Integrating artificial intelligence to assess emotions in learning environments: a systematic literature review.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming multiple sectors within our society, including education. In this context, emotions play a fundamental role in the teaching-learning process given that they influence academic performance, motivation, information retention, and student well-being. Thus, the integration of AI in emotional assessment within educational environments offers several advantages that can transform how we understand and address the socio-emotional development of students. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive approach that systematizes advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this field. Aim: This systematic literature review aims to explore how artificial intelligence (AI) is used to evaluate emotions within educational settings. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, focusing on advancements, challenges, and opportunities in the domain of AI-driven emotional assessment within educational settings. Method: The review involved a search across the following academic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus. Forty-one articles were selected that meet the established inclusion criteria. These articles were analyzed to extract key insights related to the integration of AI and emotional assessment within educational environments. Results: The findings reveal a variety of AI-driven approaches that were developed to capture and analyze students' emotional states during learning activities. The findings are summarized in four fundamental topics: (1) emotion recognition in education, (2) technology integration and learning outcomes, (3) special education and assistive technology, (4) affective computing. Among the key AI techniques employed are machine learning and facial recognition, which are used to assess emotions. These approaches demonstrate promising potential in enhancing pedagogical strategies and creating adaptive learning environments that cater to individual emotional needs. The review identified emerging factors that, while important, require further investigation to understand their relationships and implications fully. These elements could significantly enhance the use of AI in assessing emotions within educational settings. Specifically, we are referring to: (1) federated learning, (2) convolutional neural network (CNN), (3) recurrent neural network (RNN), (4) facial expression databases, and (5) ethics in the development of intelligent systems. Conclusion: This systematic literature review showcases the significance of AI in revolutionizing educational practices through emotion assessment. While advancements are evident, challenges related to accuracy, privacy, and cross-cultural validity were also identified. The synthesis of existing research highlights the need for further research into refining AI models for emotion recognition and emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in implementing AI technologies within educational contexts.

Positive mental health of Latin American university professors: A scientific framework for intervention and improvement.

The post-pandemic stage covid-19 has revealed overloads, ambiguities, and conflicts of teachers in the performance of new roles in hybrid classrooms that demanded an urgent adaptation, this highlighted the need for priority attention to the mental health of teachers, however, there are still insufficient studies that transcend the diagnosis and are committed to establish proposals for improvement. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish a proposal for the promotion of positive mental health (PMH). METHODS: The study was deployed from a qualitative approach; using an ethnomethodological design that allowed studying how teachers create meanings and sense in their work context, an appreciative interview was conducted with an affirmative theme that allowed teachers to expose their experiences that were systematized and processed with ATLAS. ti software. The application of the interview was conducted online through a Google form, during the months of February and March 2023. Three hundred university professors who experienced the pandemic in universities in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru participated, based on a convenience sampling. RESULTS: The results of the deductive phase confirmed Lluch's PMH theoretical framework; however, new nuances or variations have been identified, which must be considered in the complex and dynamic nature of each PMH factor. From there, the results of the inductive phase allowed revealing emerging concepts, that is, new categories that would have the function of improving the PMH factors, which is why they have been denominated: dynamizing nuclei. PMH dynamizing nuclei are adjustment to work environment, soft skills, work-family balance, self-motivation, self-efficacy, subjective well-being, proactive strategies, engagement, resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, with the results of both phases, the creation of an integrated model was generated, which was evaluated by six experts in a round of feedback, who highlighted the relevance of the findings and offered recommendations that were considered in the study. The new integrated model has revealed an interesting association, since it not only legitimizes the PMH's dynamizing cores, but also informs on which specific factor of the PMH these cores have the greatest impact, which has a high guiding value for intervention and improvement based on focused strategies.

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in University Teachers in Hybrid Education.

Introduction: The scientific literature argues the urgent need for adequate tools to assess burnout in human service professionals, however, little progress has been made on this in university teachers in hybrid environments, even though after the pandemic, these work scenarios are predominant. Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of invariance between male and female teachers of hybrid education in the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI). Method: The anonymous, self-administered SBI was administered to 1060 university teachers in Lima, Peru, from online random sampling. Of the total number of participants, 626 were women (59.1%) and 434 were men (40.9%), with an age range of 22 to 76 years, with a mean of 46.97 and a standard deviation of 10.256. It should be noted that 74.5% of the teachers worked full time. The analysis used the statistical programs AMOS v24, SPSS v26 and R-Project v4.1.2. First, a descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as a multivariate normality test of the data. Secondly, confirmatory factor analysis was performed; finally, a factorial invariance test was performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha of the SBI was 0.827, and for each subscale: Enthusiasm toward the job (0.742), Psychological exhaustion (0.889), Indolence (0.819), Guilt (0.816). According to the fit indicators, the confirmatory factor model is adequate. The results supported configural invariance, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and strict invariance in the male and female groups, although further investigation of some items specific to the indolence factor is needed. Conclusion: The SBI is a valid instrument to assess burnout in university teachers in hybrid environments. Studies associated with the SBI focus on its psychometric properties, burnout prevalence, related variables, and literature reviews. The validation of the SBI in various countries and service areas is discussed, as well as future implications for intervention in burnout prevention and mastery.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Spanish Burnout Inventory Among Professionals Across 17 Countries and Regions.

Studies on the prevalence of burnout in professionals in service organizations who work in direct contact with the clients or users of the organization have concluded that burnout is a serious health disorder that has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant advantage of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) over other instruments is that it provides a broader conceptualization of burnout by including feelings of guilt as a dimension of burnout to explain its development. However, the measurement invariance of the SBI across countries has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the SBI among professionals across 17 countries and regions in Europe, Latin America, and Asia, and in different languages. All the countries showed a good fit to the four-factor model, except the Indian sample, which was excluded from the measurement invariance study. Using the alignment method, it was possible to verify the scalar measurement invariance of the four SBI factors across 15 countries and one Spanish region (16 samples). The comparison of estimated latent means indicates that France is the country with the lowest scores on the Enthusiasm factor and the highest scores on the negative factors (Exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt). In contrast, the Andean countries, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador, show the highest latent means on the Enthusiasm factor and the lowest means on the negative factors. These results support the validity of the SBI in the countries and regions in Europe and Latin America included in this study.

La producción científica de investigadores cubanos sobre hipertensión arterial en Scopus / The scientific production of cuban researchers on arterial hypertension in Scopus

Señor director: La producción científica sobre hipertensión arterial en Scopus, en la que participan investigadores cubanos, es significativa y ofrece aportes importantes a la Medicina. Así, Cuba se destaca entre los siete primeros países de Latinoamérica con mayor número de producción científica sobre hipertensión arterial en esta prestigiosa base de datos bibliográfica. En la actualidad, los estudios bibliométricos existentes en Scopus sobre esta temática (que son muy escasos) no se detienen, suficientemente, en el reconocimiento de la producción científica latinoamericana y en particular la producción científica cubana. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de las afecciones de mayor incidencia en casi todos los países del mundo,1 de ahí la tendencia global de ser cada vez más efectivos en su concepción, diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención, promoción y educación en salud. Por ello, las producciones científicas son un aspecto esencial en la que se cristalizan valiosas prácticas, experiencias y saberes que se constituyen en un legado a la humanidad. Cuba cuenta con una trayectoria...(AU)

Dinámica interactiva del autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina / Interactive dynamics of personal and profesional self-development in the socio-humanistic formation of the medical student

Introducción: Los médicos tienen un rol trascendental en la sociedad en tanto se constituyen en gestores de uno de los principales tesoros del ser humano: la salud. El presente estudio hace énfasis en el proceso formativo de estos profesionales, al considerar el comportamiento del estudiante de medicina, y la importancia de sus relaciones sociales e interpersonales, para una adecuada proyección humana en el contexto socio-profesional. Objetivo: Elaborar el modelo de la dinámica interactiva de autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, con enfoque cualitativo, desde el paradigma socio-crítico, a través del método de estudio de casos múltiples. Para la recolección de la información se empleó la entrevista a profundidad, el cuestionario y los grupos focales, que se constituyeron en la base empírica del modelo propuesto, el cual fue construido con el método holístico-dialéctico. Resultados: La novedad científica del estudio se constata en la lógica de la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina, configurada desde el autodesarrollo personal profesional, que con carácter social-interactivo se expresa en la construcción formativa de nuevos autorreferentes personales en y para la profesión médica. Conclusiones: El modelo de la dinámica interactiva del autodesarrollo personal-profesional en la formación socio-humanista del estudiante de medicina expresa la unidad dialéctica entre la dimensión formativa humana-profesional y la dimensión trascendente socio-humanista profesional, donde se revela como regularidad esencial la sistematización formativa de autorreferentes personales en y para la profesión(AU)

Introduction: Doctors have a transcendental role in society as they become managers of one of the main treasures of the human being: health. This study emphasizes the training process of these professionals, considering the medical students' behavioras well as the importance of their social and interpersonal relationships, for an adequate human projection in the socio-professional context. Objective: To elaborate the model of the interactive dynamics of personal-professional self-development in the socio-humanistic training of the medical student. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out, with a qualitative approach and using the socio-critical paradigm through the method of multiple case study. To collect the information, in-depth interview, questionnaire and focus groups were used, which became the empirical basis of the proposed model, which was built with the holistic-dialectical method. Results: The scientific novelty of the study is found in the logic of the socio-humanist training of medical students, shaped from professional personal self-development, which, with a social-interactive character, is expressed in the formative construction of new personal self-referents in and for the medical profession. Conclusions: The model of the interactive dynamics of personal-professional self-development in the socio-humanist training of the medical student expresses the dialectical unity between the human-professional formative dimension and the transcendent professional socio-humanist dimension, where the essential regularity revealed is the formative systematization of personal self-referents in and for the profession(AU)

Trasplante hepático en paciente con cirrosis secundaria a glucogenosis tipo IIIa y carcinoma hepatocelular / Liver transplantation in patients with type IIIa glycogen storage disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver transplantation in patients with type IIIa glycogen storage disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Type III glycogen storage disease (GSD-III) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to the deficiency of the glycogen debrancher enzyme. 80% of the patients have hepatic and muscular involvement (IIIa), compared to 15% with only liver involvement (IIIb). As the life expectancy improves in these patients, the possible liver complications are better understood.

Gastric schwannoma presenting as a casual ultrasonographic findings.

We present the case of a patient under study due to ascites in which a mass located on the gastric wall was observed during ultrasonography. Further studies (upper endoscopy and computed tomography) confirmed this finding. After an ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy, diagnosis of gastric schwannoma was made as intense S-100 expression was found. Surgery was rejected due to the bad clinical situation of the patient and because the mass was an asymptomatic benign tumor.

Schwannoma gástrico como hallazgo ecográfico casual / Gastric schwannoma presenting as a casual ultrasonographic findings

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Consenso Paraguayo de Hipertensión Arterial 2015

Este consenso fue ideado por el Director del Programa Nacional de Prevención Cardiovascular del M.S P. y B.S. (Paraguay) a raíz de que se necesitaba un documento actualizado que sirva como guía a los profesionales de la salud de todos los niveles de atención incluyendo a las diferentes especialidades, que tratan la hipertensión arterial y sus complicaciones agudas y crónicas. A través del convenio entre el Programa Nacional de Prevención Cardiovascular y la Sociedad Paraguaya de Cardiología de realizar actualizaciones de las Guías o documentos para difusión de manejo de patologías cardiovasculares y factores de riesgo asociados, se ha decidido elaborar y lanzar este material, que será utilizado como guía oficial en todo el territorio nacional. Con mesas de trabajo de varios días y la colaboración de representantes de sociedades científicas afines y asesores internacionales se ha logrado esta guía. Se presentan recomendaciones para facilitar el manejo de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y sus complicaciones, con el propósito de disminuir la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Han sido elaboradas según las evidencias científicas y conocimiento de expertos, con un enfoque práctico y sencillo. Todos los participantes aprobaron las decisiones finales. Los autores reconocen que la publicación y difusión de directrices serán siempre una guía práctica y que permitirá a los médicos ampliar los conocimientos con las recomendaciones propuestas, detectar precozmente el daño de órganos blancos y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes hipertensos.

This consensus was conceived by the Director of the National Program of Cardiovascular Prevention of the M.S P. y B.S. (Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Paraguay) because an updated document was necessary as a guide for health professional of all care levels including different specialties that treat arterial hypertension and its acute and chronic complications. Through this consensus between the National Program of Cardiovascular Prevention and the Paraguayan Cardiology Society of updating Guides or documents for the dissemination of the management of cardiovascular pathologies and associated risk factors it was decided to elaborate and launch this material that will be used as an official guide in the national territory. This guide was achieved after working tables held during several days and the collaboration of representatives of related scientific societies and international advisers. Recommendations for facilitating the management of patients with arterial hypertension and its complications are presented in order to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. They have been elaborated according to scientific evidence and knowledge of experts with a practical and simple approach. All the participants approved the final decisions. The authors recognize that the publications and dissemination of guidelines will always be a practical guide that will allow physicians to increase their knowledge with the proposed recommendation in order to early detect the damage of target organs and improve the quality of life of the hypertensive patients.

Hipertensión portal e ictericia colestásica como forma de presentación de una amiloidosis sistémica / Portal hypertension and cholestatic jaundice as a form of presentation of systemic amyloidosis

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Experiencia en reimplantación coclear. Estudio descriptivo durante un período de 20 años / Experience in cochlear reimplantation. Descriptive study of a 20-year period

Introducción y objetivos: El implante coclear es un procedimiento quirúrgico que ha presentado un incremento sustancial, debido a que la población pediátrica es diagnosticada e implantada de forma temprana y al incremento de indicaciones posibles. Este dispositivo tiene el riesgo inherente de presentar fallos en su funcionamiento, siendo esta la causa más frecuente de explantación. Nuestro objetivo es conocer las causas que en nuestra serie nos han llevado a ello y confirmar si se ajusta a la realidad según lo revisado en la literatura médica. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional y descriptivo de 859 cirugías de implante coclear, realizadas entre octubre de 1991 y mayo de 2011. Las causas de explantación fueron clasificadas según el Consenso Europeo de Fallos y Explantaciones de los Implantes Cocleares. Resultados: La tasa de reimplantación fue de 6,16% (n = 51). La causa más frecuente de explantación fue el fallo técnico del dispositivo (45,5%), seguida de infección/rechazo del implante (23,6%) y actualización del mismo (12,7%). Entre las causas menos frecuentes se encontraron 3 casos (5,6%) por malinserción de los electrodos, 2 casos (3,6%) de fallo por osificación, 2 (3,6%) por traumatismo craneoencefálico, 2 (3,6%) por realización de resonancia nuclear magnética y un caso (1,8%) por enfermedad psiquiátrica. Conclusiones: La reimplantación coclear es un procedimiento seguro, que presenta una baja tasa de complicaciones. En nuestro centro alcanza una tasa global de 6,16%. El fallo técnico del dispositivo sigue siendo la causa más frecuente de este procedimiento, con un importante porcentaje de reimplantes por actualización del dispositivo (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The cochlear implant is a surgical procedure that has increased substantially, because the paediatric population is diagnosed and implanted early and because there are increased potential indications. This device has the inherent risk of failure in performance, as dies any active medical device, which is the most common cause of implant removal. Our goal was to understand what the causes that produced removal in our series were, and confirm if these conformed to reality as reviewed in the literature. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 859 cochlear implant surgeries carried out between October 1991 and May 2011. The causes of implant removal were classified according to the European Consensus Statement on Cochlear Implant Failures and Explantations. Results: The reimplantation rate was 6.16% (n = 51). The most common reason for removal was technical device failure (45.5%), followed by infection/rejection (23.6%) and upgrade (12.7%). Less common causes: there were 3 cases (5.6%) of electrode misplacement, 2 cases (3.6%) of labyrinthine ossification, 2 (3.6%) as a result of head trauma, 2 (3.6%) from need for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and 1 case (1.8%) from psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Cochlear reimplantation is a safe procedure, with a low complication rate. In our centre, it reaches an overall rate of 6.16%. Technical device failure remains the most common cause of this procedure, although there is a significant percentage of reimplantation for device update (AU)

Experience in cochlear reimplantation. Descriptive study of a 20-year period.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The cochlear implant is a surgical procedure that has increased substantially, because the paediatric population is diagnosed and implanted early and because there are increased potential indications. This device has the inherent risk of failure in performance, as dies any active medical device, which is the most common cause of implant removal. Our goal was to understand what the causes that produced removal in our series were, and confirm if these conformed to reality as reviewed in the literature. METHODS: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational study of 859 cochlear implant surgeries carried out between October 1991 and May 2011. The causes of implant removal were classified according to the European Consensus Statement on Cochlear Implant Failures and Explantations. RESULTS: The reimplantation rate was 6.16% (n=51). The most common reason for removal was technical device failure (45.5%), followed by infection/rejection (23.6%) and upgrade (12.7%). Less common causes: there were 3 cases (5.6%) of electrode misplacement, 2 cases (3.6%) of labyrinthine ossification, 2 (3.6%) as a result of head trauma, 2 (3.6%) from need for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and 1 case (1.8%) from psychiatric illness. CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear reimplantation is a safe procedure, with a low complication rate. In our centre, it reaches an overall rate of 6.16%. Technical device failure remains the most common cause of this procedure, although there is a significant percentage of reimplantation for device update.

Trastorno congénito de la glucosilación: experiencia en el primer paciente hipoacúsico tratado con implante coclear / Congenital disorders of glycosylation: first deaf patient treated with a cochlear implant

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Hepatoportal sclerosis clinical different evolutionary stages: presentation of 3 cases and literature review.

Hepatoportal sclerosis (HPS) is characterized by presinusoidal intrahepatic portal hypertension associated with splenomegaly and anemia in patients with non-cirrhotic liver. Liver biopsy is essential, especially to rule out other processes. Being a disease of unknown etiology, the majority of cases have been described in eastern countries. However, it may be an underdiagnosed disease in the West. Symptoms are related to portal hypertension and the clinical spectrum is wide, ranging from anemia with normal liver function tests to bleeding due to esophageal varices. Treatment is directed to the complications and the prognosis is better than in patients with cirrhosis.We report three cases of HPS presenting at different clinical stages and the findings of liver biopsies, the clinical outcomes and a review of scientific literature.