classes.

Differential effects of guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation on physical and emotional symptoms in nursing students taking initial clinical training: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The initial clinical training has been reported by nursing students as the most challenging component of the nursing programs. Although progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery have been reported to improve emotional and physical health, the use of such approaches among nursing students rarely exist. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the deferential effects of progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] and guided imagery [GI] on physical and emotional symptoms in nursing students taking their initial clinical training. Methods: Using a three-group, randomized, single blinded study conducted in a large Jordanian university, 156 nursing students were randomly allocated into one of three study groups (PMR group, GI group, and control group). The physical symptoms and emotional symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed at baseline and end of the intervention. The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrail.gov, identifier: xxxxxx. Results: Using one-way MANOVA and post-hoc comparisons, the results showed that PMR and GI significantly reduced more physical symptoms than control condition although PMR was more effective than GI in this regard. GI significantly decreased more emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and stress than PMR and control condition. PMR decreased anxiety, depression, and stress but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the ABC relaxation theory claiming that PMR im-proves better physical symptoms while GI improves better emotional symptoms. However, further studies using students from multiple settings are needed.

Preparing for Future Pandemics: Challenges for Healthcare Leadership.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is our decade's largest global challenge of health leadership. There is an immediate urge to provide leadership and management with instruction during the extraordinary from before the recovery phase. Aim: To determine the influence of the COVID-19 disease outbreak on leadership challenges during this difficult time. Methods: This review of studies includes the work of scientists who have addressed the challenges of leadership at the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the references to the selected studies were used to locate additional research articles related to the topic challenges for leadership. Conclusion: This new situation of the pandemics needs the leaders in the healthcare system to face many challenges. These challenges are being manager of the care, making decisions, caring for employees, preparing for the unexpected, and updating the community about the situation.

Attitude of parents toward vaccination against COVID-19 for own children in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To evaluate parents' attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination for their children and determine predictors of parents' attitudes towards their children receiving the Vaccine against COVID-19. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects were Jordanian parents with a child less than 18 years old. The survey was made available on different social media platforms and other networks such as community organizations, academic posts, and private groups. Results: There was a difference in the attitude of parents toward COVID-19 vaccination for their children according to their demographic and personal characteristics (p = .05). Attitude of parents toward vaccination against COVID-19 for their own children was more likely to be significant and impacted by gender, nationality, job status, level of income and if their child had previously received influenza vaccine. Conclusion: This is a large national study regarding the attitude of parents toward vaccination against COVID-19 for their own children in Jordan. This study found that more than fifty percent of the parents were hesitant to allow their children to receive COVID-19 vaccination.

The public's attitude to and acceptance of periodic doses of the COVID-19 vaccine: A survey from Jordan.

AIMS: This study surveyed people regarding their acceptance of periodic doses (i.e., annual boosters) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, factors that correlate with attitudes toward periodic COVID-19 vaccines were assessed and identified. METHOD: The study employed a cross-sectional methodology. The study questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms. Data were collected during the last quarter of 2021, and 1,416 adults (18 years old and over) from Jordan responded. Acceptance of COVID-19 periodic vaccine doses was calculated as a percentage of the total number of study participants, and their attitudes were scored. A multiple regression model was used to determine the predictors of public attitudes toward the annual dose of COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS: The acceptance rate for receiving periodic doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was low (19.3%). Additionally, 26% of participants were unsure about receiving additional doses of the vaccine. However, 54.7% had a negative attitude toward getting periodic doses. The mean score for attitudes toward periodic doses was 47.9 (range: 29-66). Among the identified factors leading to decisions not to receive periodic doses were side effects (49.1%), waiting for further clinical studies (38.8%), and perceived no risk of contracting COVID-19 (17.7%). Regression analysis showed that income, educational attainment, and following the news about COVID-19 were predictors of participants' attitudes toward the periodic COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSION: Acceptance of periodic doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Jordan is low, and the public's attitude is generally negative. Health programs and educational interventions are needed to promote vaccine acceptance and positive attitudes.