Surgeons vs ChatGPT: Assessment and Feedback Performance Based on Real Surgical Scenarios.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial intelligence tools are being progressively integrated into medicine and surgical education. Large language models, such as ChatGPT, could provide relevant feedback aimed at improving surgical skills. The purpose of this study is to assess ChatGPT´s ability to provide feedback based on surgical scenarios. METHODS: Surgical situations were transformed into texts using a neutral narrative. Texts were evaluated by ChatGPT 4.0 and 3 surgeons (A, B, C) after a brief instruction was delivered: identify errors and provide feedback accordingly. Surgical residents were provided with each of the situations and feedback obtained during the first stage, as written by each surgeon and ChatGPT, and were asked to assess the utility of feedback (FCUR) and its quality (FQ). As control measurement, an Education-Expert (EE) and a Clinical-Expert (CE) were asked to assess FCUR and FQ. RESULTS: Regarding residents' evaluations, 96.43% of times, outputs provided by ChatGPT were considered useful, comparable to what surgeons' B and C obtained. Assessing FQ, ChatGPT and all surgeons received similar scores. Regarding EE's assessment, ChatGPT obtained a significantly higher FQ score when compared to surgeons A and B (p = 0.019; p = 0.033) with a median score of 8 vs. 7 and 7.5, respectively; and no difference respect surgeon C (score of 8; p = 0.2). Regarding CE´s assessment, surgeon B obtained the highest FQ score while ChatGPT received scores comparable to that of surgeons A and C. When participants were asked to identify the source of the feedback, residents, CE, and EE perceived ChatGPT's outputs as human-provided in 33.9%, 28.5%, and 14.3% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: When given brief written surgical situations, ChatGPT was able to identify errors with a detection rate comparable to that of experienced surgeons and to generate feedback that was considered useful for skill improvement in a surgical context performing as well as surgical instructors across assessments made by general surgery residents, an experienced surgeon, and a nonsurgeon feedback expert.

Comparative study of video recordings of non-medical devices in laparoscopic surgery: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery is the approach of choice for multiple procedures, being laparoscopic cholecystectomy one of the most frequently performed surgeries. Likewise, video recording of these surgeries has become widespread. Currently, the market offers medical recording devices (MRD) with an approximate cost of 2000 USD, and alternative non-medical recording devices (NMRD) with a cost ranging from 120 to 200 USD. To our knowledge, no comparative studies between the available recording devices have been done. We aim to compare the perception of the quality of videos recorded by MRD and NMRD in a group of surgeons and surgical residents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey to compare recordings from three NMRDs (Elgato 30 fps, AverMedia 60 fps, Hauppauge 30 fps) and one MRD (MediCap 20 fps) during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The survey assessed: definition of anatomical structures (DA), fluidity of movements (FM), similarity with the operating room screen (ORsim), and overall quality (OQ). Descriptive and nonparametric analytical statistics tests were applied. Results were analyzed using JMP-15 software. RESULTS: Forty surveys were collected (80% surgeons, 20% residents). NMRDs scored significantly higher than MRD in DA (p = 0.003), FM (p < 0.001), ORsim (p < 0.001), and OQ (p < 0.001). One NMRD was chosen as the highest quality device (70%), and MRD as the poorest (78%). No significant differences were found when analyzing by surgical experience. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of recording laparoscopic procedures, non-medical video recording devices (NMRDs) outperformed medical-grade recording device (MRD) with a higher overall score. This suggests that NMRDs could serve as a cost-effective alternative with superior video quality for recording laparoscopic surgeries.

Reversión del bypass gástrico: indicaciones y resultados quirúrgicos / Gastric bypass reversal: surgical indications and results

Resumen Introducción: Debido a su eficacia en el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida, el bypass gástrico (BPG) sigue siendo una intervención realizada frecuentemente. Sin embargo, un grupo reducido de pacientes puede desarrollar complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas que no logran controlarse con un tratamiento médico óptimo. En estos casos, puede ser necesario reestablecer la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal por medio de la reversión del BPG (R-BPG). Objetivo: Presentar las indicaciones y resultados obtenidos en una serie de pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG. Materiales y Método: Identificación y evaluación retrospectiva de todos los pacientes sometidos a una R-BPG en nuestra institución de manera consecutiva. Se registraron las características demográficas y antropométricas de la cirugía original y al momento de la reversión. Las complicaciones se registraron de acuerdo con la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Se identificaron 7 pacientes en los cuales se realizó una R-BPG. En 2 casos la reversión fue por síndrome de intestino corto, en 3 casos por hipoglicemias severas refractarias a manejo médico y en 2 casos por diarrea crónica. La mediana de edad al momento de la reversión fue de 55 años. La mediana de tiempo desde la cirugía original hasta el momento de la reversión fue de 77 meses. La mediana de estadía hospitalaria fue de 6 días. No hubo complicaciones Clavien-Dindo ≥ III. La R-BPG logró revertir en todos los casos las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas. Conclusión: La restauración de la continuidad del tracto gastrointestinal permite el control de las complicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas.

Introduction: Due to its efficacy in the treatment of morbid obesity, roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) continues to be a frequently performed intervention. However, a small group of patients may develop nutritional and metabolic complications that cannot be controlled with optimal medical treatment. In these cases, it may be necessary to reestablish the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract by reversing the RYGB (R-RYGB). Aim: To present the indications and results obtained in a series of patients who underwent to R-RYGB. Materials and Method: Identification and retrospective evaluation of all patients who underwent consecutive R-RYGB in our institution. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the original surgery and at the time of the reversal were recorded. Complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Seven patients were identified in whom an R-RYGB was performed. In 2 cases the reversal was due to short bowel syndrome, in 3 cases due to severe hypoglycemia refractory to medical treatment and in 2 cases due to chronic diarrhea. The median age at the time of the reversal was 55 years. The median time from primary surgery to reversal was 77 months. The median hospital stay was 6 days. There were no Clavien-Dindo complications ≥ III. The R-RYGB was able to reverse nutritional and metabolic complications in all cases. Conclusion: Restoring the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract allows control of nutritional and metabolic complications.

Different Crises, Different Patterns of Trauma. The Impact of a Social Crisis and the COVID-19 Health Pandemic on a High Violence Area.

BACKGOUND: Santiago, Chile underwent two separate periods of crisis over the past year. The first period, the 'social crisis,' extended over thirteen weeks in late 2019 into early 2020 due to protests over income inequality and the government response to social unrest. The second period, the 'health crisis,' began in March 2020 with Chile's first case of COVID-19 and escalated rapidly to include 'stay at home orders,' traffic restrictions, and the shuttering of most businesses. We wished to evaluate the impact of these crisis periods on trauma epidemiology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the South-East Metropolitan Health Service Trauma Registry. Trauma admissions, operative volume, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated during the crisis period and the year prior. RESULTS: The social crisis saw increased levels of trauma, both blunt and penetrating, relative to the time period immediately preceding. The health crisis saw an increase in penetrating trauma with a concomitant decline in blunt trauma. Both crisis periods had decreased levels of trauma, overall, compared to the year prior. There were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital trauma mortality. CONCLUSION: Different crises may have different patterns of trauma. Crisis periods that include extended periods of lockdown and curfew may lead to increasing penetrating trauma volume. Governments and health officials should anticipate the aggregate impact of these measures on public health and develop strategies to actively mitigate them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.