Cervical cancer in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso: Results of a screening campaign by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA screening in Burkina Faso)

This study was conducted to describe the distribution of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix uteri, enumerated during a mass screening in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 577 women aged 18 to 60 years, carried out from November 23 to December 19, 2013, in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the rural commune of Bama. Regarding the screening results, 89 participants (15.4%) were positive for pre-malignant cervical lesions. Chi-square testing and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the likelihood of cervical pre-cancer lesion in the women. Participants less than 29 years old were approximately 3 times more likely to have cervical lesions than participants >39 years. Participants who were parous (1-3 deliveries) and multiparous (four or more deliveries) were approximately 4 times more likely to present with cervical lesions than nulliparous women. Access to screening services is low in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Further research should be conducted to understand the incidence and distribution of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions in Burkina Faso. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[6]:97-103).

The Place of Reductive Surgery in the Management of Gestational Ulcerative Gigantomastia: A Case Report at Sourô Sanou Teaching Hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational gigantomastia is a rare benign disease of unknown cause. We report a case of bilateral gigantomastia in pregnancy in order to locate the place of reductive surgery in its care which is quite controversial. CASE: A 25-year-old woman gravida 2 para 1 was referred for an exaggerated bilateral breast enlargement at 32-week gestation. The examination showed bilateral giant breasts with collateral venous circulation and trophic changes marked by the necrosis of the distal third of the mammary skin involving the nipple-areolar complex. She underwent a biopsy of the ulcerative breast tissue, and the histology report did not show a malignant cell. After active foetal lung maturation and induced delivery, a breast reductive surgery with nipple plasty was performed 21 days postpartum. The postoperative course was marked by a period of lymphangitis. The cosmetic and psychological result was satisfactory at 6 months and at 18 months. CONCLUSION: Gestational gigantomastia is a benign disease that can simulate carcinomatous mastitis. The breast reductive plasty keeps its place in our context.

[Sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation revealed by seizure: case study]. / Cavernomatose cérébrale sporadique révélée par une crise convulsive: à propos d'un cas.

Cerebral cavernous malformation is rare. It can occur sporadically or as a familial autosomal dominant disorder (FCCM). It is characterized by the presence of multiple cavernous malformations of the central nervous system. It is often asymptomatic and can be revealed by several symptoms including cerebro-meningeal hemorrhage, headaches or epilepsy. We report the case of a 55-year old patient, with no particular past medical history, with sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation revealed by seizure. Through this case study and literature review, we aim to highlight the clinical and radiological features (scanner and MRI) of this disease.

[Juvenile retinoschisis and macular hole: a case report]. / Retinoschisis juvenile et trou maculaire: à propos d'un cas.

Juvenile retinoschisis is an inherited macular dystrophy that is transmitted in the chromosome X-linked recessive mode. Clinical signs include a macular star, with or without peripheral retinoschisis, responsible for decreased visual acuity. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy received for a visual acuity decline (VAD). His visual acuity after the best correction is 10/100 on the right and 20/100 on the left. The anterior segment examination shows no peculiarities. In funduscopy, macular striations and macular hole are observed respectivelly on the right and on the left, with inferotemporal schisis in the middle periphery. The electrophysiological assessment shows a major dysfunction of the electroretinogram. The evolution is aggravated by the occurrence of vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

Le rétinoschisis juvénile est une dystrophie maculaire héréditaire qui se transmet sur le mode récessif lié au chromosome X. Les signes cliniques incluent une étoile maculaire avec ou sans rétinoschisis périphérique responsable de baisse d'acuité visuelle. Nous rapportons le cas d'un garçon de 12 ans reçu pour une baisse d'acuité visuelle (BAV). Son acuité visuelle après la meilleure correction est de 10/100 à droite et 20/100 à gauche. L'examen du segment antérieur est sans particularités. Au fond d'œil on retrouve des stries maculaires à droite et un trou maculaire à gauche, avec un schisis inféro-temporal en moyenne périphérie. Le bilan électrophysiologique montre un dysfonctionnement majeur de l'électrorétinogramme. L'évolution est aggravée par la survenue d'une hémorragie intra vitréenne (HIV) et d'un décollement de rétine (DDR).

Breast cancer revealed by a paraneoplastic cerebellar syndrome: about one case and literature review.

To describe a case of breast cancer manifested by cerebellar syndrome and to establish a relationship between breast cancer and Paraneoplastic syndromes through the presence of anti- yo antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of a patient. Our patient was 52 years old, Multipara with 5 children alive. She had been 3 years post-menopausal under Hormonal Replacement Therapy. Weight: 46.7 Kg; Height: 1.60 m; Body Surface Area: 1.59 m(2). Nil history of alcohol or tobacco smoking. Nil history suggestive of malignancies or autoimmune diseases. Her Blood group was oRh positive, nil presence of irregular agglutinins. She was admitted to the neurology service for vertigo and it was determined an isolated cerebellar syndrome. All tests were negative including tumor markers and radiological imaging. The clinical gynecological examination was perfectly normal. The diagnosis hypothesis was "meningo-encephalocerebellitis of viral origin" but with persistence and aggravation of the cerebellar syndrome, despite treatment. We decided to search, antibodies, anti-Hu, anti-Yo, anti-Ri, and anti Ta. Anti Yo was positive + + + in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of the patient. The search for a gynecological cancer included a mammography which revealed micro calcifications in the left breast + + +. A lumpectomy of the left breast accompanied with x-ray identification of the micro calcifications was done and the histology showed a High Grade Intraductal carcinoma of the left breast with two homes of 3mm and 1 mm, corresponding to an infiltrating carcinoma of the left breast, grade II tumor of Scarff and Bloom (SBRII, 21 N + / 26, RH +, low Ki 67) and Estrogen and progesterone receptor positive +: multifocal cancer. Following the lumpectomy, mastectomy with ganglion clearing was done with adjuvant chemotherapy (FEC 6 Cycles): histology still showed Infiltrating Intraductal Carcinoma of the left breast, grade II tumor of Scarff and Bloom. Radiotherapy was followed and he patient was placed on hormonal therapy with Tamoxifen. The Patient's general condition was good with regression of cerebellar syndrome. Anti-Yo auto antibodies are quasi-specific for gynecological or breast tumors. Several hypotheses have been advanced on the pathophysiology and one wonders if someday, it will fail to do a very early diagnosis of cancer, including the breast cancers on the basis of the antigen-antibody reaction.