[Peripheral neuropathies and factors associated in chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin]. / Neuropathies périphériques et facteurs associés chez les hémodialysés chroniques du Bénin.

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral neuropathies, in hemodialysis patients, are frequent. OBJECTIVE: To study peripheral neuropathies in the population of chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin. METHODS: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from April 1st to July 31st, 2017 in the hemodialysis units of the two public dialysis centers in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive with inclusion of all patients with hemodialysis for more than 3months, aged at least 18years and consenting. The diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy was based on the presence of sensory-motor and/or vegetative disorders associated with amyotrophy, abolition or reduction of osteotendinous reflexes and absence of central signs. RESULTS: A total of 189 hemodialysis patients were included in the two public hemodialysis centers of Benin, 180 at the CNHU-HKM and 9 at the CHUD/BA. The mean age was 50.23±13.31years with extremes from 20 to 85 years and a sex ratio of 1.59. The overall frequency of peripheral neuropathy was 59.26%, including polyneuropathies (72.32%), unifocal mononeuropathies (10.71%), polyradiculoneuropathies (9.82%), and multiple mononeuropathies (7.14%). The associated factor in multivariate analysis was socioeconomic level (P=0.001; OR 39.41; 95% CI 4.81-322.64). CONCLUSION: Peripheral neuropathy is frequent in chronic hemodialysis patients in Benin, requiring early detection and management.

Fréquence et déterminants de la dénutrition post-opératoire en chirurgie viscérale au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Koutoucou Hubert Maga, Cotonou: Frequency and determinants of post-operative undernutrition in patients undergoing visceral surgery at the University Hospital Centre Koutoucou Hubert Maga, Cotonou.

This study aims to determine the frequency and identify the factors associated with undernutrition among patients undergoing visceral surgery in 2014. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study over the period September 11, 2014-December 11, 2014. The study population comprised patients who had undergone visceral surgery at the National University Hospital Centre Koutoucou Hubert MAGA, Cotonou. Undernutrition is defined as a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2. A total of 90 patients were included in the study, 57,78% (52 patients) were male. The average age of patients was 55±6,32 years. Undernutrition was found in 42 patients (46.67%). The factors associated with undernutrition in postoperative patients were: age greater than or equal to 50 years, low level of protein, water and energy intake, diarrhea, cancer, digestive system surgery, emergency surgery, significant weight loss and hyperleukocytosis. Undernutrition is common in postoperative patients. Hence the importance of nutritional screening and of early treatment.

[Left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic hemodialysis patients at CNHU-HKM of Cotonou]. / Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche chez les hémodialysés chroniques du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou.

INTRODUCTION: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a predictor of mortality in hemodialysis. It takes a very high proportion among cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE: It was to determine the frequency of LVH and identify its associated factors among chronic hemodialysis patients of CNHU-HKM. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical, which took place 1st February to 31st October 2014. The sample consisted of patients aged over 15 years, chronic hemodialysis for at least 3 months. LVH is defined by a Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI)>115 g/m2 for men and >95 g/m2 in women. Doppler ultrasound was performed during 15 to 20 hours after the last hemodialysis session. Factors associated as sociodemographic characteristics, history, biological data, dialysis parameters were sought by logistic regression univariate analysis. The significance level was less than 0.05. RéSULTS: The sample size was 141 patients, 39% of women with a sex-ratio of 1.6. The average age was 50.1±12.3 years. The frequency of hypertension was 67.4%; diabetes: 14.9%; smoking: 9.2%; the rise of the pre-dialysis blood pression: 46.8%. The frequency of LVH was 54.6% and the associated factors were: the elevation of the predialysis blood pression (P=0.04), obesity (P=0.01), central catheter (P=0.03), anemia (P=0.02) and cardiomegaly (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: LVH is frequent in hemodialysis of CNHU-HKM. It is necessary to optimize the hemodialysis sessions and to achieve better management of associated factors.

Evaluation du statut martial des hémodialyses suivis au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou

Introduction : Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l'état martial des hémodialysés du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou. Patient et Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique, réalisée en janvier 2017 dans l'Unité d'Hémodialyse du Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou MAGA (CNHU-HKM). Ont été inclus, les patients hémodialysés chroniques, en dialyse de plus de 3 mois et âgés d'au moins 18 ans, sans pathologie intercurrente et non hospitalisés dans les 4 dernières semaines. L'évaluation de l'anémie a porté sur l'hémoglobine (g/dl), la ferritinémie (ng/ml) et le coefficient de saturation de la transferrine (CST). L'analyse des données a été faite au moyen des logiciels Excel 2013 et SPSS ver 8.0. Résultats : Au total, 190 hémodialysés ont été retenus, l'âge moyen était de 48,81±12.7 avec un sex-ratio de 1,71 et une ancienneté en dialyse de 68,25± 59,5 mois. Le taux moyen d'hémoglobine était de 8,6 ± 1,8 g/dl avec une ferritinemie moyenne de 1056,60± 1388,60 µg/l. La prévalence de l'anémie était de 91,6%. Parmi les patients, 23,7% avaient une ferritinemie entre 300 et 500 ng/dl et 66,8% avaient une ferritinemie élevée. Le CST était bas chez 69 patients soit 36,3% .Tous nos patients étaient sous EPO 4000 ui/semaine et la pluspart ont une supplémentation en fer. Discussion et Conclusion: Le pourcentage de nos patients répondant aux recommandations concernant l'anémie chez les hémodialysés est strictement inferieur aux données de la littérature. La ferritinemie de la moyenne de nos patients est supérieur aux normes, ce qui pourrait les exposer aux complications d'une surcharge ferrique

Profil épidemiologique de la maladie rénale chronique dans le service de néphrologie du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou

Introduction : La maladie rénale chronique (MRC) constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier le profil épidémiologique de la maladie rénale chronique dans la clinique universitaire de néphrologie et d'hémodialyse du CNHU-HKM de Cotonou. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive qui porte sur tous les patients hospitalisés ou suivis en consultation externe sur une période allant du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2014 soit 5 ans. Etaient inclus dans l'étude, les patients des deux sexes âgés de plus de quinze (15) et présentant une MRC définie par un débit de filtration glomérulaire inferieur à 60ml/min/1,73m2 sur trois (3) mois et/ou un des marqueurs d'atteinte rénale persistant au-delà de trois (3) mois. La collecte des données a été faite par un dépouillement des dossiers à l'aide d'un questionnaire établi. Résultats : Au total 820 cas de MRC ont été retenus. La moyenne d'âge des patients était de 47 ± 15 ans. La sex-ratio était de 1,8, la profession artisanale représentait 41,2% suivis de commerçants à 29%. La MRC représentait 91% des admissions. Le stade 5 de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale était observé chez 78% des patients. Les principales étiologies étaient dominées par HTA 75%, diabète sucré 15% et glomérulonéphrite chronique (GNC) 4%. Conclusion : La prévalence de la MRC est très élevée dans le service. Le diagnostic précoce et la prise en charge adéquate de HTA, diabète et GNC sont nécessaires

Management of arterial hypertension in Cotonou city, Benin: general practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practice.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the management of hypertensive patients by general practitioners in Cotonou city. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on a multicentre survey conducted from 1 May to 31 July 2011. We recruited all consenting general practitioners who worked in public and private centres in Cotonou city. We used the 7th report of the Joint National Committee to assess the management of hypertension by general practitioners. A tested and validated self-questionnaire was used to collect the data on hypertension management by general practitioners. RESULTS: In eight centres that approved the study, 41 general practitioners were included. The definition of hypertension was known by 20 (48.8%) practitioners. Only 25 (61.0%) could describe the conditions for blood pressure measurement. Ten of them were unable to list half of the minimum recommended tests for hypertension, and the majority (92.7%) did not have any idea of global cardiovascular risk. The blood pressure goal was known by only 18 (43.9%) practitioners. Lifestyle (82.9%) and monotherapy (70.7%) were the therapeutic modalities most prescribed. Antihypertensive agents commonly used by practitioners were calcium channel blockers (82.9%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (53.7%) and diuretics (36.6%). The general practitioners referred their patients to cardiologists mainly for uncontrolled hypertension (63.4%) and the onset of acute complications (56.1%). CONCLUSION: The general practitioners' knowledge of hypertension was insufficient and their management did not reflect international guidelines.