Fluorescence in depth: integration of spectroscopy and imaging with Raman, IR, and CD for advanced research.

Fluorescence spectroscopy serves as a vital technique for studying the interaction between light and fluorescent molecules. It encompasses a range of methods, each presenting unique advantages and applications. This technique finds utility in various chemical studies. This review discusses Fluorescence spectroscopy, its branches such as Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRFS) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), and their integration with other spectroscopic methods, including Raman, Infrared (IR), and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. By delving into these methods, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and significance of fluorescence spectroscopy in scientific research, highlighting its diverse applications and the enhanced understanding it brings when combined with other spectroscopic methods. This review looks at each technique's unique features and applications. It discusses the prospects of their combined use in advancing scientific understanding and applications across various domains.

Soluble thiabendazolium salts with anthelminthic properties.

Thiabendazole is an anthelmintic drug used to treat strongyloidiasis (threadworm), cutaneous and visceral larva migrans, trichinosis, and other parasites. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is typically administered orally as tablets that should be chewed before swallowing. Current formulations combine the active ingredient with excipients, including sodium saccharinate as a sweetener. Thiabendazole's low aqueous solubility hinders fast dissolution and absorption through the mucous membranes. We sought to reformulate this medicine to improve both solubility and palatability. We utilized the possibility of protonation of the azole nitrogen atom and selected four different hydrogen donors: saccharin, fumaric, maleic, and oxalic acids. Solvothermal synthesis resulted in salts with each co-former, whereas neat and liquid-assisted grinding enabled the synthesis of additional formulations. Product formation was observed by powder X-ray diffraction. To better understand the structural basis of the proton transfer, we solved the crystal structures of the salts with saccharin, maleic acid, and oxalic acid using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the salt with fumaric acid was solved by powder X-ray diffraction. We further characterized the salts with vibrational spectroscopic and thermoanalytical methods. We report a broad tunability of the aqueous solubility of thiabendazole by salt formation. Reformulation with maleic acid provided a 60-fold increase in solubility, while saccharin and oxalic acid gave a modest improvement. Fumaric acid resulted in a solid with only slightly higher solubility. Furthermore, saccharin is a sweetener, while the acids taste sour. Therefore, the salts formed also result in an intrinsic improvement of palatability. These results can inform new strategies for oral and chewable tablet formulations for treating helminthic infections.

Handling fluorinated gases as solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks.

Fluorine is an increasingly common substituent in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals because it improves the bioavailability and metabolic stability of organic molecules. Fluorinated gases represent intuitive building blocks for the late-stage installation of fluorinated groups, but they are generally overlooked because they require the use of specialized equipment. We report a general strategy for handling fluorinated gases as benchtop-stable solid reagents using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Gas-MOF reagents are prepared on gram-scale and used to facilitate fluorovinylation and fluoroalkylation reactions. Encapsulation of gas-MOF reagents within wax enables stable storage on the benchtop and controlled release into solution upon sonication, which represents a safer alternative to handling the gas directly. Furthermore, our approach enables high-throughput reaction development with these gases.