Iron-promoted zirconia-alumina supported Ni catalyst for highly efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production via dry reforming of methane.

Developing cost-effective and high-performance catalyst systems for dry reforming of methane (DRM) is crucial for producing hydrogen (H2) sustainably. Herein, we investigate using iron (Fe) as a promoter and major alumina support in Ni-based catalysts to improve their DRM performance. The addition of iron as a promotor was found to add reducible iron species along with reducible NiO species, enhance the basicity and induce the deposition of oxidizable carbon. By incorporating 1 wt.% Fe into a 5Ni/10ZrAl catalyst, a higher CO2 interaction and formation of reducible "NiO-species having strong interaction with support" was observed, which led to an ∼80% H2 yield in 420 min of Time on Stream (TOS). Further increasing the Fe content to 2wt% led to the formation of additional reducible iron oxide species and a noticeable rise in H2 yield up to 84%. Despite the severe weight loss on Fe-promoted catalysts, high H2 yield was maintained due to the proper balance between the rate of CH4 decomposition and the rate of carbon deposit diffusion. Finally, incorporating 3 wt.% Fe into the 5Ni/10ZrAl catalyst resulted in the highest CO2 interaction, wide presence of reducible NiO-species, minimum graphitic deposit and an 87% H2 yield. Our findings suggest that iron-promoted zirconia-alumina-supported Ni catalysts can be a cheap and excellent catalytic system for H2 production via DRM.

Ni-Based Molecular Sieves Nanomaterials for Dry Methane Reforming: Role of Porous Structure and Active Sites Distribution on Hydrogen Production.

Global warming, driven by greenhouse gases like CH4 and CO2, necessitates efficient catalytic conversion to syngas. Herein, Ni containing different molecular sieve nanomaterials are investigated for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The reduced catalysts are characterized by surface area porosity, X-ray diffraction, Raman infrared spectroscopy, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption techniques, and transmission electron microscopy. The active sites over each molecular sieve remain stable under oxidizing gas CO2 during DRM. The reduced 5Ni/CBV10A catalyst, characterized by the lowest silica-alumina ratio, smallest surface area and pore volume, and narrow 8-ring connecting channels, generated the maximum number of active sites on its outer surface. In contrast, the reduced-5Ni/CBV3024E catalyst, with the highest silica-alumina ratio, more than double the surface area and pore volume, 12-ring sinusoidal porous channels, and smallest Ni crystallite, produced the highest H2 output (44%) after 300 min of operation at 700 °C, with a CH4:CO2 = 1:1, P = 1 atom, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) = 42 L gcat-1 h-1. This performance was achieved despite having 25% fewer initial active sites, suggesting that a larger fraction of these sites is stabilized within the pore channels, leading to sustained catalytic activity. Using central composite design and response surface methodology, we successfully optimized the process conditions for the 5Ni/CBV3024E catalyst. The optimized conditions yielded a desirable H2 to CO ratio of 1.00, with a H2 yield of 91.92% and a CO yield of 89.16%, indicating high efficiency in gas production. The experimental results closely aligned with the predicted values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the optimization approach.

Synergistic integration of MXene nanostructures into electrospun fibers for advanced biomedical engineering applications.

MXene-based architectures have paved the way in various fields, particularly in healthcare area, owing to their remarkable physiochemical and electromagnetic characteristics. Moreover, the modification of MXene structures and their combination with polymeric networks have gained considerable prominence to further develop their features. The combination of electrospun fibers with MXenes would be promising in this regard since electrospinning is a well-established technique that is now being directed toward commercial biomedical applications. The introduction of MXenes into electrospun fibrous frameworks has highlighted outcomes in various biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, controlled drug delivery, antimicrobial targets, sensors, and tissue engineering. Correspondingly, this review describes the employed strategies for the preparation of electrospun configurations in tandem with MXene nanostructures with remarkable characteristics. Next, the advantages of MXene-decorated electrospun fibers for use in biomedical applications are comprehensively discussed. According to the investigations, rich surface functional groups, hydrophilicity, large surface area, photothermal features, and antimicrobial and antibacterial activities of MXenes could synergize the performance of electrospun layers to engineer versatile biomedical targets. Moreover, the future of this path is clarified to combat the challenges related to the electrospun fibers decorated with MXene nanosheets.

Acceptance of electronic referrals across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: results from a national e-health database.

Introduction: An effective referral system is necessary to ensure quality and an optimum continuum of care. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, an e-referral system known as the Saudi Medical Appointments and Referrals Centre (SMARC), has been fully functioning since 2019. This study aims to explore the rate of medical e-referral request acceptance in the KSA, and to study the factors associated with acceptance. Methods: This period cross-sectional study utilised secondary collected data from the SMARC e-referral system. The data spans both 2020 and 2021 and covers the entirety of the KSA. Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to compute adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of the total 632,763 referral requests across the 2 years, 469,073 requests (74.13%) were accepted. Absence of available machinery was a significant predictor for referral acceptance compared to other reasons. Acceptance was highest for children under 14 with 28,956 (75.48%) and 63,979 (75.48%) accepted referrals, respectively. Patients requiring critical care from all age groups also had the highest acceptance including 6,237 referrals for paediatric intensive care unit (83.54%) and 34,126 referrals for intensive care unit (79.65%). All lifesaving referrals, 42,087 referrals, were accepted (100.00%). Psychiatric patients were observed to have the highest proportion for accepted referrals with 8,170 requests (82.50%) followed by organ transplantations with 1,005 requests (80.92%). Sex was seen to be a significant predictor for referrals, where the odds of acceptances for females increased by 2% compared to their male counterparts (95% CI = 1.01-1.04). Also, proportion of acceptance was highest for the Eastern business unit compared to all other units. External referrals were 32% less likely to be accepted than internal referrals (95% CI = 0.67-0.69). Conclusion: The current findings indicate that the e-referral system is mostly able to cater to the health services of the most vulnerable of patients. However, there remains areas for health policy improvement, especially in terms of resource allocation.

Valorizing date palm spikelets into activated carbon-derived composite for methyl orange adsorption: advancing circular bioeconomy in wastewater treatment-a comprehensive study on its equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms.

Leveraging date palm spikelets (DPS) as a precursor, this study developed a DPS-derived composite (ZnO@DPS-AC) for water treatment, focusing on methyl orange (MO) removal. The composite was synthesized through ZnCl2 activation and pyrolysis at 600 °C. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDS, and pHPZC. Characterization revealed a highly carbonaceous material (> 74% carbon) with significant porosity and surface functional groups. ZnO@DPS-AC demonstrated rapid MO removal, achieving over 45% reduction within 10 min and up to 99% efficiency under optimized conditions. The Langmuir model-calculated maximum adsorption capacity reached 226.81 mg/g at 20 °C. Adsorption mechanisms involved hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and pore filling. The composite showed effectiveness in treating real wastewater and removing other pollutants. This study highlights the potential of agricultural waste valorization in developing efficient, sustainable adsorbents for water remediation, contributing to circular bioeconomy principles.

An overview of conventional and investigational phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction and other conditions.

INTRODUCTION: There is a rising concern about developing innovative, efficacious PDE5I molecules that provide better safety, efficacy, and tolerability with less adverse effects. Innovative PDE5I with dual targets have also been defined in the literature. Additionally, some of PDE5I are able to selectively inhibit other enzymes such as histone deacetylase, acetylcholine esterase, and cyclooxygenase or act as nitric oxide donors. This review presents knowledge concerning the advanced trends and perspectives in using PDE5I in treatment of ED and other conditions. AREAS COVERED: Pre-clinical and early clinical trials that investigated the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of novel PDE5I such as Udenafil, Mirodenafil, Lodenafil, Youkenafil, Celecoxib, and TPN729 in treatment of ED and other conditions. EXPERT OPINION: Preclinical and limited early clinical studies of the new molecules of PDE5I have demonstrated encouraging results; however, safety, efficacy, and tolerability are still issues that necessitate further long-term multicenter clinical studies to ensure justification of their uses in treatment of ED and other conditions. Progress in molecular delivery techniques and tailored patient-specific management and additional therapeutic technology will dramatically improve care for ED and other conditions. The dream of ED and many other conditions becoming more effectively managed may be feasible in the near future.

Enhancing the Biodegradability, Water Solubility, and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol through Natural Polymer Blending: An Approach toward Sustainable Polymer Applications.

The escalating environmental crisis posed by single-use plastics underscores the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study provides an approach to introduce biodegradable polymer blends by blending synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with natural polymers-corn starch (CS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-to address this challenge. Through a comprehensive analysis, including of the structure, mechanical strength, water solubility, biodegradability, and thermal properties, we investigated the enhanced performance of PVA-CS and PVA-HPMC blends over conventional polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings of pure PVA and its blends were studied, and we found a complete homogeneity between the PVA and both types of natural polymers in the case of a high concentration of PVA, whereas at lower concentration of PVA, some granules of CS and HMPC appear in the SEM. Blending corn starch (CS) with PVA significantly boosts its biodegradability in soil environments, since adding starch of 50 w/w duplicates the rate of PVA biodegradation. Incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with PVA not only improves water solubility but also enhances biodegradation rates, as the addition of HPMC increases the biodegradation of pure PVA from 10 to 100% and raises the water solubility from 80 to 100%, highlighting the significant acceleration of the biodegradation process and water solubility caused by HPMC addition, making these blends suitable for a wide range of applications, from packaging and agricultural films to biomedical engineering. The thermal properties of pure PVA and its blends with natural were studied using diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases after adding natural polymers to PVA, referring to an improvement in the molecular weight and intermolecular interactions between blend molecules. Moreover, the amorphous structure of natural polymers makes the melting temperature ™ lessen after adding natural polymer, so the blends require lower temperature to remelt and be recycled again. For the mechanical properties, both types of natural polymer decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, which overall weakens the mechanical properties of PVA. Our findings offer a promising pathway for the development of environmentally friendly polymers that do not compromise on performance, marking a significant step forward in polymer science's contribution to sustainability. This work presents detailed experimental and theoretical insights into novel polymerization methods and the utilization of biological strategies for advanced material design.

Unraveling the ncRNA landscape that governs colorectal cancer: A roadmap to personalized therapeutics.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) being one of the most common malignancies, has a significant death rate, especially when detected at an advanced stage. In most cases, the fundamental aetiology of CRC remains unclear despite the identification of several environmental and intrinsic risk factors. Numerous investigations, particularly in the last ten years, have indicated the involvement of epigenetic variables in this type of cancer. The development, progression, and metastasis of CRC are influenced by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are significant players in the epigenetic pathways. LncRNAs are implicated in diverse pathological processes in CRC, such as liver metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, and chemo-/radioresistance. It has recently been determined that CRC cells and tissues exhibit dysregulation of tens of oncogenic and tumor suppressor lncRNAs. Serum samples from CRC patients exhibit dysregulated expressions of several of these transcripts, offering a non-invasive method of detecting this kind of cancer. In this review, we outlined the typical paradigms of the deregulated lncRNA which exert significant role in the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC initiation and progression. We comprehensively discuss the role of lncRNAs as innovative targets for CRC prognosis and treatment.

Effect of Stress on Sleep Quality among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: It has long been understood that sleep is a necessary therapeutic element of human physiology and is crucial for healthy functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Medical students frequently minimize their sleep and habits to cope with their workload and their stressful lives, which has a negative influence on both mental health and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress and its effect on sleep quality among medical students (in both the preclinical and clinical years) at Jazan University in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was applied in this study. The sample constituted medical students at Jazan University, Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online survey was distributed actively to measure the variables of interest. RESULTS: This study examined the sleep quality and psychological distress among 347 students. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of students experienced sleep difficulties, with 52.8% reporting mild sleep problems and 46.6% reporting moderate sleep difficulties. In addition, a notable percentage of participants (28.2%) reported very high psychological distress, while 27.4% experienced severe psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that medical students had a high level of stress and poor sleep quality, which led to unhealthy habits, such as consuming many energy drinks. Hence, it is recommended that concerns should be addressed to minimize the risk of developing chronic illnesses.

Résumé Introduction:Il est depuis longtemps admis que le sommeil est un élément thérapeutique essentiel de la physiologie humaine et qu'il est crucial pour un fonctionnement sain, la santé mentale et la qualité de vie. Les étudiants en médecine ont souvent tendance à réduire leur sommeil et à modifier leurs habitudes pour faire face à leur charge de travail et à leur vie stressante, ce qui a une influence négative sur leur santé mentale et leurs performances académiques. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer la prévalence du stress et son effet sur la qualité du sommeil chez les étudiants en médecine (tant en années précliniques que cliniques) à l'Université de Jazan en Arabie saouditeMatériel et méthodes:Une étude transversale a été réalisée dans le cadre de cette étude. L'échantillon était constitué d'étudiants en médecine de l'Université de Jazan, dans la région de Jazan, en Arabie saoudite. Une enquête en ligne auto-administrée a été activement distribuée pour mesurer les variables d'intérêt.Résultats:Cette étude a examiné la qualité du sommeil et la détresse psychologique chez 347 étudiants. Les résultats ont révélé qu'une proportion significative d'étudiants rencontrait des difficultés de sommeil, avec 52,8 % signalant des problèmes de sommeil légers et 46,6 % signalant des difficultés de sommeil modérées. De plus, un pourcentage notable de participants (28,2 %) a signalé une détresse psychologique très élevée, tandis que 27,4 % ont connu une détresse psychologique sévèreConclusions:Cette étude a révélé que les étudiants en médecine présentaient un niveau élevé de stress et une mauvaise qualité de sommeil, ce qui conduisait à des habitudes peu saines, telles que la consommation excessive de boissons énergisantes. Par conséquent, il est recommandé de prendre des mesures pour réduire le risque de développer des maladies chroniques.

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of elemental contents in crude phosphoric acid samples and studies on adsorption removal of these elements using synthesized bionanocomposites.

Harmful elements in Egyptian phosphoric acid were identified by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. In the Second Egyptian Nuclear Research Reactor, precipitates were created and examined to identify many types of contaminants (Ce, Co, Cr, etc.). New bionanocomposite materials effectively removed with a high proportion each of Ce, Th, Pa, U, Np, Zn, and Co (100%) and a somewhat lower percentage (65-85%) for Cr, Sc, and Fe from simulated solutions, suggesting promise for purifying phosphoric acid.

Approaches based on miRNAs in Behçet's Disease: Unveiling pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic applications.

Behçet's Disease (BD) is an intricate medical puzzle, captivating researchers with its enigmatic pathogenesis. This complex ailment, distinguished by recurrent mouth and genital lesions, eye irritation, and skin injuries, presents a substantial obstacle to therapeutic research. This review explores the complex interaction of microRNAs (miRNAs) with BD, highlighting their crucial involvement in the disease's pathophysiology. miRNAs, recognized for regulatory influence in diverse biological processes, hold a pivotal position in the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, such as BD. The exploration begins with examining miRNA biogenic pathways and functions, establishing a foundational understanding of their regulatory mechanisms. Shifting to the molecular landscape governing BD, the review highlights miRNA-mediated impacts on critical signaling pathways like Notch, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), offering insights into intricate pathophysiological mechanisms. Dissecting the immunological landscape reveals the profound influence of miRNAs on BD, shedding light on the intricate modulation of immune responses and offering novel perspectives on disease etiology and progression. Beyond molecular intricacies, the review explores the clinical relevance of miRNAs in BD, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The discussion extends to the promising realm of miRNA-based therapeutic interventions, highlighting their potential in alleviating symptoms and altering disease progression. This comprehensive review, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, aims to decipher the intricate molecular tapestry of BD and explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs.

The Endovascular Embolization of an Isolated Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report.

While isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIIAAs) are rare entities, they are associated with a high mortality rate if ruptured. IIAAs are usually asymptomatic and can be discovered accidentally during imaging for any other causes. The treatment options vary according to the signs, symptoms, size of the aneurysm, and the patient's general condition. While surgery used to be the first option of treatment earlier, with the advances in the field of endovascular intervention, endovascular repair of IIIAA has emerged as the first option of treatment if applicable.

Efficacy of using adipose-derived stem cells and PRP on regeneration of 40 -mm long sciatic nerve defect bridged by polyglycolic-polypropylene mesh in canine model.

BACKGROUND: Sciatic nerve repair becomes a focus of research in neurological aspect to restore the normal physical ability of the animal to stand and walk. Tissue engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) provide a promising alternative therapy for regeneration of large gap defects. The present study investigates the regenerative capacity of PRP, ADSCs, and PRP mixed ADSCs on a long sciatic nerve defect (40-mm) bridged by a polyglycolic polypropylene (PGA-PRL) mesh which acts as a neural scaffold. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 12 adult male mongrel dogs that were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (scaffold group); where the sciatic defect was bridged by a (PGA-PRL) mesh only while the mesh was injected with ADSCs in Group II (ADSCs group), PRP in Group III (PRP group). Mixture of PRP and ADSCs was allocated in Group IV (PRP + ADSCs group). Monthly, all animals were monitored for improvement in their gait and a numerical lameness score was recorded for all groups. 6 months-post surgery, the structural and functional recovery of sciatic nerve was evaluated electrophysiologically, and on the level of gene expression, and both sciatic nerve and the gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated morphometrically, histopathologically. RESULTS: Numerical lameness score showed improvement in the motor activities of both Group II and Group III followed by Group IV and the scaffold group showed mild improvement even after 6 months. Histopathologically, all treated groups showed axonal sprouting and numerous regenerated fascicles with obvious angiogenesis in proximal cut, and distal portion where Group IV exhibited a significant remyelination with the MCOOL technique. The regenerative ratio of gastrocnemius muscle was 23.81%, 56.68%, 52.06% and 40.69% for Group I, II, III and IV; respectively. The expression of NGF showed significant up regulation in the proximal portion for both Group III and Group IV (P ≤ 0.0001) while Group II showed no significant difference. PDGF-A, and VEGF expressions were up-regulated in Group II, III, and IV whereas Group I showed significant down-regulation for NGF, PDGF-A, and VEGF (P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION: ADSCs have a great role in restoring the damaged nerve fibers by secreting several types of growth factors like NGF that have a proliferative effect on Schwann cells and their migration. In addition, PRP therapy potentiates the effect of ADSCs by synthesis another growth factors such as PDGF-A, VEGF, NGF for better healing of large sciatic gap defects.

Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Case of Cardiac Arrest among the Population in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: For cardiac arrest victims, providing high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental component of initial care, especially in out-of-hospital settings. We sought to assess the knowledge of nonmedically trained individuals about CPR in case of cardiac arrest in the population of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey containing 22 questions was administered to individuals aged ≥ 18 years who were not health-care providers. The sample comprised residents of Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The survey included knowledge about the signs of cardiac arrest, previous experiences with CPR, knowledge of basic life support (BLS), and concerns related to CPR. RESULTS: This study examined responses from 480 people to assess their knowledge of CPR. More than one-half were female, and only 33% were male. Only 36.04% reported having received CPR training. In the event of a family member's cardiac arrest, more than 90% state that they would perform CPR. If a family member suffered a sudden cardiac arrest, more than 70% would call an ambulance immediately, whereas only 48% would call an ambulance if the same thing happened to a stranger. Fear of making a mistake was the most common reason for not performing CPR (70.63%). The media was the most common source of CPR training. Women were more aware of the warning signs of sudden cardiac arrest than men. Women were also more likely than men to perform CPR or call for assistance. Furthermore, women were significantly more likely than men to discontinue CPR on a sudden cardiac arrest patient for fear of stopping a working heart or being contaminated by blood or vomit. Few respondents were willing to undergo CPR training; students, homemakers, and retired people were more willing to be trained in CPR than others. CONCLUSION: In the Saudi Arabian province of Jazan, nonmedically trained people demonstrated a low level of CPR training and knowledge. We believe that making BLS courses available to the general public will increase CPR awareness and understanding among adults and increase survival rates in cases of sudden cardiac arrest.

Résumé Introduction:Pour les victimes d'un arrêt cardiaque, la prestation d'une réanimation cardiorespiratoire (RCP) de haute qualité est un élément fondamental de lains, notamment en milieu extra-hospitalier. Nous avons cherché à évaluer les connaissances des personnes non formées médicalement sur la RCP en cas d'insuffisance cardiaque. arrestation dans la population de Jazan, Arabie Saoudite.Matériels et méthodes:Une enquête transversale contenant 22 questions a été administrée personnes âgées de ≥ 18 ans qui n'étaient pas des prestataires de soins de santé. L'échantillon comprenait des résidents de Jazan, en Arabie saoudite. L'enquête comprenait connaissance des signes d'arrêt cardiaque, expériences antérieures avec la RCR, connaissance du maintien de la vie de base (BLS) et préoccupations liées à RCR.Résultats:Cette étude a examiné les réponses de 480 personnes pour évaluer leur connaissance de la RCR. Plus de la moitié étaient des femmes, et seulement 33 % étaient des hommes. Seulement 36,04 % ont déclaré avoir reçu une formation en RCR. En cas d'arrêt cardiaque d'un membre de la famille, plus de 90 % déclarent qu'ils effectueraient la RCR. Si un membre de la famille subissait un arrêt cardiaque soudain, plus de 70 % appelleraient une ambulance immédiatement, alors que seulement 48% appelleraient une ambulance si la même chose arrivait à un étranger. La peur de faire une erreur était la raison la plus courante pour ne pas pratiquer la RCR (70,63 %). Les médias étaient la source la plus courante de formation en RCR. Les femmes étaient plus conscientes des signes avant-coureurs d'arrêt cardiaque soudain que les hommes. Les femmes étaient également plus susceptibles que les hommes d'effectuer une RCR ou d'appeler à l'aide. Par ailleurs, les femmes étaient significativement plus susceptibles que les hommes d'interrompre la RCR sur un patient en arrêt cardiaque soudain de peur d'arrêter un cœur qui fonctionnait ou d'être contaminé par du sang ou des vomissures. Peu de répondants étaient disposés à suivre une formation en RCR; les étudiants, les femmes au foyer et les retraités étaient plus disposés à suivre une formation en RCR que d'autres.Conclusion:Dans la province saoudienne de Jazan, des personnes non formées médicalement ont démontré une faible niveau de formation et de connaissances en RCR. Nous pensons que rendre les cours BLS accessibles au grand public augmentera la sensibilisation à la RCP et la compréhension chez les adultes et augmenter les taux de survie en cas d'arrêt cardiaque soudain.

Synthesis, insecticidal Activity, and molecular docking analysis of some benzo[h]quinoline derivatives against Culex pipiens L. Larvae.

Some heterocycles bearing a benzo[h]quinoline moiety were synthesized through treating a 3-((2-chlorobenzo[h]quinolin-3-yl)methylene)-5-(p-tolyl)furan-2(3H)-one with four nitrogen nucleophiles comprising ammonium acetate, benzylamine, dodecan-1-amine, and 1,2-diaminoethane. Also, thiation reactions of furanone and pyrrolinone derivatives were investigated. The insecticidal activity of these compounds against mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens L.) was evaluated. All tested compounds exhibited significant larvicidal activity, surpassing that of the conventional insecticide chlorpyrifos. In silico docking analysis revealed that these compounds may act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, potentially explaining their larvicidal effect. Additionally, interactions with other neuroreceptors, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and sodium channel voltage-gated alpha subunit were also predicted. The results obtained from this study reflected the potential of benzo[h]quinoline derivatives as promising candidates for developing more effective and sustainable mosquito control strategies. The ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analyses displayed their desirable drug-likeness and oral bioavailability properties.

Formic acid as an antibiotic alternative in broiler diets: effects on growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and intestinal microbial load.

This study explored the ability of formic acid (FA) to replace antibiotics in broiler chicken diets. It examined how FA affected the chickens' growth, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, and gut bacteria. The experiment randomly assigned 300 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks to 5 groups, each divided into 6 replicates with 10 unsexed chicks. The following were the treatments: 1st group, negative control (NC): only received a basal diet; 2nd group, positive control (PC): received a basal diet supplemented with 0.5 grams of Colistin antibiotic per kilogram of diet; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups (FA2, FA4, and FA6) these groups received a basal diet along with formic acid added at increasing levels: 2, 4, and 6 Cm3 per kilogram of diet, respectively. Results found no significant differences in live body weight (LBW) or body weight gain (BWG) between treatment groups, except for LBW at one week and BWG at 0 to 1 and 4 to 5 wk of age. No significant variations were found in feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatment groups, excluding FI and FCR at 1 to 2 wk of age. The treatments significantly impacted carcass traits, dressing percentage, breast meat, thigh meat, spleen, giblets, blood levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin, as well as the activity of enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in chicks fed different diets compared to control groups. The addition of FA to the diet significantly impacted antioxidant levels. Also, the FA2 group had the highest total bacterial count (TBC). However, the FA6 group was the opposite; it had the lowest levels of harmful bacteria, such as E. coli and Coliform. Supplementing broiler diets with formic acid improves blood parameters, antioxidant activity, and gut bacteria counts, with 4.0 cm³ formic acid/kg diet supplementation promoting optimal broiler health and product quality.

Effects of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside on metabolic enzymes and AMPK in the liver tissue of STZ-induced diabetes in mice.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It involves disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Novel therapeutic approaches are continuously being explored to enhance metabolic control and prevent complications associated with the disease. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside, a flavonoid, in managing diabetes by modulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and improving metabolic enzyme activities in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice were treated with varying doses of kaempherol-3-rhamnoside and/or insulin over a 28-day period. Glycolytic and gluconeogenesis enzyme activities in the liver, fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Treatment with kaempherol-3-rhamnoside significantly improved glycolytic enzyme activities, reduced fasting blood glucose, and enhanced insulin levels compared to diabetic controls. The compound also normalized lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress in the liver, suggesting its potential in reversing diabetic dyslipidemia and oxidative damage. Furthermore, kaempherol-3-rhamnoside activated the AMPK pathway, indicating a mechanism through which it could exert its effects. Kaempherol-3-rhamnoside exhibits promising antidiabetic properties, potentially through AMPK pathway activation and metabolic enzyme modulation. These findings support its potential use as an adjunct therapy for diabetes management. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate these results in human subjects.

Novel Approach to Photocatalytic Removal of Linezolid by Advanced Nano-Biochar/Bismuth Oxychloride Hybrid.

Herein, we introduce an innovative nanohybrid material for advanced wastewater treatment, composed of Corchorus olitorius-derived biochar and bismuth oxychloride (Biochar/Bi12O17Cl2), demonstrated in a solar photoreactor. This work focuses on the efficient degradation of linezolid (LIN), a persistent pharmaceutical pollutant, utilizing the unique (photo)catalytic capabilities of the nanohybrid. Compared with its individual components, the biochar/Bi12O17Cl2 hybrid exhibits a remarkable degradation efficiency of 82.6% for LIN, alongside significant chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization rates of 81.3 and 75.8%, respectively. These results were achieved within 3 h under solar irradiation, using an optimal composite dose of 125 mg/L at pH 4.3 ± 0.45, with an initial COD and LIN concentrations of 1605 and 160.8 mg/L and TOC of 594.3 mg/L. The nanohybrid's stability across five cycles of use demonstrates its potential for repeated applications, with degradation efficiencies of 82.6 and 77.9% in the first and fifth cycles, respectively. This indicates the biochar/Bi12O17Cl2 composite's suitability as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the remediation of heavily contaminated waters. Further, the degradation pathway proposed the degradation of all of the generated intermediates to a single-ring compound. Contributing to the development of next-generation materials for environmental remediation, this research underscores the critical role of nanotechnology in enhancing water quality and ecosystem sustainability and addressing the global imperative for clean water access and environmental preservation.

When Medications Backfire: A Case Report of Rifaximin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Kidney Transplant Patient.

Rhabdomyolysis involves significant skeletal muscle injury and destruction, which can be triggered by trauma, intense physical activity, heat, prolonged immobility, certain medications, and endocrine disorders. Rhabdomyolysis in renal transplants can be more complicated, and the prognosis is not well known, especially in the context of coexisting rejection. We present a case of rifampicin-induced rhabdomyolysis with superimposed acute cellular rejection in a kidney transplant patient.

Analysis of potential genes, immunological and antioxidant profiles associated with trypanosomiasis susceptibility in dromedary camels.

Trypanosomiasis is associated with tissue damage and may trigger an immunological response. These tissue lesions are linked to metabolic issues and oxidative stress. The current study aimed to investigate the immunological, antioxidant, and metabolic changes that may be connected to camel trypanosomiasis. Blood samples were collected from 54 camels and allocated into two groups: The control group (35 camels) and the infected group (19 camels). The genes TLR2, TLR5, IL-17, MARCHF3, RASGRP1, EPS15L1, PPIE, ASB16, CMPK2, LPCAT1, FPGT, GPHN, TNNI3K, DIO3, keap1, and OXSR1 were significantly up-regulated in trypanosomiasis camels. However, down-regulation was observed for the genes Nrf2, PRDX6, and NDUFS5. PCR-DNA sequencing was used to identify nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the immune (TLR2, TLR5, IL-17, MARCHF3, RASGRP1, and EPS15L1), metabolic (PPIE, ASB16, CMPK2, LPCAT1, FPGT, GPHN, TNNI3K, and DIO3), and antioxidant (Nrf2, Keap1, PRDX6, NDUFS5, and OXSR1) genes between healthy and trypanosomiasis-affected camels. Exploring the serum profile also showed a significant (P ˂ 0.05) increase in Hp, SAA, Cp, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL 10, TNF-α, and MDA, with significant (P ˂ 0.05) reduction in the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, T3, and T4 in diseased camels compared with healthy ones. Our findings confirm the significance of nucleotide variations, gene expression patterns, and the biochemical profile of the investigated markers as indicators for the susceptibility of trypanosomiasis in dromedary camels and may be utilized to create management strategies.