ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Successful ageing with diabetes is challenged by co-morbidities, which may present barriers to self-care. Currently, measurement of physical and cognitive status is not part of routine care of the older person with diabetes, and these are not taken into account when devising the treatment plan. OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel approach that integrates cognitive and physical assessment into the routine evaluation of the older person with diabetes and the tailor-made treatment plan devised accordingly. To provide estimates of the relative contribution of cognitive and physical disabilities in this population. METHODS: Cognitive and physical assessments were added to the standard evaluation. A composite measure of cognitive and of physical status categorizing each individual to intact, mild, or severe impairment was generated. In addition, all recommendations provided were categorized and tabulated. RESULTS: Of 119 individuals, over the age of 60 with type 2 diabetes who were referred because of difficulties in managing their disease, 16% and 3% of individuals met the criteria for severe cognitive/physical impairment, respectively, and 42% and 21% met the criteria for mild cognitive/physical impairment; 72%, 12.5%, 61% received recommendations related to intensification of physical activity, cognitive treatment, change in pharmacological agents, respectively. 25% were referred for further emotional treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes over the age of 60 may have cognitive/physical impairment. It highlights the importance of measuring these as part of the multidisciplinary evaluation and being able to provide a tailor made treatment plan.
Subject(s)
Cognition/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Physical Examination/methods , Physical Fitness/physiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition Disorders/complications , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Disability Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mobility Limitation , Pilot Projects , Psychomotor Disorders/complications , Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosis , Self Care/psychology , Self Care/standardsABSTRACT
Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is the current treatment in glaucoma. In recent years, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has been added to the arsenal of surgical options. MIGS can reduce trabecular meshwork resistance to outflow and decrease the IOP with mild side effects. In this article, we review the clinical experience gathered with iSTENT, Bypass, Gold Micro Shunt and the Trabectome.
