Implantación de un protocolo de recuperación precoz en artroplastia total de rodilla. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Implementation of a rapid recovery protocol in total knee arthroplasty. A randomized controlled trial

Introducción: Los programas de recuperación precoz (rapid recovery, RP) en artroplastia total de rodilla pueden mejorar la funcionalidad a la vez que se reducen los costes. El objetivo del estudio es comparar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitación precoz con nuestro protocolo habitual. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (NCT03823573) en pacientes operados de artroplastia total de rodilla. El grupo intervención (RP) recibió infiltración periarticular con levobupivacaína e inició deambulación supervisada a las 4-6 h tras la intervención. El grupo control (C) empleó drenaje y recibió un bloqueo femoral e inició la deambulación al retirar el drenaje. Los pacientes completaron un cuestionario Oxford Knee Score preoperatorio y a los 6 meses. La incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda asintomática se analizó mediante ecodoppler. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 175 pacientes (92 pacientes en el grupo C y 83 en el RP). No hubo diferencias en sexo, edad, tipo de prótesis, descenso de hemoglobina, necesidad de transfusiones, balance articular activo al alta (C: 82,6°; RP: 85°) ni al finalizar el seguimiento (C: 105,1°; RP: 106,6°), mejoría del cuestionario (C: 17,5 puntos; RP: 19,3 puntos), satisfacción del paciente o reatenciones hospitalarias (C: 7,6%; RP: 10,8%). Se observó significación en el tiempo de isquemia (C: 81,29 min; RP: 85,35 min; p=0,03), necesidad de rescate con opioides (C: 19,7%; RP: 38,6%; p=0,007), estancia media (C: 3,84 días; RP: 2,54 días; p<0,0001) y demora en la deambulación (C: 2,46 días; RP: 0,23 días; p<0,0001). Conclusión: El protocolo RP puede reducir la estancia hospitalaria sin aumentar las complicaciones ni las reatenciones.(AU)

Background: Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery program compared to our classic protocol. Patients and methods: We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made one month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months. Results: A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, hemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford Knee Score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%).Significancy was found on time of ischemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; P=0.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; P=0.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, P<0.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.(AU)

[Translated article] Implementation of a rapid recovery protocol in total knee arthroplasty. A randomised controlled trial / Implantación de un protocolo de recuperación precoz en artroplastia total de rodilla. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado

Introducción: Los programas de recuperación precoz (rapid recovery, RP) en artroplastia total de rodilla pueden mejorar la funcionalidad a la vez que se reducen los costes. El objetivo del estudio es comparar los resultados de un programa de rehabilitación precoz con nuestro protocolo habitual. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (NCT03823573) en pacientes operados de artroplastia total de rodilla. El grupo intervención (RP) recibió infiltración periarticular con levobupivacaína e inició deambulación supervisada a las 4-6 h tras la intervención. El grupo control (C) empleó drenaje y recibió un bloqueo femoral e inició la deambulación al retirar el drenaje. Los pacientes completaron un cuestionario Oxford Knee Score preoperatorio y a los 6 meses. La incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda asintomática se analizó mediante ecodoppler. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 175 pacientes (92 pacientes en el grupo C y 83 en el RP). No hubo diferencias en sexo, edad, tipo de prótesis, descenso de hemoglobina, necesidad de transfusiones, balance articular activo al alta (C: 82,6°; RP: 85°) ni al finalizar el seguimiento (C: 105,1°; RP: 106,6°), mejoría del cuestionario (C: 17,5 puntos; RP: 19,3 puntos), satisfacción del paciente o reatenciones hospitalarias (C: 7,6%; RP: 10,8%). Se observó significación en el tiempo de isquemia (C: 81,29 min; RP: 85,35 min; p=0,03), necesidad de rescate con opioides (C: 19,7%; RP: 38,6%; p=0,007), estancia media (C: 3,84 días; RP: 2,54 días; p<0,0001) y demora en la deambulación (C: 2,46 días; RP: 0,23 días; p<0,0001). Conclusión: El protocolo RP puede reducir la estancia hospitalaria sin aumentar las complicaciones ni las reatenciones.(AU)

Background: Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery program compared to our classic protocol. Patients and methods: We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made one month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months. Results: A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, hemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford Knee Score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%).Significancy was found on time of ischemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; P=0.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; P=0.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, P<0.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.(AU)

[Translated article] Implementation of a rapid recovery protocol in total knee arthroplasty. A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery programme compared to our classic protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made 1 month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, haemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford knee score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%). Significancy was found on time of ischaemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; p=.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; p=.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, p<.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; p<.0001). CONCLUSION: Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.

Modelo impreso en 3D para entrenamiento en ureteroscopia flexible, una opción de bajo coste para el entrenamiento quirúrgico / 3D printed model for flexible ureteroscopy training, a low-cost option for surgical training

Introducción La práctica en modelos experimentales es una opción válida que mejora los resultados y acorta las curvas de aprendizaje de las técnicas quirúrgicas.Nuestro objetivo fue desarrollar un modelo en plástico, impreso en 3D para la docencia, el entrenamiento y la formación en ureteroscopia flexible, analizando costes e idoneidad para la práctica de esta técnica quirúrgica.Métodos Se elaboró un modelo impreso en 3D a partir de una tomografía axial computarizada de una vía urinaria superior de un paciente real. La segmentación se llevó a cabo mediante el software HorosTM y la impresión mediante una impresora FDM-Ultimaker.Se numeró los cálices renales para ser identificados, como en el plan de formación de tratamiento endoscópico de litiasis, ejercicio 4, de la Asociación Europea de Urología.Se utilizaron: un ureteroscopio flexible desechable Innovex (Palex) y cestillas de nitinol (Coloplast).Resultados El tiempo de impresión fue de 19h, con un coste total de 8,77€.El modelo tridimensional permitió la introducción del ureteroscopio flexible y la exploración de los cálices renales por parte de urólogos tanto en formación como en ejercicio actual de la especialidad sin dificultad.El modelo también permitió la utilización de cestillas y la movilización y extracción de litiasis previamente colocadas.Conclusión Damos a conocer un modelo tridimensional válido para ejercicios de formación en ureteroscopia flexible con unos costes razonables, que permitirá adquirir la destreza y la confianza necesaria para iniciar el procedimiento en un escenario real (AU)

Introduction Training in experimental models is a valid option that improves the outcomes and shortens surgical learning curves.Our objective was to develop a 3D printed plastic model for teaching, training and education in flexible ureteroscopy, analyzing costs and suitability for the practice of this surgical technique.Methods A 3D printed model was developed based on a CT scan from a real-life patient's upper urinary tract. HorosTM software was used for segmentation and an FDM-Ultimaker for 3D printing.Renal calyces were numbered to be identified, as in the European Association of Urology Endoscopic Stone Treatment training curriculum, Task 4.The following were used: Innovex single-use flexible ureteroscope (Palex) and nitinol baskets (Coloplast).Results Printing time was 19hours, with a total cost of €8.77.The three-dimensional model allowed the insertion of the flexible ureteroscope and the exploration of the renal calyces by urologists in training as well as in current practice of the specialty without difficulty.The model also allowed the use of baskets and the mobilization and removal of previously placed stones.Conclusion We unveil a valid three-dimensional model for flexible ureteroscopy training exercises with reasonable costs, which will allow acquiring the necessary skills and confidence to initiate the procedure in a real-life scenario (AU)

3D printed model for flexible ureteroscopy training, a low-cost option for surgical training.

INTRODUCTION: Training in experimental models is a valid option that improves the outcomes and shortens surgical learning curves. Our objective was to develop a 3D printed plastic model for teaching, training and education in flexible ureteroscopy, analyzing costs and suitability for the practice of this surgical technique. METHODS: A 3D printed model was developed based on a CT scan from a real-life patient's upper urinary tract. Horos™ software was used for segmentation and an FDM-Ultimaker for 3D printing. Renal calyces were numbered to be identified, as in the European Association of Urology Endoscopic Stone Treatment training curriculum, Task 4. The following were used: Innovex single-use flexible ureteroscope (Palex) and nitinol baskets (Coloplast). RESULTS: Printing time was 19 h, with a total cost of €8.77. The three-dimensional model allowed the insertion of the flexible ureteroscope and the exploration of the renal calyces by urologists in training as well as in current practice of the specialty without difficulty. The model also allowed the use of baskets and the mobilization and removal of previously placed stones. CONCLUSION: We unveil a valid three-dimensional model for flexible ureteroscopy training exercises with reasonable costs, which will allow acquiring the necessary skills and confidence to initiate the procedure in a real-life scenario.

Implementation of a rapid recovery protocol in total knee arthroplasty. A randomized controlled trial. / Implantación de un protocolo de recuperación precoz en artroplastia total de rodilla. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

BACKGROUND: Rapid recovery (RP) in total knee arthroplasty may increase the functionality while reducing costs. The aim of this study is to prove the benefits of a rapid recovery program compared to our classic protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a RCT (NCT03823573) in patients undergoing otal knee arthroplasty. Intervention group (RP protocol) received local infiltration of levo-bupivacaine in the periarticular tissue and supervized ambulation 4-6h after surgery. Control (C) group received a femoral nerve block with levo-bupivacaine, while a drain was used. Ambulation after its removal. All the patients completed an Oxford Knee Score prior to surgery and 6 months after discharge. An ecodoppler to assess the presence of deep vein thrombosis was made one month after discharge. Minimum follow-up was of 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients were included in the trial (92 patients in the control group, 83 patients in the RP group). There were no differences in sex, age, implanted prosthesis, hemoglobin drop, need for transfusion, range of motion on discharge (C: 82.6°, RP: 85°) and at the end of the follow-up (C: 105.1, RP: 106.6), Oxford Knee Score improvement (C: 17.5 points; RP: 19.3 points), patient satisfaction or re-admissions at the emergency department (C: 7.6%; RP: 10.8%). Significancy was found on time of ischemia (C: 81.29min; RP: 85.35min; P=0.03), need for morphine shots (C: 19.7%; RP: 38.6%; P=0.007), hospital stay (C: 3.84 days; RP: 2.54 days, P<0.0001) and time until ambulation (C: 2.46 days; RP: 0.23 days; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Rapid recovery protocols can reduce hospital stay without increasing complications or need for re-admission.

Are the common sterilization methods completely effective for our in-house 3D printed biomodels and surgical guides?

INTRODUCTION: In-hospital 3D printing is being implemented in orthopaedic departments worldwide, being used for additive manufacturing of fracture models (or even surgical guides) which are sterilized and used in the operating room. However, to save time and material, prints are nearly hollow, while 3D printers are placed in non-sterile rooms. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether common sterilization methods can sterilize the inside of the pieces, which would be of utmost importance in case a model breaks during a surgical intervention. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 24 cylinders were designed and printed with a 3D printer in Polylactic Acid (PLA) with an infill density of 12%. Manufacturing was paused when 60% of the print was reached and 20 of the cylinders were inoculated with 0.4 mL of a suspension of S epidermidis ATTCC 1228 in saline solution at turbidity 1 McFarland. Printing was resumed, being all the pieces completely sealed with the inoculum inside. Posteriorly, 4 groups were made according to the chosen sterilization method: Ethylene Oxide (EtO), Gas Plasma, Steam Heat or non-sterilized (positive control). Each group included 5 contaminated cylinders and 1 non-contaminated cylinder as a negative control. After sterilization, the inside of the cylinders was cultured during 7 days. RESULTS: We observed bacterial growth of just a few Forming Colony Units (FCU) in 4 out of 5 positive controls and in 2 out of 5 contaminated cylinders sterilized with Gas Plasma. We could not assess any bacterial growth in any of the EtO or Steam Heat samples or in any of the negative controls. Pieces sterilized under Steam Heat resulted completely deformed. CONCLUSIONS: High temperatures reached during the procedure of additive manufacturing can decrease the bacterial load of the biomodels. However, there is a potential risk of contamination during the procedure. We recommend sterilization with EtO for in-hospital 3D-printed PLA hollow biomodels or guides. Otherwise, in case of using Gas Plasma, an infill of 100% should be applied.

Radiological results of surgical management of fracture of the distal radius treated with volar locking plates.

OBJECTIVES: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common upper extremity fracture. The incidence of complications after surgical treatment still remains high. The objective of our study was to assess functional and radiological results of DRF treated with volar locking plate. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including DRF treated by open reduction and internal fixation with a volar locking plate during a period of 8 years (2010-2018). Data were collected from clinical records and included patient demographics, fracture characteristics, radiological parameters (radial inclination, palmar tilt, ulnar variance, articular step-off), range of motion (ROM), complications and reinterventions. RESULTS: A total of 170 patients (63.5% female) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 55.9 years [24.1-83.7; 13.76]. High energy injuries were more frequent in younger patients (25.56% vs 3.95%; p < 0.0001). AO classification was: 2R3A: 23.5%, 2R3B: 24.1% and 2R3C: 52.4%. Time until surgery was 8.5 days, longer in extraarticular fractures (AO-2R3A: 12.22 days, AO-2R3B: 7.97 days, AO-2R3C: 7.04 days, p = 0.018). Younger patients had better radial inclination (excellent in 85.1% vs 59.21%, p = 0.001) and radial shortening (excellent in 100% vs 88.15%, p = 0.001). ROM was: flexion 63° [0-90°; 19.73], extension 57.67° [5-90°; 21.61], pronation 78.94° [40-90°] and supination 81.76° [38-90°; 8.87]. We found a weak correlation between ROM in flexion-extension and radial shortening (r = 0.218; p = 0.001) and articular step-off (r = -0.269; p = 0.002). We had 39 complications (21.18% of patients). 10.6% of patients needed a re-operation, being the most frequent hardware removal (6.5%) and tendinous disruptions repairs (2.4%). Reintervention rate was higher in younger patients (14.9% vs 5.3%; p = 0.042), complete articular fractures (AO-2R3A: 2.5%; AO-2R3B: 7.3%; AO-2R3C: 15.7%; p = 0.037) and high energy injuries (8.4% vs 22.2%; p = 0.044). Patients undergoing reintervention had a decreased flexion-extension (94.44° vs 123.83°, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Radial shortening and articular step-off seem the most important predictors for postoperative range of motion. Worse radiological outcomes are observed in complete articular fractures and those affecting elder population. Although radiological and functional results are good or excellent in most of cases, the incidence of complications and need for reintervention still remains noticeable. Re-operations were more frequent in younger patients, complete articular fractures and high energy injuries, and it worsened functional outcomes.

The impact of hip fracture on health-related quality of life and activities of daily living: the SPARE-HIP prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: The medical morbidity and mortality associated with neck of femur fractures is well-documented, whereas there is limited data for patient-reported outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize the impact of neck of femur fractures on activities of daily living and patient-reported health-related quality of life. METHODS: Design and participants: Multicentric prospective cohort study. Consecutive sample patients with fragility hip fracture over 50 years old admitted in 48 hospitals in Spain. OUTCOMES: daily living activity function (Barthel Index) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) pre-fracture, admission to hospital and at 1- and 4-month follow-up post-fracture. STATISTICS: Barthel and EQ-5D over time are described as mean (SD) and median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 997 patients were recruited at baseline with 4-month outcomes available for, and 856 patients (89.5%). Barthel Index fell from 78.77 (23.75) at baseline to 43.62 (19.86) on admission to hospital with the fracture. Scores partially recovered to 54.89 (25.40) and 64.09 (21.35) at 1- and 4-month post-fracture, respectively. EQ-5D fell from a median of 0.75 (0.47-0.91) to - 0.01 (- 0.03 to 0.51) on admission. Partial recovery was observed again to (0.51 (- 0.06 to 0.67)) and (0.60 (0.10 to 0.80)) at 1- and 4-month post-fracture, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture results in a large decline in the ability to perform activities of daily living and patient-reported health-related quality of life with only partial recovery amongst survivors 4-month post-fracture.

Resultados a medio plazo de la artroplastia total de cadera metal-metal con cabeza de gran tamaño Magnum / Midterm results of Magnum large head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty

Objetivos: A raíz de las alertas sanitarias surgidas por la alta incidencia de recambios en la artroplastia de cadera metal-metal, se presentan los resultados obtenidos del seguimiento prospectivo de la serie de nuestro centro con cabezas de gran tamaño. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes tratados con el cotilo Recap-M2a-Magnum, Biomet de 2008 a 2011. Se revisaron prospectivamente todos los pacientes registrando Harris Hip Score y síntomas de intoxicación por cromo-cobalto y se solicitaron niveles séricos de estos iones, radiografía y ecografía. Se solicitó resonancia magnética en caso de ecografía positiva. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 varones de 48,54 años de edad media [32-62, DE: 7,18]. Se utilizó un abordaje anterolateral y vástagos Bimetric (7) o F40 (19). La moda de los diámetros cefálicos fue 46 [42-52]. La inclinación media del cotilo fue 39,35° [21-59°, DE: 9,78]. Durante el seguimiento (7,3 años [5,9-9,4 años, DE: 0,78]), 3 pacientes (11,5%) precisaron revisión (2 por movilización aséptica, un pseudotumor). El tiempo medio hasta la revisión fue 5,4 años [3,1-8,0, DE: 2,48]. La probabilidad acumulada de supervivencia fue del 88,5% (IC95% 76,3-100%). El Harris Hip Score fue de 94,47 [66,5-100, DE: 8,94] y los pacientes no mostraron ningún síntoma de intoxicación metálica, con niveles de cromo 1,88 mcg/dl [0,6-3,9] y cobalto 1,74 mcg/dl [0,5-5,6]. Se encontró un pseudotumor en un paciente asintomático y pequeñas cantidades de líquido periprotésico en 5 pacientes (19,2%). Discusión y conclusiones: Seguimos encontrando altas tasas de revisión al extender el seguimiento de los pacientes debido a la movilización aséptica y la formación de pseudotumores. La resonancia nuclear magnética no parece la prueba más adecuada para el estudio de las complicaciones de este tipo de prótesis

Objectives: We present the results of the prospective follow up of a sample of large head metal-metal total hip arthroplasty obtained after the safety alert regarding a higher incidence of revision of these implants. Material and methods: All patients implanted with the Recap-M2a-Magnum cup between 2008 and 2011 were included. They were prospectively reviewed recording Harris Hip Score, clinical symptoms of chromium or cobalt intoxication. Serum levels of these ions were requested as well as X-Rays and ultrasonography. An MRI was performed in the cases of positive ultrasonography. Results: Twenty-six males with a mean age of 48.54 years [32-62, SD: 7.18] were included. An anterolateral approach and Bi-Metric (7) and F-40 (19) stems were used. Cephalic diameters ranged 42-52 (mode: 46) and the mean cup inclination was 39.35° [21-59°, SD: 9.78]. During follow-up (7.3 years [5.9-9.4; SD: .78]), 3 patients (11.5%) underwent revision (2 cases aseptic loosening, 1 pseudotumour). Mean time until revision was 5.4 years [3.1-8.0; SD: 2.48]. The accumulated survival probability was 88.5% (95% CI 76.3-100%). Harris Hip Score was 94.47 [66.5-100; SD: 8.94] and the patients showed no metallic intoxication symptoms. The levels of chromium were 1.88 mcg/dl [0.6-3.9] and cobalt 1,74 mcg/dl [0.5-5,6]. One pseudotumour was found in an asymptomatic patient, and small amounts of periarticular liquid were found in 5 patients (19.2%) Discussion and conclusions: High revision rates are still found when follow up is extended due to aseptic loosening and pseudotumour formation. MRI might not be the most adequate test to study the complications of these prostheses

Midterm results of Magnum large head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. / Resultados a medio plazo de la artroplastia total de cadera metal-metal con cabeza de gran tamaño Magnum.

OBJECTIVES: We present the results of the prospective follow up of a sample of large head metal-metal total hip arthroplasty obtained after the safety alert regarding a higher incidence of revision of these implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients implanted with the Recap-M2a-Magnum cup between 2008 and 2011 were included. They were prospectively reviewed recording Harris Hip Score, clinical symptoms of chromium or cobalt intoxication. Serum levels of these ions were requested as well as X-Rays and ultrasonography. An MRI was performed in the cases of positive ultrasonography. RESULTS: Twenty-six males with a mean age of 48.54 years [32-62, SD: 7.18] were included. An anterolateral approach and Bi-Metric (7) and F-40 (19) stems were used. Cephalic diameters ranged 42-52 (mode: 46) and the mean cup inclination was 39.35° [21-59°, SD: 9.78]. During follow-up (7.3 years [5.9-9.4; SD: .78]), 3 patients (11.5%) underwent revision (2 cases aseptic loosening, 1 pseudotumour). Mean time until revision was 5.4 years [3.1-8.0; SD: 2.48]. The accumulated survival probability was 88.5% (95% CI 76.3-100%). Harris Hip Score was 94.47 [66.5-100; SD: 8.94] and the patients showed no metallic intoxication symptoms. The levels of chromium were 1.88 mcg/dl [0.6-3.9] and cobalt 1,74 mcg/dl [0.5-5,6]. One pseudotumour was found in an asymptomatic patient, and small amounts of periarticular liquid were found in 5 patients (19.2%) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: High revision rates are still found when follow up is extended due to aseptic loosening and pseudotumour formation. MRI might not be the most adequate test to study the complications of these prostheses.

Eficacia y seguridad de la aplicación del ácido tranexámico tópico en la artroplastia primaria no cementada de cadera: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado / Efficacy and safety of the topical application of tranexamic acid in primary cementless hip arthroplasty: prospective, randomised, double-blind and controlled study

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del ácido tranexámico tópico en la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada desde el punto de vista del sangrado, las necesidades transfusionales y la estancia media, así como describir las complicaciones derivadas de su uso respecto a un grupo control. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, controlado y doble ciego que incluye todos los pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de cadera no cementada en nuestro centro entre junio de 2014 y julio de 2015. La pérdida de sangre se estimó mediante la fórmula descrita por Nadler y Good. Resultados. El análisis final incluyó 119 pacientes. El descenso de hemoglobina tras la cirugía fue menor en el grupo del ácido tranexámico (3,28±1,13g/dL) que en el control (4,03±1,27g/dL, p=0,001), así como el volumen estimado de sangre perdida (1.216,75±410,46mL vs. 1.542,12±498,97mL, p<0,001), el porcentaje de pacientes transfundidos (35,9% vs. 19,3%, p<0,05) y el número de unidades de hematíes transfundidas por paciente (0,37±0,77 vs. 0,98±1,77, p<0,05). No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la aparición de complicaciones ni en la estancia media. Conclusiones. El uso de ácido tranexámico tópico en la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada produce una disminución en las necesidades transfusionales y el sangrado sin aumentar la incidencia de las complicaciones (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid topical in cementless total hip arthroplasty from the point of view of bleeding, transfusion requirements and length of stay, and describe the complications of use compared to a control group. Material and methods. A prospective, randomised, double-blinded and controlled study including all patients undergoing cementless total hip arthroplasty in our centre between June 2014 and July 2015. Blood loss was estimated using the formula described by Nadler and Good. Results. The final analysis included 119 patients. The decrease in haemoglobin after surgery was lower in the tranexamic acid group (3.28±1.13g/dL) than in the controls (4.03±1.27g/dL, P=.001) and estimated blood loss (1,216.75±410.46mL vs. 1,542.12±498.97mL, P<.001), the percentage of transfused patients (35.9% vs. 19.3%, P<.05) and the number of transfused red blood cell units per patient (0.37±0.77 vs. 0.98±1.77; P<.05). There were no differences between groups in the occurrence of complications or length of stay. Conclusions. The use of topical tranexamic acid in cementless total hip arthroplasty results in a decrease in bleeding and transfusion requirements without increasing the incidence of complications (AU)

Efficacy and safety of the topical application of tranexamic acid in primary cementless hip arthroplasty: prospective, randomised, double-blind and controlled study. / Eficacia y seguridad de la aplicación del ácido tranexámico tópico en la artroplastia primaria no cementada de cadera: estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid topical in cementless total hip arthroplasty from the point of view of bleeding, transfusion requirements and length of stay, and describe the complications of use compared to a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomised, double-blinded and controlled study including all patients undergoing cementless total hip arthroplasty in our centre between June 2014 and July 2015. Blood loss was estimated using the formula described by Nadler and Good. RESULTS: The final analysis included 119 patients. The decrease in haemoglobin after surgery was lower in the tranexamic acid group (3.28±1.13g/dL) than in the controls (4.03±1.27g/dL, P=.001) and estimated blood loss (1,216.75±410.46mL vs. 1,542.12±498.97mL, P<.001), the percentage of transfused patients (35.9% vs. 19.3%, P<.05) and the number of transfused red blood cell units per patient (0.37±0.77 vs. 0.98±1.77; P<.05). There were no differences between groups in the occurrence of complications or length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: The use of topical tranexamic acid in cementless total hip arthroplasty results in a decrease in bleeding and transfusion requirements without increasing the incidence of complications.

Artrodiastasis de cadera en la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes / Hip arthrodiastasis in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Introducción y objetivo. La artrodiastasis consiste en la movilización de la cadera mediante la distracción por medio de un fijador externo articulado. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es mostrar los resultados obtenidos en nuestro centro en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Perthes de inicio tardío o de mal pronóstico con esta técnica quirúrgica. Material y métodos. Revisión ambispectiva de todos los casos intervenidos en nuestro servicio de ortopedia infantil entre los años 2010 y 2014 con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: pacientes mayores de 8 años, con mínima deformidad y pronóstico desfavorable. Se evalúan movilidad, dolor, Trendelenburg, esfericidad radiológica y complicaciones. Resultados. Se incluyeron 13 pacientes, 9 de ellos varones, con una edad media de 11,93 años. Siete casos presentaron signos radiológicos de riesgo. La disminución del dolor mediante EVA tras la cirugía fue cuantificada en 3,83 puntos (p < 0,05). Once casos mantuvieron la esfericidad cefálica durante el seguimiento (1,75 años). Las complicaciones observadas ascendieron al 84,6% de los casos, siendo la más frecuente la infección del trayecto de los tornillos, si bien fueron todas de sencillo manejo. Conclusiones. La artrodiastasis constituye una técnica mínimamente invasiva y útil en el tratamiento de Perthes de inicio tardío o de mal pronóstico, mejorando la clínica y manteniendo la esfericidad cefálica, siendo recomendable el tratamiento de estos pacientes al inicio de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no está exenta de complicaciones, que pueden afectar a 8 de cada 10 pacientes tratados (AU)

Introduction and objective. Arthrodiastasis consists of the mobilisation of the hip while distracted by a hinged distractor. The aim of our study is to show the results of the treatment of late-onset Perthes disease with this technique in our institution. Material and methods. Ambispective review of all the cases that underwent this surgery in our Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics between 2010 and 2014 with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 8 years old, with minimal deformity, and poor prognosis. Mobility, pain, Trendelenburg sign, radiographic sphericity, and complications were assessed. Results. A total of 13 patients (9 male, 4 female) were included. The mean age was 11.93 years. Radiographic risk signs were present in 7 cases. The mean decrease in pain measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery was 3.83 points (P < .05). Cephalic sphericity was maintained in 11 cases during follow up (1.75 years). Complications were observed complications in 84.6% of the patients, with infection of the screw tract being the most frequent. All of them were easy to treat. Conclusions. Arthrodiastasis is a minimally invasive technique, useful in the treatment of late onset Perthes disease. It improves clinical results and maintains cephalic shape when applied in early stages. However, it is not free of complications, which can involve as many as 8 out of 10 patients treated with the technique (AU)

Hip arthrodiastasis in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. / Artrodiastasis de cadera en la enfermedad de Legg-Calvé-Perthes.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Arthrodiastasis consists of the mobilisation of the hip while distracted by a hinged distractor. The aim of our study is to show the results of the treatment of late-onset Perthes disease with this technique in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ambispective review of all the cases that underwent this surgery in our Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics between 2010 and 2014 with the following inclusion criteria: patients over 8 years old, with minimal deformity, and poor prognosis. Mobility, pain, Trendelenburg sign, radiographic sphericity, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients (9 male, 4 female) were included. The mean age was 11.93 years. Radiographic risk signs were present in 7 cases. The mean decrease in pain measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS) after the surgery was 3.83 points (P<.05). Cephalic sphericity was maintained in 11 cases during follow up (1.75 years). Complications were observed complications in 84.6% of the patients, with infection of the screw tract being the most frequent. All of them were easy to treat. CONCLUSIONS: Arthrodiastasis is a minimally invasive technique, useful in the treatment of late onset Perthes disease. It improves clinical results and maintains cephalic shape when applied in early stages. However, it is not free of complications, which can involve as many as 8 out of 10 patients treated with the technique.

Distrofia simpático refleja / Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

La Distrofia Simpático Refleja (DSR), o Distrofia de Südeck, es una entidad patológica poco estudiada, infradiagnosticada, con graves consecuencias y que altera la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen. Ha recibido otras denominaciones históricas como Causalgia (mayor o menor), aunque en la actualidad se le denomina Síndrome de Dolor Regional Complejo (SDRC), también conocido como CRPS por sus siglas en inglés (Complex Regional Pain Syndrom). Este cuadro clínico se divide en dos tipos: 1/ SDRC tipo I o Distrofia Simpático Refleja, y 2/ SDRC tipo II o Causalgia. La diferencia entre ellos radica en la lesión del nervio, que es objetivable únicamente en el tipo II. El síntoma clave que define a esta enfermedad es la presencia de un intenso y persistente dolor, de causa inexplicable, junto con disestesias y alodinia térmica. Su diagnóstico es básicamente clínico, acompañado de sus antecedentes, generalmente traumáticos, así como algunos estudios radiológicos complementarios. En cuanto a la terapéutica de esta enfermedad, es necesario combinar tanto la fisioterapia como tratamientos farmacológicos y psicológicos (AU)

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD), or Südeck dystrophy is a pathological entity understudied, underdiagnosed, with serious consequences and impaired quality of life for patients who suffer. It has received other mainline denominations as causalgia (major o minor), but today is called Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, also known as CRPS for its acronym in English. This clinical disease is divided into two types: 1 / CRPS Type I or Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, and 2 / CRPS type II or causalgia. The difference between them is nerve damage, which is objective only in type II. The key symptom that defines this disease is the presence of an intense and persistent pain, unexplained, along with dysesthesia and thermal allodynia. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, accompanied by his background, usually traumatic, and additional radiologic studies. As for the treatment of this disease, it is necessary to combine both physiotherapy as pharmacological and psychological treatments (AU)

[Results and complications of pertrochanteric hip fractures using an intramedullary nail with a helical blade (proximal femoral nail antirotation) in 200 patients]. / Resultados y complicaciones de la osteosíntesis de fracturas pertrocantéreas de fémur mediante clavo endomedular con espiral cefálica (clavo femoral proximal antirrotación) en 200 pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the surgical management, outcome and complications in patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA nail. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients treated consecutively between April 2010 and February 2012. Radiological assessments were performed before and after the surgery, and during the follow-up (fracture reduction, blade position, consolidation or collapse signs). A clinical evaluation was performed as regards walking capabilities. The results were compared with those of a previous study on 700 patients treated with gamma 3 and TFN nails. RESULTS: The blade position was centre-centre in 64% of patients, and decreased to 53% in the mechanical complications group. Tip-apex distance was less than 25mm in 91.5%. The average hospital stay was 9.17 days, with a mean post-surgery stay of 5.95 days. Complications (7.5%): 2 cut out (1%), one cut through (0.5%), 4 cases of helical blade sliding (2%), one failure in distal locking procedure (0.5%), 2 cases with painful fasciae latae (1%), one union delay (0.5%), 2 cases of non-union with hardware failure (1%), one case of intense bleeding related to distal locking of the nail (0.5%), and one case of avascular necrosis (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The PFNA helical blade system seems to reduce the incidence of cut out and cut through in osteoporotic bone. Blade position was one of the main parameters associated with mechanical complications.

Resultados y complicaciones de la osteosíntesis de fracturas pertrocantéreas de fémur mediante clavo endomedular con espiral cefálica (clavo femoral proximal antirrotación) en 200 pacientes / Results and complications of pertrochanteric hip fractures using an intramedullary nail with a helical blade (proximal femoral nail antirotation) in 200 patients

Objetivos. Evaluación del manejo quirúrgico, evolución y complicaciones de pacientes afectados por fractura pertrocantérea de cadera tratados mediante enclavado PFNA. Material y método. Revisión retrospectiva de 200 pacientes intervenidos entre abril de 2010 y febrero de 2012 de forma consecutiva. Se realiza evaluación radiográfica preoperatoria, postoperatoria y durante el seguimiento (reducción de la fractura, posición de la espiral, consolidación o signos de colapso). La evaluación clínica se realizó en función de la autonomía para la marcha. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos con estudio previo, sobre muestra de 700 pacientes y enclavado gamma 3 y TFN. Resultados. La posición de la espiral es centro-centro en el 64% de los pacientes, que disminuye al 53% en el grupo de las complicaciones mecánicas, siendo la distancia punta-vértice menor a 25 mm en el 91,5% de los casos. La estancia hospitalaria media se sitúa en 9,17 días con una estancia media postintervención de 5,95 días. Las complicaciones (7,5%) fueron: 2 casos de cut out (1%), uno de cut through (0,5%), 4 casos de efecto telescopaje (2%), un fallo en el encerrojado distal (0,5%), 2 casos de molestias en la fascia lata (1%), un retardo en la consolidación (0,5%), 2 seudoartrosis que condicionaron la rotura del dispositivo (1%), un caso de sangrado relativo al clavo (0,5%) y un caso de necrosis avascular (0,5%). Conclusiones. El sistema de espiral cefálica PFNA parece reducir la incidencia de cut out y cut through en el hueso osteoporótico. La posición de la espiral supone uno de los principales parámetros relacionados con las complicaciones mecánicas (AU)

Objectives. Evaluation of the surgical management, outcome and complications in patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA nail. Material and method. A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients treated consecutively between April 2010 and February 2012. Radiological assessments were performed before and after the surgery, and during the follow-up (fracture reduction, blade position, consolidation or collapse signs). A clinical evaluation was performed as regards walking capabilities. The results were compared with those of a previous study on 700 patients treated with gamma 3 and TFN nails. Results. The blade position was centre-centre in 64% of patients, and decreased to 53% in the mechanical complications group. Tip-apex distance was less than 25 mm in 91.5%. The average hospital stay was 9.17 days, with a mean post-surgery stay of 5.95 days. Complications (7.5%): 2 cut out (1%), one cut through (0.5%), 4 cases of helical blade sliding (2%), one failure in distal locking procedure (0.5%), 2 cases with painful fasciae latae (1%), one union delay (0.5%), 2 cases of non-union with hardware failure (1%), one case of intense bleeding related to distal locking of the nail (0.5%), and one case of avascular necrosis (0.5%). Conclusions. The PFNA helical blade system seems to reduce the incidence of cut out and cut through in osteoporotic bone. Blade position was one of the main parameters associated with mechanical complications (AU)