ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth facilitates the newborn's physiological and psychological adaptation to extrauterine life. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact on infants' body temperature, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and heart rate. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library and Taylor & Francis Online were searched for the period 1 January 2015 to 30 November 2021 for studies published in the English language. The methodological quality of articles was assessed using the modified Jadad scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Effect size calculations were made using the fixed effects and random effects models. FINDINGS: This meta-analysis included 13 studies, with a total of 891 infants. Kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact was effective for maintaining infants' body temperature (p = 0.000). Infants' heart rate decreased (p = 0.015) and oxygen saturation was higher (p = 0.040) following kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact. Kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact did not affect infants' respiratory rate (p = 0.896), but infants' respiratory rate decreased after kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact (p = 0.047). KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact is effective for improving the vital signs of newborns. Kangaroo mother care/skin-to-skin contact is recommended for all neonates, and standardization of this approach would be beneficial.
Subject(s)
Kangaroo-Mother Care Method , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Child , Heart RateABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of playful learning interventions (with toys, visual and auditory sources) on appropriate toothbrushing behaviors and the amount of accumulated plaque in preschool children. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was carried out as a parallel-group, randomized and controlled study during the period October-December 2018, with 100 preschool children. The preschool students were randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. The children in the intervention group were given instructions on how to brush their teeth while the children in the control group were not given any instruction outside of what they had learned in preschool. The playful learning interventions that were carried out consisted of three rounds of meetings designed to educate the children about adopting appropriate toothbrushing behaviors. RESULTS: The study groups were well matched at baseline (p = .537) and the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in toothbrushing (p = .001) and plaque control (p = .001) following the intervention in comparison to the controls. Additionally, while the amount of plaque decreased in the children in the intervention group (p = .001), plaque increased in the control group after the intervention (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that after the playful learning interventions carried out with the preschool children, appropriate toothbrushing behaviors were acquired and there was a decrease in the amount of plaque. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Nurses who work with preschool children could use toys and songs as effective and entertaining nursing interventions for developing correct toothbrushing behaviors.
