ABSTRACT
Peptides constitute an alternative and interesting option to develop treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools as they demonstrate their scope in several health aspects; as proof of this, commercial peptides for humans and animals are available on the market and used daily. This review aimed to know the role of peptides in the field of veterinary diagnosis, and include peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA), lateral flow devices, and peptide latex agglutination tests that have been developed to detect several pathogens including viruses and bacteria of health and production relevance in domestic animals. Studies in cattle, small ruminants, dogs, cats, poultry, horses, and even aquatic organisms were reviewed. Different studies showed good levels of sensitivity and specificity against their target, moreover, comparisons with commercial kits and official tests were performed which allowed appraising their performance. Chemical synthesis, recombinant DNA technology, and enzymatic synthesis were reviewed as well as their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, we discussed the intrinsic limitations such as the small size or affinity to polystyrene membrane and mention several strategies to overcome these problems. The use of peptides will increase in the coming years and their utility for diagnostic purposes in animals must be evaluated.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was evaluation of the physico-chemical properties and adhesion of microorganisms on poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based films loaded with grapevine cane extract (5-15 wt%). The films were processed in a compression molding machine and characterized by mechanical, thermal, water vapor barrier and microbiological tests. The best physical-chemical properties for PLA film containing 10 wt% of extract were obtained. The addition of 10 wt% of extract into PLA films led to decrease of tensile strength for 52% and increase in elongation at break for 30%. The water vapor barrier of this film formulation was enhanced for 55%. All films showed thermal stability up to 300 °C. The low release of the active compounds from films negatively influenced their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Botrytis cinerea growth inhibition onto PLA containing extracts (PLA-E) films was in the range between 15 and 35%. On the other side, PLA/extract films exhibited the antiadhesive properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Saccharomyces pastorianus, and Listeria monocytogenes, which could imply their potential to be used as sustainable food packaging materials for preventing microbial contamination of food.
ABSTRACT
Food-borne bacterial infections have worldwide importance, and a great variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, mainly of the chromosome type, have rapidly developed. Antimicrobial resistance was determined in this study in terms of the presence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid AmpC ß-lactamases (pAmpC), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) from 155 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from bovine carcasses from two states in Mexico (states of Mexico and Jalisco). Isolates were challenged with ß-lactam antimicrobials (ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime) and quinolones (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin). The presence of the bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, bla OXA , bla CMY, bla MOX, bla LAT, bla BIL, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA genes was examined by PCR. Clonal relationship was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The highest resistance was found to be to nalidixic acid (64 %), followed by ampicillin (32 %), ciprofloxacin (10 %), and ceftazidime and cefotaxime (both 1.3 %). bla CMY (n = 1), bla TEM (n = 24), qnrB (n = 9), and qnrS (n = 7) genes were detected. PFGE analysis showed that the majority of isolates had a different genotypic profile. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of the qnrB, qnrS, and bla CMY genes in E. coli isolated from bovine meat in Mexico.
