Dimensionality Engineering of Magnetic Anisotropy from the Anomalous Hall Effect in Synthetic SrRuO3 Crystals.

Magnetic anisotropy in atomically thin correlated heterostructures is essential for exploring quantum magnetic phases for next-generation spintronics. Whereas previous studies have mostly focused on van der Waals systems, here we investigate the impact of dimensionality of epitaxially grown correlated oxides down to the monolayer limit on structural, magnetic, and orbital anisotropies. By designing oxide superlattices with a correlated ferromagnetic SrRuO3 and nonmagnetic SrTiO3 layers, we observed modulated ferromagnetic behavior with the change of the SrRuO3 thickness. Especially, for three-unit-cell-thick layers, we observe a significant 1500% improvement of the coercive field in the anomalous Hall effect, which cannot be solely attributed to the dimensional crossover in ferromagnetism. The atomic-scale heterostructures further reveal the systematic modulation of anisotropy for the lattice structure and orbital hybridization, explaining the enhanced magnetic anisotropy. Our findings provide valuable insights into engineering the anisotropic hybridization of synthetic magnetic crystals, offering a tunable spin order for various applications.

Hospital Outcomes in Patients Who Developed Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for and outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: This is a retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database between 2016 and 2020. Patients diagnosed with pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), antimicrobial therapy, and hospital admission ≥2 days were included. Multivariable regression models were used for outcomes including in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, and days on MV. Results: 1924 (2.7%) of 72 107 patients with CAP developed ARDS. ARDS was associated with higher mortality (33.7% vs 18.9%; adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.16-2.66), longer hospital LOS (13 vs 9 days; adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR) 1.24; 95% CI 1.20-1.27), ICU LOS (9 vs 5 days; aIRR 1.51; 95% CI 1.46-1.56), more MV days (8 vs 5; aIRR 1.54; 95% CI 1.48-1.59), and increased hospitalization cost ($46 459 vs $29 441; aIRR 1.50; 95% CI 1.45-1.55). Conclusion: In CAP, ARDS was associated with worse in-patient outcomes in terms of mortality, LOS, and hospitalization cost. Future studies are needed to explore outcomes in patients with CAP with ARDS and explore risk factors for development of ARDS after CAP.

Electrochemical sensor based on PEDOT/CNTs-graphene oxide for simultaneous determination of hazardous hydroquinone, catechol, and nitrite in real water samples.

Hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and nitrite (NT) are considered aquatic environmental pollutants. They are highly toxic, harm humans' health, and damage the environment. Thus, in the present work we introduce a simple and efficient electrochemical sensor for determination of HQ, CC, and NT simultaneously in wastewater sample. The sensor is fabricated by modifying the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by two successive thin films from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and a mixture of carbon nanotubes-graphene oxide (CNT-GRO). Under optimized conditions the HQ, CC, and NT are successfully detected simultaneously in wastewater sample with changing their concentrations in the ranges (0.04 → 100 µM), (0.01 → 100 µM) and (0.05 → 120 µM), the detection limits are 8.5 nM, 3.8 nM and 6.1 nM, respectively. Good potential peak separations: 117 mV and 585 mV are obtained between the HQ-CC, and CC-NT. The sensor has an excellent catalytic capability toward the oxidation of HQ, CC, and NT due to good synergism between its composite components: PEDOT, GRO and CNTs. The features of the sensor are large active surface area, good electrical conductivity, perfect storage stability, good reproducibility, anti-interference capability and accepted recovery rate for HQ, CC, and NT determination in wastewater sample.

Differentiation of acanthamoeba keratitis from other non-acanthamoeba keratitis: Risk factors and clinical features.

INTRODUCTION: Infectious Keratitis is one of the most common ocular emergencies seen by ophthalmologists. Our aim is to identify the risk factors and clinical features of Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK). METHODS: This retrospective chart review study was conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and included all the microbial keratitis cases, male and female patients of all ages. The main outcome is the differentiation between various microbial keratitis types. RESULTS: We included 134 consecutive eyes of 126 persons. We had 24 cases of acanthamoeba keratitis, 22 bacterial keratitis, 24 fungal keratitis, 32 herpetic keratitis, and 32 bacterial co-infection. Contact lens wear was found in 33 eyes (24.6%). Among acanthamoeba keratitis patients, 73% were ≤ 39 years of age, and 73% were females (P <0.001). Also, in AK cases, epithelial defect was found in all cases (100%), endothelial plaques were found in 18 eyes (69.2%), 12 cases had radial keratoneuritis (46.2%), and ring infiltrate was found in 53.8% of AK cases. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the factors that increase the risk of acanthamoeba infection and the clinical characteristics that help distinguish it from other types of microbial keratitis. Our findings suggest that younger females and patients who wear contact lenses are more likely to develop acanthamoeba keratitis. The occurrence of epitheliopathy, ring infiltrate, radial keratoneuritis, and endothelial plaques indicate the possibility of acanthamoeba infection. Promoting education on wearing contact lenses is essential to reduce the risk of acanthamoeba infection, as it is the most significant risk factor for this infection.

Targeting mevalonate pathway by zoledronate ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model: Promising therapy against post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays a critical role in post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF) and its intervention with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be a potential therapeutic target. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of zoledronate (ZA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats through targeting ACE2, ROCK, and VEGF signaling pathways. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, vehicle-treated, PF, PF-ZA 50, and PF-ZA 100 groups. ZA was given in two different doses 100 and 50 µg/kg/week intraperitoneally. After anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) was measured. After scarification, lung coefficient was calculated. Lung levels of ACE 2, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), VEGF, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Expression of ROCK, phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (P-MYPT1), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1), along with histopathological changes and immune-histochemical staining for lung α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and caspase-3, were evaluated. RESULTS: ZA significantly prevented the decrease in MBP. ZA significantly increased ACE2, GSH, and SOD and significantly decreased IL-1ß, TGF-ß, and VEGF in lung in comparison to PF group. ZA prevented the histopathological changes induced by CCl4. ZA inhibited lung expression of ROCK, P-MYPT1, MMP-1, α-SMA, TNFα, and caspase-3 with significant differences favoring the high dose intervention. CONCLUSION: ZA in a dose-dependent manner prevented the pathological effect of CCl4 in the lung by targeting mevalonate pathway. It could be promising therapy against PCPF.

Electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of antiviral favipiravir drug, paracetamol and vitamin C based on host-guest inclusion complex of ß-CD/CNTs nanocomposite.

Favipiravir (FVI) is extensively used as an effective medication against several diverse infectious RNA viruses. It is widely administered as an anti-influenza drug. Combination therapy formed from FVI, paracetamol (PAR) and vitamin C (VC) is needed for treating patients diseased by RNA viruses. Thus, an efficient electrochemical sensor is developed for detecting FVI in human serum samples. The sensor is fabricated by casting a thin layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface followed by electrodeposition of another layer of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD). Under optimized conditions, the sensor shows excellent catalytic effect for FVI, PAR and VC oxidation in the concentration ranges (0.08 µM → 80 µM), (0.08 µM → 50 µM) and (0.8 µM → 80 µM) with low detection limits of 0.011 µM, 0.042 µM and 0.21 µM, respectively. The combined effect of host-guest interaction ability of ß-CD for the drugs, and a large conductive surface area of CNTs improves the sensing performance of the electrode. The sensor exhibits stable response over 4 weeks, good reproducibility, and insignificant interference from common species present in serum samples. The reliability of using the sensor in serum samples shows good recovery of FVI, PAR and VC.

The Perception of Spectacles Use Among the General Population in Ha'il Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The study aims to assess the perception of optical spectacles use among the Ha'il region population in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed via various social media applications to the residents of the Ha'il region. An online questionnaire was designed and included informed consent and questions assessing the participants' perceptions about wearing eyeglasses, contact lenses, and general eye health. Results: 32.4% of the participants think that long-term eyeglasses wearing worsens vision, and 43% think eyeglasses wearing improves vision. 75.2% believe that long-term use of glasses could cause lifetime dependency on eyeglasses. Regarding contact lenses, 45.9% believe that long-term wearing worsens vision, and 24.1% think long-term wearing of contact lenses improves vision. 60% think long-term use of lenses causes lifetime dependency on those contact lenses. Conclusion: Our results highlighted the misconceptions among the study population regarding wearing prescribed eyeglasses and contact lenses. Thus, education programs and media are warranted to correct the misconceptions about spectacles and raise the awareness about refractive errors and treatment options.

CRP, but not fibrinogen, is associated with gait speed as early as middle age, in females but not males.

Low grade systemic inflammation and age-related gait speed decline are known to be related in older adults, but their relations in the early stages of the aging process are yet to be fully described. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gait speed and two inflammation markers-c-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen-in a cohort of middle-aged adults in Israel. 326 healthy, middle-aged, Muslim-Arabs from three villages in northern Israel participated in this cross-sectional study. Serum CRP and fibrinogen were measured via blood tests, and gait speed was assessed with the 6-min walk test (6MWT). After adjusting for sex, age, height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides, executive function, smoking status and aerobic physical activity, gait speed was negatively and significantly associated with CRP (b = - 0.01, p = 0.029). When stratifying by gender, this link remained significant only among females (b = - 0.012, p = 0.041), such as that an increase of one SD unit of CRP was associated with a 0.047 m/s decrease in gait speed. No significant link was found between fibrinogen levels and gait speed. Blood CRP levels are associated with a slower walking speed already in middle age, independent of age, executive function and cardio-metabolic factors, among female Arab-Muslims in Israel. Future studies should examine this relationship longitudinally and investigate a broader array of inflammation markers. Systemic inflammation may serve as an early marker for people at risk of decreased walking or accelerated aging; Early identification and intervention among at-risk individuals may help prevent or slow gait speed decline, and promote healthier aging.

Electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of trifluoperazine and dopamine in human serum based on graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes/iron-nickel nanoparticles.

Trifluoperazine (TFLP) is an important psychiatric medication that balances the dopamine (DA) level in the brain for patients suffering from neurological disorder diseases. An efficient electrochemical sensor is developed for detecting TFLP in real human serum samples. The sensor is fabricated by casting the GC surface with two consecutive thin layers, namely a graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes mixture (GRO-CNT), and iron-nickel nanoparticles (Fe-Ni). The diffusion-controlled oxidation process of TFLP at the composite surface includes one electron transfer process. Under optimized conditions, the sensor in human serum shows excellent catalytic effect for simultaneous determination of TFLP and dopamine (DA) in the same concentration range (0.5 µM to 18 µM) with low detection limits of 0.13 µM and 0.32 µM respectively. The combined effect of a large conductive surface area and the excellent catalytic activity of the nanocomposite improves the sensor's performance. The sensor exhibits a stable current response over four weeks, excellent reproducibility, and insignificant interference from common species present in human serum samples. The reliability test of using the sensor in serum samples shows good recovery of TFLP.

HER2/neu expression status of post BCG recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinomas in relation to their primary ones.

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection (TUR) followed by adjuvant therapy is still the treatment of choice of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (NMIBUC). However, recurrence is one of the most troublesome features of these lesions. Early second resection and adjuvant BCG therapy has been shown to improve the outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of C-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) expression status in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma cases, before and after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG immunotherapy). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HER2/neu expression was studied in 120 (Ta-T1) Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma cases. The expression was evaluated and compared to the expression after Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. RESULTS: HER2/neu expression in low and high grade of the Non- Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma was (38%) and (83%) respectively. The difference of the expression rates by tumor grade was statistically significant. In recurring lesions post BCG therapy, C-erbB-2 expression was markedly decreased (31.6%) when compared to its expression before therapy (65%). CONCLUSIONS: The HER2/neu expression increased as the tumor grade rose. The reduction in expression following BCG treatment in Non-Invasive transitional cell carcinoma cases could reflect a reduction of the potential malignancy of the tumor.

A Novel Approach of Periodontal Osseous Wall Piezosplitting and Sequential Bone Expansion in Management of Localized Intra-Bony Defects with Wide Angulation-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Piezoelectric surgical instruments with various mini-sized tips and cutting technology offer a precise and thin cutting line that could allow the wider use of periodontal osseous wall swaging. This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the use of a minimally invasive piezo knife to harvest vascularized interseptal bone pedicles in treating intra-bony defects. Sixteen non-smoking patients (mean age 39.6 ± 3.9) with severe chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned into one of two groups (N = 8). The Group 1 (control) patients were treated by bone substitute grafting of the intra-bony defect, whereas the Group 2 patients were treated by intra-bony defect osseous wall swaging (OWS) combined with xenograft filling of the space created by bone tilting. In both groups, the root surfaces were treated with a neutral 24% EDTA gel followed by saline irrigation. Clinical and radiographic measurements were obtained at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The sites treated with osseous wall swaging showed a statistically significant probing-depth reduction and increase in clinical attachment compared with those of the Group 1 patients. The defect base level was significantly reduced for the OWS group compared to that of the Group 1 control. By contrast, the crestal bone level was significantly higher in the OWS group compared to Group 1. The crestal interseptal bone width was significantly higher in Group 2 at 6 months compared to the baseline value and to that of Group 1 (<0.001). The osseous wall swaging effectively improved the clinical hard- and soft-tissue parameters. The use of mini inserts piezo-cutting, sequential bone expanders for osseous wall redirection, and root surface EDTA etching appears to be a reliable approach that could allow the use of OWS at any interproximal dimension.

A Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Arising in a Bilharzial Urinary Bladder: A Reappraisal and Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Angiosarcoma (AS) of the urinary bladder is a very rare and aggressive malignancy with a dismal outcome. CASE REPORT: Here, we report a primary epithelioid angiosarcoma (EAS) of the urinary bladder in a forty-nine-year-old male patient who presented with severe hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed hemorrhagic ulcerated bladder mucosa but no definite mass lesions. Intractable hematuria raised the initial clinical impression of idiopathic hemorrhagic cystitis. Analysis of the cystoscopic biopsy revealed features of old bilharzial cystitis, markedly atypical epithelioid endothelial cells arranged as primitive anastomosing vascular structures and expressing vascular markers. The diagnosis of EAS was established. The patient developed intractable severe hematuria, and a radical cystoprostatectomy was performed. The patient was started on chemotherapy but suddenly developed widespread distant metastasis (liver, lung, suprarenal glands, and lymph nodes) and succumbed to death two months after the surgery. CONCLUSION: To the best of these authors' knowledge, we presented the first report of primary EAS arising in a bilharzial bladder. The relevant studies were discussed.

Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Erbium-Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnets.

We synthesized a series of slightly erbium-substituted yttrium iron garnets (Er:YIG), Y3-x Er x Fe5O12 at different Er concentrations (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) using a solid-state reaction and investigated their structural, magnetic, and optical properties as a function of Er concentration. The volume of the unit cell slightly increased with Er concentration and Er atoms predominately replaced Y atoms in the dodecahedrons of YIG. The optical properties exhibited certain decreases in reflectance in the 1500-1600 nm wavelength range due to the presence of Er3+. Despite the many unpaired 4f electrons in Er3+, the total magnetic moments of Er:YIG showed similar trends with temperatures and magnetic fields above 30 K. An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study confirmed the robust Fe 3d magnetic moments. However, the magnetic moments suddenly decreased to below 30 K with Er substitution, and the residual magnetism (M R) and coercive field (H C) in the magnetic hysteresis loops decreased to below 30 K with Er substitution. This implies that Er substitution in YIG has a negligible effect on magnetic properties over a wide temperature range except below 30 K where the Er 4f spins are coupled antiparallel to the majority Fe 3d spins. Our studies demonstrated that above 30 K the magnetic properties of YIG are retained even with Er substitution, which is evidence that the Er doping scheme is applicable for YIG-based magneto-optical devices in the mid-infrared regime.

Association between organ donation awareness and willingness among Saudi university students.

BACKGROUND: As the global incidence of end-stage organ failure increases, the gap between organ donors and recipients continues to widen. This study was conducted to determine the association between organ donation awareness and organ donation willingness among students of a Saudi university. DESIGN AND METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select the required 723 sample size. Estimation of proportion of students who were aware about organ donation and those who were willing to donate their organs was performed using EpiInfo© Version 7. Association between organ donation awareness and willingness was determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Nearly 98% of the participants were aware that organ donation saves lives (95% CI: 96.27%-98.53%); 84.09% were aware that Islam allows organ donation (95% CI: 81.25%-86.58%); 64.87% were aware that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia (95% CI: 61.32%-68.26%); 32.64% were aware that the government gives incentives to the family of an organ donor (95% CI: 29.32%-36.14%). Over half (56.71%) of the students (95% CI: 53.07 - 60.28%) expressed willingness to donate their organs. Positive association was found between awareness on the position of Islam on organ donation (OR=2.7023, p<0.0001) and awareness of that organ donation can be successfully performed in Saudi Arabia (OR=1.9447, p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness that Islam allows organ donation and awareness that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia increased the students' willingness to donate.

Efficiency Enhancement of Electro-Adsorption Desalination Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Incorporated Activated Carbon Nanocomposite.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is currently considered a potential candidate for brackish water desalination. In this study, we designed iron oxide nanoparticle-incorporated activated carbon (AC/Fe2O3) via a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal process. The as-synthesized material was characterized using several techniques and tested as electrodes in CDI applications. We found that the distinctive properties of the AC/Fe2O3 electrode, i.e., high wettability, high surface area, unique structural morphology, and high conductivity, resulted in promising CDI performance. The electrosorptive capacity of the AC/Fe2O3 nanocomposite reached 6.76 mg g-1 in the CDI process, with a high specific capacitance of 1157.5 F g-1 at 10 mV s-1 in a 1 M NaCl electrolyte. This study confirms the potential use of AC/Fe2O3 nanocomposites as viable electrode materials in CDI and other electrochemical applications.

Efficacy and safety of hydro-mechanical defragmentation in intermediate- and high-risk pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular syndrome. Percutaneous catheter directed hydro-mechanical defragmentation (HMD) is one of the recommended treatment options for PE in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy or failed systemic thrombolysis (ST). We aimed to identify the safety and outcomes of catheter directed HMD in patients with high-risk PE. This nonrandomized controlled trial enrolled all patients with confirmed diagnoses of high- and intermediate-high-risk PE from October 2019 till January 2021. Fifty patients were included and divided into two groups by the PE response team according to the presence or absence of a contraindication for ST. Group B (ST) consists of 25 patients and group A (HMD) of 25 patients who cannot receive ST. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable regarding baseline clinical characteristics with mean age 51 ± 13 years. In group A, systolic blood pressure (BP) and oxygen saturation increased after 24 h (p = 0.002) and 48 h (p < 0.001) compared to pre-HMD procedure. Mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and respiratory rate (RR) decreased after 48 h and at 30 days (p < 0.001) compared to pre-HMD procedure. The increase in systolic BP and oxygen saturation were significantly higher in HMD group compared with ST group after 48 h and at 30 days (p < 0.007). The decrease in PASP and RR was significantly higher in HMD group compared to ST group after 48 h and at 30 days (p < 0.001). Mortality rate at 30 days was 20% in HMD group compared to 32% in ST group. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter directed HMD for high-risk and intermediate-high-risk PE is safe and effective with acceptable mortality Trial registration Clinical trial ID: NCT04099186.

Direct Evidence of Electronic Interaction at the Atomic-Layer-Deposited MoS2 Monolayer/SiO2 Interface.

The electronic structure of an atomic-layer-deposited MoS2 monolayer on SiO2 was investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The angle-dependent evolution of the XAS spectra and the photon-energy-dependent evolution of the XPS spectra were analyzed in detail using an ab initio electronic structure simulation. Although similar to the theoretical spectra of an ideal free-standing MoS2 ML, the experimental spectra exhibit features that are distinct from those of an ideal ML, which can be interpreted as a consequence of S-O van der Waals (vdW) interactions. The strong consensus among the experimental and theoretical spectra suggests that the vdW interactions between MoS2 and adjacent SiO2 layers can influence the electronic structure of the system, manifesting a substantial electronic interaction at the MoS2-SiO2 interface.

Prehospital Combat Wound Medication Pack Administration in Iraq and Afghanistan: A Department of Defense Trauma Registry Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The United States (US) military utilizes combat wound medication packs (CWMP) to provide analgesia and wound prophylaxis in casualties who are still able to fight. We compared characteristics of combat casualties receiving CWMP to those not receiving CWMP. We also describe the proportions of casualties with injury patterns consistent with Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guideline indications for CWMP use who received this intervention. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of Department of a Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR) dataset of US military personnel from January 2007 to August 2016. We searched for all subjects with documented use of at least one medication from the CWMP (acetaminophen, meloxicam, moxifloxacin). RESULTS: Within our dataset, 11,665 casualties were US military Servicemembers. Overall, <1% (84) of our study population received the CWMP. The median age and mechanism of injuries were similar between CWMP nonrecipients versus recipients. Median composite injury scores were higher for nonrecipients than recipients (6 versus 4, P < .001). Proportions of casualties with injury patterns meeting TCCC guideline CWMP indications who received this intervention were low: gunshot wound, <1% (14 of 1805), tourniquet applied, <1% (11 of 1912), major amputation, <1% (5 of 803), and open fracture, <1% (10 of 2425). Based on serious injuries by body region, we had similar findings for the thorax (<1%; 3 of 1122), abdomen (<1%; 1 of 736), and extremities (<1%; 11 of 2699). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects receiving the CWMP were less severely injured compared to those who did not receive this intervention. The CWMP had very infrequent use among those casualties with injury patterns meeting indications specified in the TCCC Guidelines for use of this intervention.

Propagation Control of Octahedral Tilt in SrRuO3 via Artificial Heterostructuring.

Bonding geometry engineering of metal-oxygen octahedra is a facile way of tailoring various functional properties of transition metal oxides. Several approaches, including epitaxial strain, thickness, and stoichiometry control, have been proposed to efficiently tune the rotation and tilt of the octahedra, but these approaches are inevitably accompanied by unnecessary structural modifications such as changes in thin-film lattice parameters. In this study, a method to selectively engineer the octahedral bonding geometries is proposed, while maintaining other parameters that might implicitly influence the functional properties. A concept of octahedral tilt propagation engineering is developed using atomically designed SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (SRO/STO) superlattices. In particular, the propagation of RuO6 octahedral tilt within the SRO layers having identical thicknesses is systematically controlled by varying the thickness of adjacent STO layers. This leads to a substantial modification in the electromagnetic properties of the SRO layer, significantly enhancing the magnetic moment of Ru. This approach provides a method to selectively manipulate the bonding geometry of strongly correlated oxides, thereby enabling a better understanding and greater controllability of their functional properties.

X-ray spectroscopy study on the electronic structure of Sn-added p-type SnO films.

The electronic structure of the Sn-added p-type SnO thin film was examined using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Sn was intentionally added to a pristine SnO film, and the film was annealed to form p-type SnO. Sn L1- and L3-edge XAS was used to examine the oxidation states of the Sn-added p-type SnO. Compared to the case of the reference SnO, the spectrum of the Sn-added SnO (after annealing) partly contained the lineshape for SnO2, suggesting that the oxidation of Sn + SnO was progressed such that the film became preferably SnO2 + SnO rather than Sn + SnO2. O K-edge XAS, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) were also used to scrutinize the electronic structure. The direct bandgap of the annealed film was estimated to be ~3.6 eV, consistent with the reported SnO2 bandgap, while that of the as-deposited Sn-added SnO was <2.5 eV. The large bandgap after annealing suggests that the metallic Sn was no longer in existence and manifested the functionality of the annealed Sn + SnO as a p-type semiconductor.