Uncovering Nursing Communication Strategies and Relational Styles to Foster Patient Engagement in Oncology: A Scoping Review.

Nurses play an active role in fostering engagement of oncological patients, and, therefore, adopting effective communication and interpersonal skills is crucial. However, the nurse-patient relationship and communication strategies are frequently undervalued. This scoping review aims to address this gap with a twofold objective: (1) to explore the existing literature to identify communication strategies and relational styles employed by nurses to promote patient engagement in non-pediatric oncology patients; (2) to assess current knowledge on this topic to determine the need for future research. The search was conducted on different scientific databases and grey literature. The review was conducted following the methodology outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews and the updated version of the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Thirteen articles were included in the study. The studies in total enrolled 863 participants. Four clusters of nursing interventions were identified, encompassing communication strategies and relational styles of varying complexity, along with ten categories of general outcomes emerging from their implementation. This study summarizes the current knowledge regarding nursing communication strategies and relational styles used to promote patient engagement in oncological patients. Further research is needed, to evaluate and integrate the researched techniques, tools, and interventions for future clinical nursing practice.

Uncovering doctors' perceived barriers and facilitators of antibiotic prescribing behaviours: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Uncovering the barriers and facilitators of antibiotic prescribing is crucial in order to develop effective strategies for promoting responsible and evidence-based antibiotic use, thereby combating antibiotic resistance and enhancing patient care. This qualitative study, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) - specifically designed to understand and analyze the factors that influence human behavior, with a focus on identifying barriers and facilitators to behavior change, was aimed to explore the determinants (barriers and facilitators) of antibiotic prescribing behaviors from the perspective of doctors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, and data analysis followed a theory-driven approach guided by the TDF. RESULTS: The analysis identified eight TDF domains influencing antibiotic prescribing, including memory, attention, and decision processes; knowledge; skills; belief about capabilities; goals; belief about consequences; emotions; and environmental context and resources. These domains were clustered into three overarching themes according to a bottom-up logic: the decision-making prescribing process itself, intrinsic factors related to the physician, and extrinsic factors influencing the decision. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between these determinants in antibiotic prescribing. The evidence gained from the study valuable information for developing targeted interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices and combat antimicrobial resistance considering psychosocial and environmental variables impacting on antibiotic prescription decision making.

Strategies implemented by informal caregivers to facilitate self-care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. COPD is a significant social and economic burden, and hospital admissions contribute to increased costs. Informal caregivers play a crucial role in supporting COPD patients in their self-care efforts. Therefore, understanding informal caregiver interventions to improve self-care may be helpful in reducing hospitalizations. This is the protocol for a scoping review that aims to map the literature on informal caregiver interventions to facilitate self-care in COPD patients. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the strategies implemented by informal caregivers to facilitate self-care for patients with COPD? METHODS: The review will adhere to the methodology outlined by the JBI. A comprehensive search strategy will be executed in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PsycINFO. Additionally, grey literature and relevant unpublished documents will be searched to minimize publication bias. Studies describing strategies/actions implemented by informal caregivers to promote self-care in COPD patients from all countries will be included. We will exclude abstracts, editorials, articles on paid caregivers and social and healthcare workers. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles based on inclusion criteria. Key data from the selected studies will be extracted using a predefined data extraction table. The results will be aggregated into themes and described qualitatively, figures and graphs may also be presented. The results will be presented according to the PRISMA-ScR. REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4TWRM.

Participatory antimicrobial stewardship: fostering patient and public engagement to counter antimicrobial resistance.

International governments defined antimicrobial stewardship (AS) as an essential ally against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Patient and public engagement (PPE) in AS was pointed out as an imperative requirement to be embraced. We discuss PPE state of the art in AS and methodological reflections on how to achieve its effective implementation.

Providing freedom or financial remuneration? A cross-sectional study on the role of monetary and legal incentives on COVID-19 further booster vaccination intention in the Italian context.

Vaccine hesitancy became a more and more important issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the emergence of new variants, many international health agencies have already begun administering booster doses of the vaccine in response to these threats. Studies have emphasized the effectiveness of different types of incentive-based strategies to increase vaccination behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to identify the correlation between different types of incentives (legal or financial) with people's intentions to get a COVID-19 booster vaccine. We conducted a cross-sectional study between 29 January 2022 and 03 February 2022. An online quantitative survey was carried out in Italy. One thousand and twenty-two Italian adults were recruited by a professional panel provider. Descriptive statistics were computed for the five variables concerning the incentives (monetary, tax, fee, health certification, travel) toward vaccination. A general linear model (GLM) was then computed to compare the scores of the five different variables within the subjects. The general linear model showed a significant within-subjects main effect. Post-hoc comparisons showed that among the financial incentive, the monetary reward is rated lower than all the others. Tax and fees both resulted lower than both the legal incentives. Finally, COVID-19 health certification and travel did not result significantly different from each other. This study offers an important contribution to public policy literature and to policymakers in their efforts to explain and steer booster vaccination acceptance while facing an ongoing pandemic.

Health consciousness and pro-environmental behaviors in an Italian representative sample: A cross-sectional study.

Individual health-related behavior is among the most influential yet modifiable factors affecting both climate change and chronic disease. To encourage behaviors bringing about environmental and health co-benefits, it is important to understand the underlying factors of behavior change for healthy and sustainable lifestyles. One area of potential overlap concerns people's health consciousness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health consciousness and pro-environmental behavior. We investigated whether health consciousness correlates with five clusters of pro-environmental behaviors: sustainable food consumption, recycling, green purchasing, sustainable mobility, and energy saving. Research data were collected via cross-sectional survey involving a representative sample of n = 1011 Italian citizens. Statistically significant differences emerged in the frequency of the different classes of pro-environmental behaviors: people living in Italy most frequently implement sustainable behaviors related to energy saving and recycling while sustainable mobility behaviors are the least implemented. Moreover, the stepwise linear regression model demonstrated the predictive role of citizens' health consciousness on the adoption of specific classes of pro-environmental behaviors showing how higher involvement in one's own health determines higher levels of pro-environmental behaviors. These results highlight the relevance of developing and testing complex programs featuring educational, sensitization, and structural strategies to increase citizens involvement in public health and pro-environmental behaviors.

"Health without Borders": Early Findings and Lessons Learned from a Health Promotion Program for Ethnic Minorities Living in Italy.

In multicultural contexts, health promotion can be challenging due to people's differences in beliefs, values, and practices regarding health and healthcare. Using the prototypical case scenario offered by the "Health without Borders" program, this study was generally aimed at summarizing the lessons learned and suggesting implications that are hopefully relevant to future culturally competent health promotion programs. This exploratory study used in-depth interviews, focus groups, and document analyses as primary methodological tools to gather data. A qualitative approach was chosen because it has the potential to explore, in depth, the main characteristics (values, operational domains, and action strategies) behind this prototypical case. The study findings suggest that the multicultural health promotion program under study is characterized by four main intertwined core values (i.e., empowerment; peer education; social embeddedness; tailor-made). In turn, these values are expressed in the ten main operational domains (i.e., proactive approach to health promotion; fostering interculturality in health promotion; fostering multidisciplinarity in health promotion; measuring the impact of initiatives; identifying, training, and activating key community members in the role of peer educators; promoting community engagement; fostering a "domino effect"; building institutional links with the organization of the territory; continuous training of the professionals involved in the initiatives; flexibility and a constant focus on projects' continuous redesign) that orient specific strategies of action. This program is based on a tailor-made principle for intervention design and delivery. This feature allows intervention providers to flexibly incorporate the target population's values in delivering health promotion activities. Therefore, the value of this prototypical case lies in the design of "adjustable" initiatives that fit the "program-as-designed" with the cultural characteristics of target populations involved in the intervention.

The effect of psychosocial interventions on depression, anxiety, and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Hemodialysis has become a standard therapy for adults with end-stage renal diseases. Adults undergoing hemodialysis have to cope with unique psychological issues that make their care journey particularly fatiguing. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize and evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions on the reduction of anxiety and depression in adults with HDs. METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that measure change in depression, anxiety, and quality of life. RESULTS: We identify three categories of psychosocial interventions delivered to adults undergoing hemodialysis. Based on our analysis, there was a medium effect of psychosocial intervention on depression (SMD - 0.85, 95%CI - 1.17; - 0.52, I2 = 80%, p < 0.01) and anxiety (SMD - 0.99, 95%CI - 1.65; - 0.33, I2 = 88%, p < 0.01) in adults undergoing hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial interventions, such as psychological support or relaxation-based therapy, seems all to reduce depression and anxiety in adults undergoing HD. Preliminary evidence suggests that there may be a benefit of psychosocial interventions on the quality of life for adults undergoing HD.

Public views on the Covid-19 immunity certificate: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Already in its first implementation, the introduction of the Covid-19 immunity certificate has generated some debate among the public. This debate might be a hindrance to the effective realization of this policy. This study aimed to systematically review published research evaluating public feeling of the Covid-19 immunity certificate policy measure and to find which factors might influence its acceptance. METHODS: We followed the scoping review methods manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included studies with no time limits that presented novel data, and no exclusions have been made based on study design. We excluded articles that presented just expert opinions. RESULTS: We found and reviewed 17 articles. The included studies were conducted in two main countries (the United Kingdom and Switzerland), with the rest from Israel, Italy, Spain, Germany, Australia, Taiwan and China. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included, and nonrepresentative samples were mostly used to explore the public feeling about the Covid-19 immunity certification. The included studies showed that public views on immunity certification are quite contradictory and influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, political orientation and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. The topic more often addressed by the included studies was the public's views on the positive and negative implications of the Covid-19 immunity certificate in terms of ethical, legal and behavioural consequences of this measure. CONCLUSION: The varying acceptance rates are notable and may partly be linked to differences in demographics, Covid-19 concerns and ideological beliefs, as seen in other health-related tracking policies. Moreover, dominant factors behind the (un)success of this policy are complex and entangled with the cultural and political dimensions rather than being just technical. For this reason, it is important to expand psychosocial research to better understand the concerns behind health certifications and allow planning of culturally based and ethically sound suitable strategies. This would be very relevant to increasing public approval and compliance with this public health measure. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This does not apply to our work as it was a review paper.

Public Perceptions of Harms and Benefit of COVID-19 Immunity Certificate: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Italian Setting.

A cross-sectional survey between 29 January 2022 and 3 February 2022 was conducted to understand the public rationale for accepting or rejecting the use of COVID-19 immunity certificates and to identify the psychosocial factors that mostly predict the positive/negative individuals' perceptions of this measure. One thousand twenty-two Italian adults were recruited by a professional panel provider by employing a stratified sampling strategy controlled for gender, age, geographical area of residence, size of the urban centre of residence, employment, and wage. Eight Welch's ANOVAs were then carried out to compare the perception of benefits and the perception of harms among different population groups. Multiple linear regression was carried out to measure the explained variance of benefits perception and harms perception by age, trust in institutions, and concern for health emergencies. The results shows that age, trust in institution, and concern for the COVID-19 emergency explain more variance of perceived benefits than of perceived harms of COVID-19 immunity certificates but the opposite regarding political orientation which explains perceived harms better than perceived benefits. The need for policy improvements is pressing because a large share of the world's population remains unvaccinated. Moreover, our results can serve as vital information for similar health crises that may occur in the future. In addition, our results are expected to offer useful insights into public feelings around the use of digital health information tools.

The Effect of Message Framing on COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions among the Younger Age Population Groups: Results from an Experimental Study in the Italian Context.

The coronavirus pandemic has been recognized as a major threat to public health. Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving adequate immunization coverage to end the global pandemic. However, to date, there are still hesitant people, especially among the younger population groups. For this reason, it is essential to identify the psychological variables that may affect vaccination intention among these "at risk groups" and to select possible successful communication frames in order to increase vaccination rates. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out on 208 Italian citizens younger than 50 years old, to explore message framing effects on their intention to receive the vaccination and to understand the psychological factors influencing it. Results showed that depending on the goal (stimulate vaccination intention, vaccination trust, or vaccine attitude), not all the communication stimuli are equally effective on this target population. Furthermore, the study showed that sociodemographic variables do not help to explain the vaccination intention of the younger population groups, while the psychological variables have been found to have a stronger impact on such attitude. Trust and attitudes towards vaccines, concern about the pandemic and concern about infecting others have been found to be the most effective predictive variables of people vaccination intention. The study results underline the importance of understanding the psychological roots behind vaccine hesitancy to shape sensitization actions and vaccination campaigns targeting this population group.

The State of the Evidence about the Family and Community Nurse: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The increase in chronic degenerative diseases poses many challenges to the efficacy and sustainability of healthcare systems, establishing the family and community nurse (FCN) who delivers primary care as a strategic role. FCNs, indeed, can embrace the complexity of the current healthcare demand, sustain the ageing of the population, and focus on illness prevention and health promotion, ensuring a continuous and coordinated integration between hospitals and primary care ser. The literature on FCNs is rich but diverse. This study aimed to critically summarise the literature about the FCN, providing an overall view of the recent evidence. METHODS: A state-of-art systematic review was performed on PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus, employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and checklist to guide the search and reporting. RESULTS: Five interpretative themes emerged from the 90 included articles: clinical practice, core competencies, outcomes, Organisational and educational models, and advanced training program. CONCLUSIONS: FCNs can make a major contribution to a population's health, playing a key role in understanding and responding to patients' needs. Even if the investment in prevention does not guarantee immediate required strategies and foresight on the part of decisionmakers, it is imperative to invest more political, institutional, and economic resources to support and ensure the FCNs' competencies and their professional autonomy.

Exploring the Motivational Roots of Getting Vaccinated against COVID-19 in a Population of Vaccinated Pediatric Healthcare Professionals: Evidence from an Italian Cross-Sectional Study.

Health care professionals (HCPs) working in pediatric and perinatal settings have a strong influence on parental vaccine decision making. Furthermore, HCPs' motivations behind vaccine acceptance are associated with their likelihood of recommending vaccines to their patients. Understanding these motivations in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign may aid in the development of interventions that improve pediatric practitioners' vaccine confidence and prescription. We aimed at studying the motivations affecting COVID-19 vaccination behavior among a sample of vaccinated Italian HCPs working in pediatric settings. A sample (n = 162) of HCPs completed an online self-reported survey exploring motivations behind getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Emotions of HCPs at the moment of COVID-19 vaccination injection were also recorded to collect data about the main feelings connected to the vaccination decision-making process. Data were collected between 19 March 2021 and 21 April 2021. The most effective motivational incentives were the beliefs that vaccination helped protect vulnerable members of the community (97.5% agreement), could protect one's own health (93.7%), health authorities could be trusted (58.7%), and the vaccine had been rigorously tested (53.8%). Actual personal exposure to COVID was less important (reported importance agreement 16-24%), and the influence of news and social media was still lower (4-6%). Differences between physicians' and other HCPs' ratings were also found. Finally, emotional status at vaccination showed high ratings for positive emotions surrounding the vaccination act. This study provided additional evidence about the multifaceted motivations behind COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and showed the potential of understanding the psychosocial roots of vaccine behaviors for shaping public communication campaigns. The highly emotionally charged response obtained underscores the importance of strengthening the community feeling among HCPs.