ABSTRACT
Thin films based on the natural polysaccharides κ-carrageenan (Carr) and chitosan (Chit) were formed by layer-by-layer deposition technique. Surface topography and mechanical characteristics (Young's modulus, adhesion strength) of the polymer films with different number of layers were determined using various modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polymer films were used to deposit on the surface of nitinol (NiTi) plates. The creation of polysaccharide coatings on nitinol led to a change in surface properties, such as hydrophilicity and root mean square roughness. in vitro cytotoxicity assay for nitinol plates with and without polymer coating by the MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line was conducted and was shown that all the studied samples are not toxic. A decrease in cytotoxicity for samples with a polymer film consisting of 4 layers of chitosan and carrageenan was shown as compared to an uncoated nitinol plates.
Subject(s)
Alloys/chemistry , Carrageenan/metabolism , Chitosan/chemistry , Chitosan/metabolism , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Carrageenan/pharmacology , Cell Adhesion , Cell Line , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Calcium phosphate cements are of great interest for researchers and their applications in medical practice expanded. Nevertheless, they have a number of drawbacks including the insufficient level of mechanical properties and low degradation rate. Struvite (MgNH4PO4) -based cements, which grew in popularity in recent years, despite their neutral pH and acceptable mechanical performance, release undesirable NH4 + ions during their resorption. This issue could be avoided by replacement of ammonia ions in the cement liquid with sodium, however, such cements have a pH values of 9-10, leading to cytotoxicity. Thus, the main goal of this investigation is to optimize the composition of cements to achieve the combination of desirable properties: neutral pH, sufficient mechanical properties, and the absence of cytotoxicity, applying Na2HPO4-based cement liquid. For this purpose, cement powders precursors in the CaO-MgO-P2O5 system were synthesized by one-pot process in a wide composition range, and their properties were investigated. The optimal performance was observed for the cements with (Ca + Mg)/P ratio of 1.67, which are characterized by newberyite phase formation during setting reaction, pH values close to 7, sufficient compressive strength up to 22 ± 3 MPa (for 20 mol.% of Mg), dense microstructure and adequate matrix properties of the surface. This set of features make those materials promising candidates for medical applications.
ABSTRACT
Platelet lysate prepared from donor platelet concentrate and pooled according to a developed technique stimulates migration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of the human adipose tissue and promotes healing of the monolayer defect in cultures of human fibroblasts and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro in concentrations close those of fetal calf serum (5-10%). Lysate of platelets from platelet-rich rat blood plasma stimulated healing of the skin defect by promoting epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. The regenerative properties of platelet lysate in vivo increased with increasing its concentration.
Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/chemistry , Complex Mixtures/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Biological Assay , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Fibroblasts/cytology , Humans , Male , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Platelet-Rich Plasma/chemistry , Primary Cell Culture , Rats , Skin/drug effects , Skin/injuriesABSTRACT
Physical and chemical (phase and chemical composition, dynamics of resorption, and strength properties), and biological (cytological compatibility and scaffold properties of the surface) properties of samples of scleractinium coral skeletons from aquacultures of three types and corresponding samples of natural coral skeletons (Pocillopora verrucosa, Acropora formosa, and Acropora nobilis) were studied. Samples of scleractinium coral aquaculture skeleton of A. nobilis, A. formosa, and P. verrucosa met the requirements (all study parameters) to materials for osteoplasty and 3D-scaffolds for engineering of bone tissue.
Subject(s)
Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Animals , Anthozoa/chemistry , Aquaculture , Calcium Carbonate/chemistry , Tissue Engineering , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
We analyzed and systematized the criteria of biocompatibility of materials intended for reconstruction of bone defects on the basis of previously studied synthetic, natural, and composite biomaterials (carbonate hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate cement, silica, natural corals, freshwater pearls, chitosan/carbonate hydroxyapatite) in the model of subcutaneous implantation to small laboratory animals.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Bone and Bones/abnormalities , Animals , Mice , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Cytocompatibility of 5 coral aquaculture skeleton species derived from two families (Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae) was studied over the course of in vitro culturing in continuous human fibroblast culture by the MMT test. Biocompatibility and capacity of scaffold to "transfer" cell cultures (specifically, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) to sites of implantation were studied in vivo by subcutaneous implantation of skeletal fragments to rats. All coral skeleton aquaculture specimens were cytocompatible (nontoxic and with surface matrix characteristics satisfactory for cells), biocompatible, and could be tried as 3D matrices for bone tissue engineering.
Subject(s)
Anthozoa , Bone Regeneration , Bone Substitutes/toxicity , Tissue Scaffolds , Animals , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Survival , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts/physiology , Humans , Male , Materials Testing , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Prostheses and Implants , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
We compared the composition and biological activity of fetal calf serum and platelet lysate from donor platelet concentrate. In platelet lysate, the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and mineral metabolism parameters were lower, while parameters of lipid and protein metabolism were higher than in fetal calf serum. The concentrations of growth factors (platelet-derived (AA, AB, BB), vascular endothelial, insulin-like, and transforming growth factor ß) in platelet lysate 1.7-148.7-fold surpassed the corresponding parameters in fetal calf serum. After replacement of fetal calf serum with platelet lysate in the culture medium (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%), the count of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells on day 7 (in comparison with day 1) increased by 154.8, 206.6, 228.2, 367.7, and 396.5%, respectively. Thus, platelet lysate can be an adequate non-xenogenic alternative for fetal calf serum.
Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/chemistry , Culture Media/chemistry , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology , Adult , Animals , Cattle , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Extracts/chemistry , Cell Proliferation , Female , Humans , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/chemistry , Male , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/chemistry , Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistryABSTRACT
The dynamics of growth and proliferative activity of the population of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from rat bone marrow was studied during 7 passages. The efficiency of colony formation, the morphology of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, and the possibility of spontaneous and induced differentiation were studied. The rat bone marrow fibroblast-like multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are capable of clonal growth; their proliferative activity and the yield remained high until passage 4, but then decreased. Induction of osteo- or adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells increased the percentage of morphologically modified cells carrying specific markers.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells/cytology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Cell Adhesion , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Osteogenesis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stromal Cells/metabolismABSTRACT
A dynamic immuno-enzymatic assay of CA 125 was carried out in 43 patients (230 tests) with ovarian tumors receiving chemotherapy alone (group 1), surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy (group 2), or neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy (group 3). Mean concentration of CA 125 before treatment was 1,635.0 (362.8 Unit/ml. Direct correlation between number of cases with normal level and that of chemotherapy courses received was established in group 1. After 4-7 courses, the antigen level came back to normal in 80.0%. However, chemotherapy alone failed to bring the marker concentration down below 5.0 Unit/ml, which is believed to promise favorable prognosis. In group 2, CA 125 came back to normal after adjuvant chemotherapy in all patients. The best results in that group were obtained following 3 courses: 5.0 Unit/ml--41.7%, and < 10.0 Unit/ml--75%. Additional 1-3 courses failed to improve the results. Normal concentration was reported after first-line adjuvant chemotherapy in 63.6-75.0% in group 3. The best results after a second course of adjuvant chemotherapy were: > 5.0 Unit/ml--12.5%, and > 10.0 Unit/ml--56.3%.