ABSTRACT
Background: Traumatic injuries to the orofacial region are common and can be challenging to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The tongue is one of the structures that can be involved; however, the incidence of this injury to the tongue appears rare. Most of the reported work on this topic is on children. Patients and Methods: This is a three-year prospective study of traumatic tongue lacerations managed at the oral and maxillofacial centers of two tertiary hospitals in the southeast of Nigeria. Result: A total of 37 cases with tongue lacerations among 353 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma constituting a prevalence of 10.5%. Their age ranged from 6 months to 57 years with a mean of 18.4 years (standard deviation 17.5). Twenty three (62.2%) are males and 14 (37.8%) females in a ratio of 1.6:1. The duration of injury on presentation ranged from 45 minutes to 96 hours with a mean duration of 26.7 hours. Majority of the laceration occurred in the anterior part of the tongue (24) (64.9%). Thirteen falls (35.1%) and nine motor vehicle accidents (24.3%) were the most common etiology. Thirty six (97.3%) were sutured primarily on presentation while only one (2.7%) was delayed before closure. Anesthesia was achieved with only Local Anesthetic agent in 18 (48.6%) cases, whereas in 13 (35.1%) cases a combination of Local Anesthetic agent and sedation. Conclusion: Tongue lacerations are not very common in the southeast of Nigeria, and management in children may require sedation. Treatment could involve suturing the wound or being left alone to heal.
Subject(s)
Lacerations , Soft Tissue Injuries , Child , Male , Female , Humans , Infant , Lacerations/epidemiology , Lacerations/etiology , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Anesthetics, Local , TongueABSTRACT
Background: Tumors of the minor salivary glands (MSGs) are rare. They constitute a wide range of histologic types despite their low frequency. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of 11 different tumors of MSGs presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu and to compare them with similar studies done elsewhere. Patients and Method: This is a retrospective study of patients with tumors involving the MSGs seen at the OMFS and ORL clinics, UNTH. Information regarding demographic characteristics, duration at first presentation, types of tumors, site and side affected, and treatment given were recorded in patients' medical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23; qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test. Result: One hundred and thirty three cases of various lesions involving the salivary gland were seen within the study period. Fifty three (39.8%) patients met the inclusion criteria and are reported further. Twenty eight (28) cases occurred in males. The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years STD 16.5, while the mean duration of the swellings at presentation was 45.5 months STD 35.4. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the 29 (54.7%) benign histopathologic type seen. The soft palate was the commonest site affected 37 (69.8%). Local excision with wide margin was adequate in treating majority of the swellings 40 (75.5%), while 1 (1.9%) case of recurrence was seen within the study period. Conclusion: Tumors involving the MSGs are uncommon; males are mostly affected in our environment.
Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/epidemiology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery , Adult , Humans , Male , Nigeria/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/epidemiology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Salivary Glands, Minor/pathologyABSTRACT
Our aim was to summarise the clinical characteristics and presentation of ameloblastomas in eastern Nigeria. We organised a retrospective study of 240 patients who presented with ameloblastomas to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery units of five specialist hospitals in the eastern states of Nigeria over an eight-year period (2004-2011). We analysed the casenotes, and categorised the cases by site of tumour, age, sex, and time of presentation. There were 117 men (49%) (mean (SD) age 43 (6.2) years) and 123 women (51%) (mean (SD) age 32 (4.7) years), a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. The largest age group was 20-39 years (n=102, 43%), and the most common site was the anterior mandible (n=140, 58%). Most of the patients presented late. Our results show that the most common site of ameloblastomas in Eastern Nigeria is the anterior mandible and that women are affected more than men, which is at variance with the results of most other studies.
Subject(s)
Ameloblastoma/pathology , Jaw Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Ameloblastoma/surgery , Female , Humans , Jaw Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Mandible , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the yield of clinical and radiological features in the diagnosis of suspected foreign body aspiration in children and to assess factors associated with delayed diagnosis of foreign body aspiration. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of 10 years of experience in tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS: Data were extracted from clinical records of children who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu from 2000 to 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical features and radiological findings were validated against bronchoscopic findings. RESULTS: Data of 103 children, (mean=2.7 years, range=months to 14 years; 64% boys and 36% girls, were analysed. Majority (73%) were under 3 years of age. Foreign body aspiration was proven bronchoscopically in 85 (83%) patients. The most common symptoms were sudden choking crisis (74%) and paroxysms of cough (73%). Independent predictors of proven foreign body aspiration were witnessed aspiration, choking crisis and unilateral decreased breath sounds in univariate (P=0.001, <0.001, and 0.001 respectively) and multivariable analyses (P=0.02, 0.001, and <0.001 respectively). The most sensitive and specific clinical features were choking (86%) and witnessed aspiration episode (89%), respectively. Available chest radiographs revealed radio-opaque objects in 27% of patients. Delayed diagnosis of foreign body aspiration (>72 h) was significantly more in younger children (t=3.29; P=0.001), as well as in children with no history of witnessed aspiration, negative chest examination and radiological signs (P<0.001, P=0.02 and P=0.04 respectively). CONCLUSION: To prevent the delayed diagnosis, witnessed aspiration, choking crisis, unilateral decreased breath sounds and radiopaque objects should be checked in all suspected cases. When history is doubtful, regardless of radiological findings, bronchoscopy can be strongly recommended in the presence of two factors.