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1.
Brain Behav ; 12(8): e2701, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35833635

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article is to determine whether there are differences in the coping strategies of parents of children with disabilities (autism spectrum disorder or other disabilities) and children without disabilities, in reference to the most stressful situation they have experienced with their child in the last year. METHOD: To conduct the study, a purposive sample selection based on case-control characteristics was carried out, in which a total sample of 170 participants was recruited. Participants were assigned, according to their characteristics, to the group of parents of children without disabilities, with ASD or with other disabilities. An ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire and the Coping Responses Inventory for adults were administered. RESULTS: The results obtained indicate that there are differences in the use of coping strategies between parents of children without disabilities and with disabilities but not between the two disability groups. Parents of children with disabilities have significantly higher scores on the four subscales defined as avoidance strategies, and on one subscale identified as an approach strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children with disabilities use avoidance strategies, to a greater extent, during the most stressful situations they have experienced in the last year with their child. In addition, they tend to use avoidance strategies regardless of the type of disability their child has.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Disabled Children , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Child , Humans , Parents
3.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 15(1): 65-73, ene.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171938

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El consumo de alcohol se ha establecido como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del cáncer de forma consistente a lo largo de los años. En los supervivientes al cáncer el consumo de alcohol después del tratamiento alcanza valores significativos y además el alcohol se ha asociado con aspectos relevantes de la supervivencia, como una mayor depresión y una peor calidad de vida. Sin embargo, no hay una gran variedad de intervenciones cuyo objetivo sea reducir el consumo de alcohol en este grupo de pacientes. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sobre el consumo de alcohol en los pacientes y supervivientes al cáncer y las intervenciones psicológicas disponibles para reducir el consumo, en los últimos 10 años, del año 2007 al 2017. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) y PsycInfo. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: alcohol, cancer patients, survivors, psychological treatment. Resultados: no se observan intervenciones psicológicas diseñadas específicamente para reducir el consumo de alcohol en los supervivientes al cáncer en la literatura previa. La mayoría tienen como objetivo el aumento de las conductas de salud utilizando intervenciones de tipo psicosocial o proporcionando información sobre el alcohol. Solamente una intervención mostró resultados significativos para reducir el consumo de alcohol, en una intervención diseñada para reducir el peso en supervivientes al cáncer de mama. Conclusiones: la relevancia del consumo de alcohol en este grupo de pacientes sugiere la necesidad de que se desarrollen una mayor variedad de intervenciones psicológicas que tengan como objetivo específico la reducción del consumo de alcohol en los pacientes que han superado la enfermedad (AU)


Objective: Alcohol consumption has been established as a risk factor for cancer development consistently over the years. In cancer survivors alcohol consumption after treatment achieves significant values, and furthermore alcohol has been associated with relevant aspects of survival, such as a high depression and a lower quality of life. There is no a great variety of interventions, however, whose objective be reduce alcohol consumption in this group of patients. Method: A review of the alcohol consumption in cancer patients and survivors and the available psychological interventions to reduce consumption in the last 10 years were carried out, from 2007 to 2017. The consulted databases were PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and PsycInfo. The following descriptors were used: alcohol, cancer patients, survivors, psychological treatment. Results: Psychological interventions specifically designed to reduce alcohol consumption in cancer survivors are not observed in previous literature. Most of them focused in enhance health behaviors using psychosocial interventions or information about alcohol. Only one intervention showed significant results to reduce alcohol consumption in an intervention designed to reduce weight in breast cancer survivors. Conclusions: the relevance of alcohol consumption in this patients group suggest the need of develop a greater variability of psychological interventions that aim to control alcohol consumption in patients who have overcome the disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Neoplasms/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Survivors/psychology , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Survivors/statistics & numerical data , Disease Prevention
7.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 12(2/3): 293-301, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-147285

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEP) aparece con frecuencia en los supervivientes al cáncer, pero no todos los supervivientes cumplen con los criterios propuestos por el DSM-V para ser diagnosticados. Esta situación puede provocar la subestimación del problema y además, en este grupo de pacientes el TEP se relaciona con diferentes aspectos del bienestar psicológico, como la depresión, la ansiedad o la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, solo hay unas pocas intervenciones psicológicas diseñadas para reducir estos síntomas en los supervivientes al cáncer. Método: Se realizó una revisión de los tratamientos psicológicos disponibles para el TEP en los supervivientes al cáncer en los últimos 10 años. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) y PsycInfo con los siguientes descriptores: PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), treatment cancer survivors y PTSS (posttraumatic stress symptoms) treatment cancer survivors. Resultados: Las intervenciones psicológicas con una mayor evidencia son: la terapia de tipo cognitivo-conductual y el mindfulness, por delante del entrenamiento en el manejo del estrés, la terapia neuro-emocional, el entrenamiento en habilidades de afrontamiento y el counseling. Conclusiones: A pesar de la relevancia del TEP en este grupo de pacientes, las intervenciones psicológicas necesitan de una mayor evidencia para establecer su eficacia para reducir estos síntomas en los supervivientes


Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appears frequently in cancer survivors, but not all survivors meet the criteria proposed by the DSM-V to be diagnosed with PTSD. This situation may lead an underestimation of the problem and furthermore, in this patient group, PTSD is related with different aspects of psychological well-being, such as depression, anxiety or quality of life, However, there are only a few psychological interventions designed to reduce these symptoms in cancer survivors. Method: A review of the psychological treatments available for PTSD in cancer survivors in the last 10 years was performed. The data bases used were PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and PsycInfo with the following descriptors: PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) treatment cancer survivors y PTSS (posttraumatic stress symptoms) treatment cancer survivors. Results: The psychological interventions with more evidence are: cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness, ahead other strategies such as stress management training, neuro-emotional therapy, coping skills training and counseling. Conclusions: Despite the relevance of PTSD in this patients group, psychological interventions needs more evidence to establish their efficacy to reduce these symptoms in survivors


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Stress, Psychological/therapy , Neoplasms/psychology , Psychotherapy/methods , Survivorship/psychology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
8.
Pap. psicol ; 36(3): 182-188, sept.-dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-144816

ABSTRACT

El cáncer sigue siendo un grave problema de salud en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, debido a la eficacia de los tratamientos y a la mejora de los sistemas de sanidad el número de supervivientes al cáncer ha aumentado significativamente a lo largo de los años. La fatiga es una de las consecuencias del cáncer que aparecen con una mayor frecuencia causando importantes alteraciones en la vida de los supervivientes. Diferentes tratamientos psicológicos han sido utilizados para reducir la fatiga en este grupo de pacientes. Las terapias de tipo cognitivo-conductual y el mindfulness son las que aportan mayores datos que avalan su eficacia, por delante de las intervenciones de tipo psico-educativo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios se han llevado a cabo con supervivientes al cáncer de mama, por lo que sería deseable probar la eficacia de estas técnicas en una mayor variedad de tipos de cáncer


Cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Due to the efficacy of the treatments and the improvements in health systems, however, the number of cancer survivors has increased significantly over the years. Fatigue is one of the cancer consequences that appear more frequently causing significant changes in survivors lives. Different psychological treatments has been used to reduce fatigue in this patient group. Cognitive -behavioral techniques and mindfulness are those that provide higher data supporting its effectiveness, ahead of psycho-educational interventions. Most studies, however, have been conducted with breast cancer survivors, and it would be desirable test the effectiveness of these techniques in a greater variability of cancer types


Subject(s)
Humans , Neoplasms/complications , Fatigue/therapy , Psychotherapy/methods , Survivors/psychology
9.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(3): 387-402, oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-141831

ABSTRACT

No disponible


This study sought to determine the effect of two conditional discrimination procedures involving contextual vs complex stimuli, on two types of learning transfer. For this purpose, three experiments were carried out. The first experiment used a contextual control procedure and the second a complex control procedure. The third experiment compared the two procedures using an inter-group design. The first two experiments aimed to determine the effect of the teaching procedure used on the transfer of learning to new stimulus relations (first type of transfer). The third experiment sought to determine the effect of teaching conditional discriminations using wither contextual or complex stimuli on the other discrimination (second type of transfer). In the first experiment, four out of six subjects displayed transfer of learning to new stimulus relations; in the second, only two subjects displayed that transfer. In the third experiment, statistically-significant differences were recorded for the dependent variable: successful attempts in the test using contextual stimuli. The teaching of tasks using contextual stimuli appears to favour the transfer of learning to conditional discriminations involving complex stimuli; the reverse, however, is not true to the same extent. These findings may be useful for the teaching of complex discriminations to intellectually-disabled or autistic children (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Discrimination, Psychological , Learning/physiology , Psychology, Experimental/methods , Psychology, Experimental/standards , Psychology, Experimental/trends , Students/psychology , Psychology, Experimental/education , Psychology, Experimental/instrumentation , Psychology, Experimental/organization & administration , Psychology, Experimental/statistics & numerical data
10.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 12(1): 59-66, jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138195

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta de ansiedad en tres sistemas (cognitiva, fisiológica y motora) en tres grupos de supervivientes al cáncer de mama y un grupo control para encontrar diferencias entre los grupos en los sistemas de ansiedad. Método: 25 supervivientes al cáncer de mama fueron distribuidas en tres grupos según el tiempo desde que finalizaron el tratamiento (< de 5 años; > de 5 y < 10 años; > de 10 años) y se incluyó un grupo control de 10 participantes de la población general sin historia de cáncer. Todas las participantes en el estudio completaron el Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (ISRA). Resultados: Los tres grupos de supervivientes obtuvieron valores más elevados que el grupo control en los tres sistemas de ansiedad sin llegar a ser significativos. En conjunto los resultados muestran valores elevados en ansiedad fisiológica y motora en los dos grupos más cercanos al final del tratamiento (< de 5 años; > de 5 y < 10 años). Además se observó que las puntuaciones en ansiedad cognitiva y motora aumentan en el segundo grupo comparado con el primero, disminuyendo posteriormente hasta obtener valores similares a los obtenidos por la población general. Conclusiones: En general las supervivientes al cáncer de mama muestran una buena adaptación psicológica en términos de ansiedad, aunque los datos indican que es necesario tener en cuenta el tipo de ansiedad que puede estar más afectado en cada momento temporal


Objective: Evaluate anxiety response in three systems (cognitive, physiological and motor) in three breast cancer survivors groups and a control group, to find differences between the groups in the anxiety systems. Method: 25 breast cancer survivors were distributed into three groups according the time from the end of the treatment (< than 5 years; > than 5 and < 10 years; > than 10 years) and a control group of 10 participants from the general population without a cancer history were included. All study participants completed the Inventory of Anxiety Situations and Responses (ISRA). Results: The three survivors groups obtained higher scores than the control group in the three anxiety systems, but not significant. Taken together the results shows high scores in physiologic and motor anxiety in the two groups closer to the end of the treatment (< than 5 years; > than 5 and < 10 years). Furthermore, it was observed that cognitive and motor anxiety systems values increases in the second group compared with the first, subsequently decreasing to obtain similar values with the general population. Conclusions: In general breast cancer survivors shows a good psychological adjustment in terms of anxiety, although the data point out that is necessary taken into account the type of anxiety that may be more affected in each temporal time


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Survivors/psychology , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Time Factors , Anxiety/psychology , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile
11.
Psicol. conduct ; 23(1): 5-24, ene.-abr. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139093

ABSTRACT

El entrenamiento en habilidades sociales representa un conjunto de procedimientos de intervención que implica la utilización de principios y técnicas de modificación de conducta para la adquisición de experiencias básicas de aprendizaje. Su objetivo principal es facilitar el desarrollo de un repertorio de comportamientos dirigidos a permitir a una persona vivir de forma independiente y ha sido aplicado en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia y de otros trastornos mentales graves. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión de la eficacia de este tipo de intervenciones mediante el estudio de los metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, analizando los avances más recientes, sus ventajas y limitaciones. Como parte del tratamiento psicosocial y multidimensional de la esquizofrenia debatimos sobre la elección y los tipos de entrenamiento que mejores resultados han obtenido y sobre otros que están aportando importantes adaptaciones o aplicaciones de estas habilidades a diferentes ámbitos de la vida diaria


Social skills training involves a set of interventional procedures including behavior modification principles and techniques that lead to the acquisition of basic learning experiences. Its main objective is to facilitate the development of a code of conduct aimed at enabling people to live independently; it has been applied in the treatment of schizophrenia and other serious mental disorders. We review the efficacy of such interventions following meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials, and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of recent developments. We discuss the types of training that have achieved the best results and those contributing to their application and/or adaptation to different areas of daily life as part of the multidimensional and psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/therapy , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/trends , Social Skills , Treatment Outcome , Interpersonal Relations , Social Adjustment , Family , Leisure Activities , Work , Information Storage and Retrieval
15.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(1): 97-112, mar. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119243

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the transfer of learning to novel discriminations, two conditional (C-A y D-A), four simple (C-RD, D-RC, X1-RB, X2-RB) and one conditional with compound stimuli ((AB)-X). Ten adult subjects participated in the experiment. The training procedure included compound stimuli (visual and auditory) and verbal responses. Participants learned the following stimuli relations: (A1B1)-RC1, (A1B2)-RD1, (A2B1)-RC2, (A2B2)-RD2. In final evaluation, five participants responded correctly to seven discriminations, one participant responded correctly to six, three participants showed accurate responding to five and one to four of the discriminations. The procedure used proved effective in producing transfer of learning to novel discriminations. Results showed statistically significant differences between initial and final evaluations for all the dependent variables. The study shows the transfer of learning to four intraverbals in a research that included compound stimuli (AU)


El propósito de este estudio es proporcionar evidencias de la transferencia del aprendizaje a nuevas discriminaciones, dos condicionales (C-A y D-A), cuatro simples (C-RD, D-RC, X1-RB, X2-RB) y una condicional con estímulos compuestos ((AB)-X). Diez adultos participaron en el experimento. El procedimiento incluyó discriminaciones simples con estímulos compuestos (visuales y auditivos) y respuestas verbales. Los participantes aprendieron las siguientes relaciones de estímulos: (A1B1)-RC1, (A1B2)-RD1, (A2B1)-RC2, (A2B2)-RD2. En evaluación final, cinco participantes respondieron correctamente a las siete discriminaciones, uno respondió correctamente a seis, tres mostraron las respuestas precisas en cinco, y uno en cuatro. El procedimiento utilizado resultó eficaz en la producción de la transferencia del aprendizaje a las nuevas discriminaciones. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las evaluaciones inicial y final, para todas las variables dependientes. El estudio muestra la transferencia del aprendizaje a cuatro intraverbales en un experimento que incluye estímulos compuestos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Discrimination Learning , Discrimination, Psychological , Transfer, Psychology , Generalization, Stimulus , Psychological Techniques
16.
Psicothema ; 19(3): 435-9, 2007 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17617982

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to teach the discrimination of "equal" and "different" in numbers. The experiment was carried out a seven-year-old child with intellectual disability. The problem was analysed from the contextual control perspective. The learning procedure consisted of explicitly teaching a second-order conditional discrimination, and transfer to a novel second-order conditional discrimination was tested. In this study, the boy learned that, in presence of X1 (equal), he had to select the comparison B1 (the number one), given the sample A1 (the word one) and B2 (the number two), given A2 (the word two). He also he learned that, in the presence of X2 (different), he had to select the comparison B2 (the number two), given the sample A1 (the word one) and B1 (the number one), given A2 (the word two). We subsequently presented the contextual stimuli with two new numbers: three and four. The results showed the occurrence of learning transfer without explicit training in the new numbers.


Subject(s)
Intellectual Disability , Mathematics , Teaching , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Reinforcement, Psychology , Transfer, Psychology
17.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 19(3): 435-439, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68686

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue la enseñanza de la discriminación <> y <> en números. Se describe un experimento efectuado con un niño de siete años con discapacidad intelectual. El problema fue analizado desde la perspectiva del control contextual. El procedimiento de aprendizaje consistió en la enseñanza explícita de una discriminación condicional de segundo orden y se probó (test) la transferencia del aprendizaje a una nueva discriminación condicional de segundo orden. En el estudio el niño aprendió que en presencia de X1 (igual) debía seleccionar la comparación B1 (el número uno) dada la muestra A1 (la palabra uno) y B2 (el número dos) dada A2 (la palabra dos); también aprendió que con X2 (diferente) debía seleccionar la comparación B2 (el número dos) dada la muestra A1 (la palabra uno) y B1 (el número uno) dada A2 (la palabra dos). Después, nosotros presentamos los estímulos contextuales con dos nuevos números: tres y cuatro. Los resultados demostraron la ocurrencia de la transferencia del aprendizaje sin entrenamiento explícito para los nuevos números


The aim of this work was to teach the discrimination of <> and <> in numbers. The experiment was carried out a seven-year-old child with intellectual disability. The problem was analysed from the contextual control perspective. The learning procedure consisted of explicitly teaching a second-order conditional discrimination, and transfer to a novel second-order conditional discrimination was tested. In this study, the boy learned that, in presence of X1 (equal), he had to select the comparison B1 (the number one), given the sample A1 (the word one) and B2 (the number two), given A2 (the word two). He also he learned that, in the presence of X2 (different), he had to select the comparison B2 (the number two), given the sample A1 (the word one) and B1 (the number one), given A2 (the word two). We subsequently presented the contextual stimuli with two new numbers: three and four. The results showed the occurrence of learning transfer without explicit training in the new numbers


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Association Learning , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Teaching/methods , Transference, Psychology , Discrimination, Psychological
18.
Psicol. conduct ; 14(1): 7-17, ene.-abr. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70471

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación aborda el estudio del burnout en profesiones asistenciales que trabajan directamente con personas. Seleccionamos de forma aleatoria 100 profesoras de centros públicos de educación secundaria y 100 auxiliares de ayuda a domicilio de la red de servicios sociales comunitarios. Administramos el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI) y realizamos la comparación entre ambos grupos según las puntuaciones obtenidas. Los resultados indican que las puntuaciones globales de burnout no difieren de forma significativa pero sin embargo si existen diferencias en los distintos factores que componen el burnout que quizás puedan ser explicados por el tipo de trabajo desarrollado por cada uno de los grupos profesionales. También destaca como resultado la conveniencia de utilizar como medida de burnout los tres factores del MBI mejor que las puntuaciones globales


The aim of this piece of research is to study the burnout level in welfare professions that have a direct contact with people. We randomly selected 100 teachers from secondary state schools and 100 home help workers from the network of social community services. We administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and compared the two groups based on the scores obtained. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between the global burnout scores. However, there are differences in the various factors of the burnout, which might be explained by the kind of work undertaken by each professional group. It also casts light on the convenience of using the three factors of the MBI as a measure of burnout rather than the global punctuations


Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Faculty , Home Health Aides/psychology , Risk Factors
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