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INTRODUCTION: There is increasing evidence in favor of enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) through mobile health (mHealth) assessment and intervention. The study aims to establish the willingness to adopt mobile phone technology to enhance adherence to ART among PLHIV. METHODS: The Researchers adopted a cross-sectional survey. Systematic sampling was employed in selecting 237 PLHIV in the HIV clinic for adults at Ido-Ekiti's Federal Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Data collection was via a 33-item semi-structured questionnaire administered by the interviewer. Information collected via the questionnaire included details on ownership of mobile phone technology, its usage, and willingness to use it to improve adherence to HIV medication. Descriptive statistics coupled with multivariate regression was employed in analyzing data, with the level of significance at 5%. RESULTS: The respondent's had a mean ±SD age of 46.6 ±10 years. Most of the participants were female (77.6%), and have been on ART for over 2years (88.2%). The vast majority of study participants 233 (98.3%) owned a mobile phone. 168 (70.9%) of them were willing to embrace mHealth interventions on medication adherence. Some of the factors influencing the respondent's willingness to receive the intervention were older age (OR = 0.05, 95%Cl:[0.01-0.24]), having formal education (OR = 7.12, 95%Cl:[3.01-16.53]), being diagnosed over 10years ago (OR = 15.63, 95%Cl:[3.02-80.83]) and previous use of phone to send text messages, record video, access the internet, send email and search the internet for health-related information (OR = 2.2, 95%Cl:[1.2-3.9]; OR = 1.8, 95%Cl:[1.0-3.2]; OR = 2.5, 95%Cl:[1.4-4.7]; OR = 2.7, 95%Cl:[1.2-5.5] and OR = 2.0, 95%Cl:[1.0-3.8]) respectively. CONCLUSION: Many of the PLHIV had a cellphone and expressed willingness on their part to use it in receiving reminders to take their medication. Older age, formal education and internet users were significantly more willing to get reminders to take their medication.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Medication Adherence , Telemedicine , Tertiary Care Centers , Humans , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/psychology , Male , Medication Adherence/psychology , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nigeria , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Cell Phone , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the prevalence, bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural southwestern Nigeria. METHODS: We performed a hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients with T2DM and ASB. Demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaires. Urine samples were cultured using standard laboratory procedures, and bacterial colonies were isolated and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed using the disc diffusion technique. Relationships between variables were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Of the 280 participants, 73 (26.1%) had ASB (95% CI: 20.9%-31.2%). The most commonly identified isolate was E. coli (45/73; 61.7%), 100.0% of which were sensitive to cefuroxime but resistant to ciprofloxacin. Female sex (AOR, 6.132; 95% CI: 2.327-16.157), living below the poverty line (AOR, 2.066; 95% CI: 1.059-4.029), uncontrolled blood glucose (AOR, 2.097; 95% CI: 1.000-4.404), and a history of indwelling urethral catheterization (AOR, 14.521; 95% CI: 4.914-42.908) were associated with ASB. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that cefuroxime should be used as an empirical treatment, pending urine culture and sensitivity, and that efforts should be made to prevent ASB in rural southwestern Nigeria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Bacteriuria , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Humans , Female , Bacteriuria/drug therapy , Bacteriuria/epidemiology , Bacteriuria/microbiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Escherichia coli , Cefuroxime , Nigeria/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Much previous research on exclusive breastfeeding has focused on urban and semi-urban communities, while there is still a paucity of data from rural areas. We assessed the attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding and its predictors among mothers attending the under-five welfare clinics in a rural community. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutively recruited 217 mothers attending the three health facilities under-five welfare clinics in Ido-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria. Information was collected with a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from previously published research works. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. RESULTS: More than half of the mothers, 117(53.9%) were ≥30 years old, and 191(88.0%) were married. Almost all, 216 (99.5%) attended an ante-natal clinic; however, 174(80.2%) delivered in the health facility. The respondent's mean ± SD exclusive breastfeeding attitudinal score was 29.94 ± 2.14 (maximum obtainable score was 36), and the proportion of mothers that practiced exclusive breastfeeding was 40.6%. Married mothers were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than their unmarried counterparts (AOR:6.324, 95%CI:1.809-22.114). The common reasons for not practicing exclusive breastfeeding were work schedule 57(26.3%), cultural beliefs and the need to introduce herbal medicine 32(14.7%), and insufficient breast milk 30(13.8%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a good disposition with a suboptimal practice towards exclusive breastfeeding. Also, being married was a positive predictor of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, we recommend policies that will improve exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in rural areas, especially those targeting the unmarried, to achieve the World Health Organization's target.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Rural Population , Female , Humans , Adult , Nigeria , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , MothersABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence suggesting that adolescents are contributing to the populations at risk of malaria. This study determined the prevalence of malaria infection among the adolescents and examined the associated determinants considering socio-demographic, Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) usage, and hematological factors in rural Southwestern Nigeria. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2021 and September 2022 among 180 adolescents who were recruited at a tertiary health facility in rural Southwestern Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaire sought information on their socio-demographics and usage of LLINs. Venous blood samples were collected and processed for malaria parasite detection, ABO blood grouping, hemoglobin genotype, and packed cell volume. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of malaria infection was 71.1% (95% CI: 68.2%-73.8%). Lack of formal education (AOR = 2.094; 95% CI: 1.288-3.403), being a rural residence (AOR = 4.821; 95% CI: 2.805-8.287), not using LLINs (AOR = 1.950; 95% CI: 1.525-2.505), genotype AA (AOR = 3.420; 95% CI: 1.003-11.657), genotype AS (AOR = 3.574; 95%CI: 1.040-12.277), rhesus positive (AOR = 1.815; 95% CI:1.121-2.939), and severe anemia (AOR = 1.533; 95% CI: 1.273-1.846) were significantly associated with malaria infection. CONCLUSION: The study revealed the prevalence of malaria infection among the adolescents in rural Southwestern Nigeria. There may be need to pay greater attention to adolescent populations for malaria intervention and control programs.
Subject(s)
Insecticide-Treated Bednets , Insecticides , Malaria , Humans , Nigeria/epidemiology , Rural Population , Cross-Sectional Studies , Malaria/epidemiology , Malaria/prevention & control , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Background: Despite being the second most common and deadliest cancer in males, prostate cancer could go unnoticed in the early stages. Prevention programs have been set in place to help in the early detection and reduction of mortality rates in developed countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine awareness, knowledge, and the uptake of prostate cancer screening tests. Another objective was to identify the factors that determine the uptake of prostate cancer screening among men living in Ido-Ekiti. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among males aged 40 and above living in Ido-Ekiti in Ido-Osi local government area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample size of 380 respondents was obtained using Leslie Fisher's formula. Results: The study revealed that the majority of the correspondents are aware of prostate cancer (57.9%). More than two-thirds of the respondents have poor knowledge of prostate cancer and the screening test (74.4%), with a median knowledge score of 30%. The uptake of prostate cancer screening tests was very low among the respondents (18.2%). Conclusion: Despite the high level of awareness of prostate cancer disease among the respondents, the majority have poor knowledge of the disease and the screening test. There was a low uptake of prostate cancer screening tests among the respondents.
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Introduction: the cost of illness (COI) of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has detrimental effects on healthcare outcomes in addition to the serious economic impact on patients and their families. This study estimated and compared the COI of NCDs and its predictors in private and public health facilities (HF) in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: the study was carried out in selected HF (39 private; 11 public) using a comparative cross-sectional design with a mixed method of data collection. Quantitative data were collected from 348 hypertensive and/or diabetic patients (173 private; 175 public) using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire while qualitative data were from 5 key informant interviews (KII) conducted with HF heads or their representatives. Results: the average monthly COI of NCDs was higher among patients in private (â¦15,750.38±14,286.47 [US$43.75±39.68]) than in public HF (â¦13,283.37±16,432.68 [US$ 36.90±45.65]) (P<0.001), however, the indirect cost was higher in public HF (private, â¦1,561.07 [US$4.34]; public, â¦3,739.26 [US$10.39]) (p<0.001). Predictors of COI of NCDs identified were income and admission in both groups. Additionally, age, payment method, type of NCDs, having two or more complications, and exercise were identified in private while socioeconomic status, length of diagnosis, and alcohol were identified in public HF. The KII revealed a long waiting time for the public HF patients which accounted for the huge indirect cost. Conclusion: the study found a huge indirect cost in the public HF that could be minimized by developing policies that would reduce the waiting time of patients. Government and private interventions targeting identified predictors should be applied to reduce the financial burden of NCD.
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Noncommunicable Diseases , Humans , Nigeria , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cost of Illness , Health FacilitiesABSTRACT
Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine have been met with varying perceptions that may have both negative and positive effects on the willingness to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. The study is set to determine the perception and willingness of the household heads to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in a rural community in Southwestern, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 409 household heads selected through a multistage sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaireusing the Health Belief model constructs. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to determine the association between perception and willingness to uptake vaccine. P<0.05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval.Results:The majority of the unvaccinated respondents in the study were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (60.1%). There was a poor perception of the susceptibility/severity of unvaccinated respondents to COVID-19 infection and a poor perception of the benefit/barrier to the uptake of the COVID-19vaccine. Perception of susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection were statistically related to the willingness to uptake the COVID-19vaccine.Conclusion:There should be an increase in awareness campaigns to change the perception of people positively to COVID-19 infection and uptake of the COVID-19vaccine.
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Rural Population , Awareness , Therapeutics , Family Characteristics , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , PandemicsABSTRACT
Congenital midline cervical cleft (CMCC) is an extremely rare anomaly of the neck that typically presents in the neonatal period as a thin suprasternal vertical band of erythematous skin with a nipple-like projection. We present the management of this uncommon and rarely described entity in a 9-year-old girl.
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Background: Hypertension is a serious health problem and it is one of the diseases that impair health-related quality of life. The central tenet of care should be to improve health-related quality of life and overall well-being and not just be limited to improving clinical outcomes. This study assesses and compares health-related quality of life and its predictors among hypertensive patients in two government hospitals in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving 440 hypertensive patients (220 in each group), recruited using a systematic sampling technique within the hospitals. Data on socio-demographic, economic and clinical characteristics including the cost of care for hypertension were collected from the patients. The WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess health-related quality of life. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Results: All domains of health-related quality of life were better among patients in federal government teaching hospitals, however, only the physical (T = -7.932, p < 0.001) and overall (T = -2.783, p = 0.006) domains were of statistical significance. An inverse relationship between cost and health-related quality of life was found in the two hospitals (State: r = -0.224, p = 0.001; Federal: r = -0.378, p < 0.001). Identified predictors of health-related quality of life were age, locality of residence, income, number of complications, exercise and smoking in both hospitals. Other predictors were marital status, living arrangement, occupation, number of medications, and involvement in religious and spiritual activities among patients in the state government teaching hospital; household size, length of diagnosis, and indirect cost among patients in the federal government teaching hospital. Conclusion: There is a need to support hypertensive patients in the state government teaching hospitals to reduce the inequality of low health-related quality of life among them. Identified predictors should be taken into consideration when putting in place policies that will improve the health-related quality of life of these patients.
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Commercial motorcycle (CM) accidents constitute a major public concern in Nigeria. There is 8:10 chance that injuries resulting from these accidents are severe and debilitating including head and spinal injuries. This study is aimed at producing useful data on the prevalence, frequency, and determinants of helmet use among commercial motorcyclist in Ido-Osi Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive/cross-sectional study. A total of 360 respondents were selected by multi-stage sampling technique and interviewed using assisted self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Determinants of helmet use examined included age, educational level, marital status and religion. There was a 100% response rate. More than half of the respondents were within the age range of 20-29 years 164(53.6%) with the mean age of the study participants 29.9. The prevalence of helmet usage among commercial motorcyclist was 23.5%. The commonest reason for not using a crash helmet in this study was non-availability. The commonest reason for the non-availability of the welding helmet was the cost of the helmet. Less than half of the respondents were able to show or present helmet although some of the helmet presented were sub-standard (39.7%). The study also revealed irregular use of helmets among the respondents that used a helmet while riding a motorcycle as only 2.7% of them used it for all the five riding sessions assessed in this study. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, educational level, marital status and the use of helmets among respondents with p values of 0.005, 0.027, and 0.009, respectively. The prevalence of the use of helmets among the motorcyclist in this study is low despite the high level of awareness of legislation among the respondents on the use of helmets during riding. There is a need for the government to make provision for a safety helmet for this group of people at a subsidized rate if it cannot be given free of charge because of the economic situation of the country. There is a need to carry out behavioral change communication for this group of people.