Spontaneous early-onset glomerulonephritis in a 8-week-old male Crj:CD1 (ICR) mouse.

Glomerular lesions including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis occur spontaneously in aged mice, but they are rare in young animals. In our laboratory, spontaneous glomerulonephritis was observed in an 8-week-old male Crj:CD1 (ICR) mouse. Macroscopically, the bilateral kidneys were discolored, but no edema or ascites was observed. Glomerular lesions were characterized by a thickening of capillary walls, a double-contoured basement membrane and mesangial expansion due to increased amounts of matrix. Ultrastructurally, mesangial interposition in the capillary wall and subendothelial deposition of basement membrane-like material were observed. No evidence of immune complex deposition or amyloid was found. On the basis of the observed clinical pathology and histopathology, a secondary form of glomerular lesion was excluded. The glomerular lesion was compatible with glomerulonephritis in a young Crj:CD1 (ICR) mouse.

Direct progression of capsular invasive carcinomas from subcapsular focal hyperplasias induced by hypothyroidism-mediated tumor promotion in a rat two-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model.

PURPOSE: Some goitrogens promote thyroid carcinogenesis in rats in an initiation-promotion model; this model frequently produces carcinomas that invade fibrously thickened capsules, termed capsular invasive carcinomas (CICs). The present study tested a hypothesis that CICs originate from parenchymal proliferative lesions located beneath the capsule. METHODS: Cell proliferation activity, cell-cycle kinetics and cellular invasion were immunohistochemically examined in subcapsular proliferative lesions in male F344 rats treated with an anti-thyroid agent, propylthiouracil or sulfadimethoxine, during the tumor-promotion phase after initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. RESULTS: Focal follicular cell hyperplasias (FFCHs) were the most commonly observed parenchymal proliferative lesions. Subcapsular FFCHs located near CICs showed more Ki-67(+) cells in the capsular side than the contrary parenchymal center side. Most of these FFCHs located near CICs showed accumulated immunoreactivity for cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase-2, whereas most subcapsular FFCHs located elsewhere did not show such accumulated expression of cell-cycle molecules. Subcapsular FFCHs immunoreactive at the capsular front for tenascin-C, a tumor invasion marker of extracellular matrix protein, showed high proliferation activity. CONCLUSIONS: Subcapsular FFCH-forming cells can potentially spread directly into the fibrously thickened capsule to form CICs by accelerating cell-cycle activity.

Involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta signaling and aberrant nucleocytoplasmic localization of retinoblastoma protein in tumor promotion in a rat two-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model.

To investigate the cell cycle kinetics during the tumor promotion process induced by hypothyroidism in a rat model of thyroid follicular cell carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis of cell cycle molecules and related signaling molecules was performed in conjunction with analysis of cell proliferation activity in an initiation-promotion model. Male F344 rats were injected with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine, and one week later treated with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) at 12ppm in the drinking water for 4, 10 or 15 weeks. At each time point, proliferative lesions increased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-2, in association with the development of lesion stages from the early focal hyperplasia to the late carcinoma, while a subpopulation of proliferative lesions showed decreased numbers of both cell division cycle-2- and Ki-67-positive cells at week 15 compared with that at week 10, suggesting a reduced promoting effect of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in the sensitive cellular population after long-term exposure to PTU. On the other hand, increased immunolocalization of phosphorylated and inactive glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta was observed in a subpopulation of proliferative lesions, in parallel with the cyclins and Cdk2. Nuclear immunoreactivity of phosphorylated and inactive retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was also increased in association with lesion development, with carcinomas showing increased cytoplasmic localization. The results suggest that proliferative lesions activate the cell cycle machinery following tumor promotion via a regulatory mechanism involving inactivation of GSK3beta and Rb protein, the latter signaling mechanism involving its aberrant nucleocytoplasmic transport for the acquisition of a malignant phenotype.

A case report of a cerebellar neuroblastoma in a p53 null mutation mouse.

We report a case of cerebellar neuroblastoma in a 19-week-old p53 null mutation mouse. A white and soft mass was observed at the cerebellar vermis. Histologically, the tumor consisted of solid growth of round to oval pleomorphic cells with frequent mitotic figures. While there were no typical cellular arrangements of embryonic neurogenic tumors, such as Homer-Wright rosette, perivascular pseudorosette, or streaming of neoplastic neurocytes, small populations of the neoplastic cells were immunohistochemically positive for synaptophysin, microtubule-associated protein 2, S-100 and nestin. Both glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin were entirely negative in the neoplastic cells. Based on the biological characteristics of neoplastic cells, this tumor was diagnosed as neuroblastoma of the cerebellar origin.