Clinical, Radiographic Peri-Implant Parameters and Patient Satisfaction with Splinted and Non-splinted Short Dental Implants in the Maxillary Premolar-Molar Region: A Long-Term Retrospective Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to assess the peri-implant condition, peri-implant bone loss (PBL), and complication rates of short dental implant-supported splinted crowns (SDI-SCs) and non-splinted crowns (SDI-NSCs) in the maxillary premolar-molar region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who had short implants placed near their maxillary sinuses were evaluated. Both patient satisfaction and presence of any technical complication, e.g. porcelain wear and chipping, loss of retention and loosening of the abutment, fixture or screw, were noted. The peri-implant plaque index (PIPI), probing depth (PIPD), bleeding on probing (PIBP), and peri-implant bone loss (PBL) were evaluated. To assess the impact of prosthesis type and SDI placement on technical problems, a log-rank test was computed. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients agreed to be followed-up, showing a mean follow-up time of 3.1 years. Ninty-five implants in total (55 SDI-SCs, and 40 SDI-NSCs) with moderately rough surfaces were evaluated. The average PBL score for implant and patients was 1.27 (0.02-3.97) and 1.25 (0.03-4.41), respectively. More technical complications were observed with single crowns than with splinted crowns. There were no statistically significant differences in the peri-implant parameters between SDI-SCs and SDI-NSCs (p > 0.05). PBL at molar sites was substantially higher than at premolar sites (p = 0.048). Sixty patients (83.3%) were satisfied with the appearance of the crowns, while 57 patients (79.1%) were satisfied with the crowns' performance. CONCLUSION: The peri-implant conditions, bone levels, technical complication rates and patient satisfaction were comparable between the SDI-SCs and SDI-NSCs. However, implants placed in the molar sites had statistically significantly greater bone loss in comparison to those at the premolar sites.

Anti-fungal efficacy of Miswak Extract (Salvadora Persica) and commercial cleaner against Candida albicans on heat cured polymethylmethacrylate denture base.

AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the antifungal efficacy between commercial cleaner (Corega) and Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) against Candida albicans on heat cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight samples of heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin were fabircated in the study. The sterile acrylic resin specimens were immersed in standardized cell suspension of Candida albicans and incubated for 60 min at 370°C for cell adhesion and 2 h at 370°C for biofilm formation. After 24 h biofilm was evaluated by cell viability (CFUs) on SDA and cell counting of Candida albicans under light microscope at 400× magnification. The fungicidal effect of commercial cleaner and Miswak extract on Candida albicans biofilm was then evaluated by colony-forming units on SDA and cell counting under light microscope at 400× magnification. RESULTS: Screening test agar disk-diffusion assay showed mean inhibitory zone of 3 mm for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract, which showed mean inhibitory zone of 2 and 1 mm for different concentrations. Broth microdilution method showed 31 mg/ml MIC and 62.5 mg/ml Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract that showed 125 mg/ml MIC and 250 mg/ml MFC values against Candida albicans. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between pre and post treatment of both commercial cleaner and Miswak extract, for CFUs and cell count for Candida albicans. CONCLUSION: Commercial denture cleaner (Corega) showed better antifungal (C albicans) activity than Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) on heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin.

Influence of carbon and graphene oxide nanoparticle on the adhesive properties of dentin bonding polymer: A SEM, EDX, FTIR study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at including 2.5 wt.% of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and graphene oxide NPs (GNPs) in a control adhesive (CA) and then investigate the effect of this inclusion on their mechanical properties and its adhesion to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping were conducted to investigate the structural features and elemental distribution of CNPs and GNPs, respectively. These NPs were further characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The adhesives were characterized by evaluating their push-out bond strength (PBS), rheological properties, degree of conversion (DC) investigation, and failure type analysis. RESULTS: The SEM micrographs revealed that the CNPs were irregular and hexagonal, whereas the GNPs were flake-shaped. EDX analysis showed that carbon (C), oxygen (O), and zirconia (Zr) were found in the CNPs, while the GNPs were composed of C and O. The Raman spectra for CNPs and GNPs revealed their characteristic bands (CNPs-D band: 1334 cm-1, GNPs-D band: 1341 cm-1, CNPs-G band: 1650 cm-1, and GNPs-G band: 1607 cm-1). The testing verified that the highest bond strength to root dentin were detected for GNP-reinforced adhesive (33.20 ± 3.55 MPa), trailed closely by CNP-reinforced adhesive (30.48 ± 3.10 MPa), while, the CA displayed lowest values (25.11 ± 3.60 MPa). The inter-group comparisons of the NP-reinforced adhesives with the CA revealed statistically significant results (p < 0.01). Failures of adhesive nature were most common in within the adhesives and root dentin. The rheological assessment results demonstrated a reduced viscosity for all the adhesives observed at advanced angular frequencies. All the adhesives verified suitable dentin interaction shown by hybrid layer and appropriate resin tag development. A reduced DC was perceived for both NP-reinforced adhesives, compared to the CA. CONCLUSION: The present study's findings have demonstrated that 2.5% GNP adhesive revealed the highest, suitable root dentin interaction, and acceptable rheological properties. Nevertheless, a reduced DC was observed (matched with the CA). Prospective studies probing the influence of diverse concentrations of filler NPs on the adhesive's mechanical properties to root dentin are recommended.

Influence of contemporary photoactivated disinfection on the mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of PMMA denture base: A systematic review and meta analysis.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of the contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dentures bases. METHODS: THE FOCUSED RESEARCH QUESTION WAS: "What is the effect of contemporary photoactivated disinfection methods as compared to conventional disinfection protocols on the mechanical features and/or antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases?". An electronic literature search was carried out by the author and a senior librarian specialized in health sciences on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. In vitro investigations evaluating the antimicrobial and/or mechanical effects of photoactivated disinfectants as compared to conventional chemical disinfectants on the microbes formed on PMMA denture bases were included. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Four out of eight studies concluded that photoactivated disinfectants, including riboflavin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), hematoporphyrin-mediated PDT, poly-l-glycolic acid loaded with methylene blue, Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and chitosan-mediated PDT, demonstrated a significant reduction in colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of exposed viable colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) comparable to the conventionally used chemical disinfectants of PMMA denture bases. Contrarily, two studies concluded that the PMMA denture base colonized with C. albicans and disinfected with conventional chemical disinfectants showed the greatest anti-fungal efficaciousness. All the included studies concluded that the application of photoactivated disinfectants does not negatively impact the mechanical features of the PMMA denture bases colonized with microbes including E. coli, S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant reduction in C. albicans counts (CFU/mL [Log10]) (p < 0.00001) and improvement in the flexural strength (p = 0.0002) of PMMA-based denture base after the application of conventional disinfectants, while a statistically significant improvement in the fracture strength of PMMA-based denture base was observed after the application of photoactivated disinfectants (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: According to the systematic review (qualitative synthesis), photoactivated disinfectants demonstrated comparable mechanical features and antimicrobial activity of PMMA dentures bases to conventional chemical disinfectants suggesting their potential to be utilized as an alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants. However, the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis) revealed that the application of conventional disinfectants demonstrated better outcomes related to antimicrobial activity and flexural strength of PMMA-based denture based.

Influence of contemporary ceramo-metallic crown decontamination on the surface roughness, color stability, and disinfection. An in vitro analysis.

AIM: To assess the antimicrobial effects, surface roughness (Ra), and color change (ΔE) of Morinda Citrofolia, Sapindus Mukorossi, Indocyanine green photosensitizer, and 2% NaOCl on metal ceramic crown colonized with C. Albicans, S aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An aggregate of 40 (n = 10 each) Ni/Cr metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated and inoculated with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of varied microbial colonies colonized by C. Albicans, S aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli. After inoculation, specimens were exposed to four different types of disinfection methods i.e. group 1: MC, group 2: SM, group 3:ICGP, and group 4 2% NaOCl respectively to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy, Ra, and color change. Later, the microbial assay was performed and expressed as CFU/ml (log 10). Ra was assessed using a surface analyzer and color change ΔE was evaluated using a spectrophotometer Statistical analysis was performed by using two-way ANOVA and Post HocTukey's test maintaining a significance level of p less than 0.05. RESULTS: The highest antimicrobial efficacy for metallic-ceramic crown decontamination against all inspected microbial colonies was unveiled by group 1: MC, whereas the lowest disinfection efficacy was revealed by group 4 sterilized with 2% NaOCl (control). Metallic ceramic crown decontamination with MC and SM substantiated equivalent antimicrobial efficacy in plummeting CFU/mL (log10) of C.Albicans, S aureus, S.mutans, and E. coli (p>0.05). However, ICGP as a crown disinfectant validated antimicrobial efficacy significantly less compared to MC and SM (p<0.05). Ra was assessed post-disinfection with no changes observed (p>0.05) among all groups. Similarly, ΔE was significantly higher in crowns disinfected with ICGP (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: Metallic ceramic crown decontamination using herbal disinfectants Morinda Citrofolia and Sapindus Mukorossi exhibited favorable antimicrobial efficacies against microbial colonies of C. albicans, S aureus, S.mutans, and E. coli with no changes in surface roughness and color.

Influence of Conventional Polymer, Hybrid Polymer and Zinc Phosphate Luting Agents on the Bond Strength of Customized Zirconia Post in Premolars-An In-Vitro Evaluation.

The aim was to identify the influence of conventional polymeric resin based cement (RC), hybrid polymer modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) and Zinc phosphate cement (ZPC) on the pull out strength of the customized zirconia post in premolars. Access cavity and root canals were performed in sixty premolar teeth with the standardized crown down technique (ProTaper Universal, Dentsply). Post space impressions were scanned, and the pre-sintered Zenostar Zr Translucent blanks (Weiland Dental, Pforzheim) were milled with the Opera-system to form the post. All prepared specimens were divided equally in three groups based on the cement type employed for luting as follows: group A: ZPC; group B (GC Fuji PLUS Capsule): RMGIC; group C (and RC (3M RelyX ARC). Ten specimens in each group were thermocycled (TC) at 5 and 55 °C in distilled water baths (40,000 cycles). Pull out bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. The means and standard deviations were compared using ANOVA and Tukey Kramer multiple comparisons tests. A significant difference among the cement groups as well as between TC and non-thermocycled (NTC) groups (p < 0.05) was observed. The highest tensile stress was demonstrated among group C (Resin, 69.89 ± 4.81 (NTC), 64.06 ± 4.36 (TC)) with the least in group A, (zinc phosphate, 43.66 ± 5.02 (NTC), 37.70 ± 5.10 (TC)) for both groups. Group A presented with 100% adhesive bond failures, followed by 80% in group C and 70% in group B, respectively. A similar outcome was observed in the TC group for the cement; however, unlike the NTC group, the TC group showed more cohesive failures compared to the NTC mixed failure. Dual cure polymer based cement demonstrated higher bond strength and efficient adhesive bonding of the customized Zr post with root dentine compared to zinc phosphate (non-polymeric) and RMGIC (hybrid polymer). Thermocycling compromised Zr post adhesive bonding to root dentin.

Soft Denture liner and microbial disinfection with contemporary and conventional agents.

AIM: The present study aimed to assess the effect of PDT, herbal and chemical disinfectants on the dental pathogen adherence to soft denture liner colonized with E. coli, C. Albicans, S.aureus, and S. mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 20 samples of soft-lined removable acrylic complete dentures were fabricated and subjected to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for the inoculation of E.coli, C.albicans, S.mutans and S.aureus in an in-vitro setup. The samples were then randomly divided into four groups and immersed in group 1: 5 µm of Rose Bengal (RB), group 2: Neem extract, group 3: Tea tree oil (TTO), and group 4: 0.12% CHX solutions respectively. Statistical analysis was accomplished by the SPSS 10 statistical software for Windows at a significance level p< 0.05. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test were used to analyze the data and compare the means and standard deviation values of CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans. RESULTS: Intragroup comparison indicated E.coli and C.albicans did not unveil a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when SDL irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 2.62±0.68 CFU/mL and S.mutans: 3.41±0.13 CFU/mL plunged significantly (p<0.05). Likewise, S. aureus and S. mutans CFU/mL (log10) strain values display reduction when treated with all four disinfectants while the count of C.albicans unveiled a significant plunge with CHX, TTO and neem extract except RB (p<0.05) CONCLUSION: 0.12% CHX and TTO have enhanced antimicrobial efficacy in reducing adhered bacterial colonies of E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans (CFU)/mL on a denture soft liner.

Application of ß-Tricalcium Phosphate in Adhesive Dentin Bonding.

The study aimed at synthesizing ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) nanoparticles and comparing the mechanical properties and dentin interaction of two adhesives: experimental adhesive (EA) and EA with 5 wt.% ß-TCP nanoparticles (ß-TCP-5%). These filler nanoparticles were synthesized and then characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The ß-TCP nanoparticles were incorporated in the adhesives to form two groups: gp-1: EA (control) and gp-2: ß-TCP-5%. These adhesives were characterized by SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and were also assessed for their micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) with (TC) and without thermocycling (NTC). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of two adhesives. The ß-TCP filler was seen as irregularly shaped agglomerates on SEM. The micro-Raman spectra revealed characteristic peaks associated with ß-TCP nanoparticles. Both adhesives presented suitable dentin interaction, which was demonstrated by the formation of resin tags of variable depths. The EDX analysis verified the existence of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) for the ß-TCP-5% group. The greatest µTBS values were shown by ß-TCP-5% group samples when they were non-thermocycled (NTC) (ß-TCP-5%-NTC: 34.11 ± 3.46) followed by the thermocycled (TC) samples of the same group (ß-TCP-5%-TC: 30.38 ± 3.66), compared with the EA group. Although the DC presented by ß-TCP-5% group was comparable to the EA group, it was still lower. The addition of ß-TCP nanoparticles in the adhesive improved its µTBS and resulted in a suitable dentin interaction, seen in the form of hybrid layer and resin tag formation. Nonetheless, a decreased DC was observed for the ß-TCP-5% adhesive. Future studies probing the effect of different filler concentrations on various properties of the adhesive are warranted.

Efficacy of porphyrin derivative, Chlorhexidine and PDT in the surface disinfection and roughness of Cobalt chromium alloy removable partial dentures.

AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cleansers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on disinfection of Co/Cr removable partial denture colonized with C. albicans, S.aureus and S.mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five Co/Cr removable partial dentures were constructed. and inoculated by American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) of Candida albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans in an in-vitro setup. Co/Cr removable partial dentures were randomly allocated into five groups and framework was immersed in 15 mL of contaminated culture medium broth. Based on the cleansing method, disinfected dentures in group 1 were cleansed with porphyrin derivative; group 2 was exposed to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate; samples in group 3 and group 4 were subjected to sodium perborate enzyme and citric acid respectively. Through a surface analyzer, the surface roughness of Co/Cr and methacrylate resin was measured in 3 different zones in micrometers before and after disinfection. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to analyze the data. Levene test was used to assess the normal distribution of data. Significance level p< 0.05 RESULTS: The results of metal roughness displayed that Co/Cr used as an alloy did not exhibit significant difference when exposed to different chemical disinfectants and photosensitizer (p > 0.05). Similarly, surface roughness (Ra) of heat polymerized acrylic resin using cleansers and PDT demonstrated no significant difference. Intergroup comparison showed that, hematoporphyrin derivative displayed comparable cleansing property against S. aureus, C.albicans, and S. mutans compared to to 0.12% CHX digluconate (p>0.05). The intragroup comparison showed hematoporphyrin derivative and CHX were equally effective against all bacteria (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: CHX digluconate and hematoporphyrin derivative demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, S.mutans, and C.albicans with minimum Ra of an acrylic denture and Co/Cr metallic framework.

Influence of Dental Glass Fibers and Orthopedic Mesh on the Failure Loads of Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture loads of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) complete denture bases reinforced with glass-fiber mesh and orthopedic casting tape (OCT) in comparison to conventional PMMA dentures under artificial aging. Dental fiberglass framework (Group 1) and OCT (Group 2 and 3) reinforced PMMA acrylic dentures were fabricated on the edentulous ridge. Ten PMMA dentures without reinforcement (Group 4) were included as controls. All specimens were placed in a chewing simulator chamber, and fatigue load was applied. To assess the fracture loads, static loads with a universal testing machine were applied. Fractured specimens in each group were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed employing analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test. The association of denture weight and thickness on fracture load was assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlations. Dental fiberglass (Group 1) displayed the highest fracture load (692.33 ± 751.41 N), and Group 4 (control) exhibited the lowest fracture loads (281.41 ± 302.51 N). Dentures reinforced with fiberglass mesh framework exhibited intact fractures. In contrast, Group 2 and 3 specimens using OCT demonstrated ditching fractures. It was observed that the thickness and weight of all the reinforced specimens influenced the load required to fracture the dentures (p < 0.001). Denture specimens strengthened with OCT (Groups 2 and 3) exhibited failure loads lower than dental fiberglass (Group 1) specimens but higher than unreinforced controls.

Assessment of Bond Integrity, Durability, and Degree of Conversion of a Calcium Fluoride Reinforced Dentin Adhesive.

Our study aimed to synthesize and compare the mechanical properties and dentin interaction of two adhesives; experimental adhesive (EA) and EA containing 5 wt.% calcium fluoride (CaF2) nano-crystals (CaF2 adhesive-CAFA). CaF2 nano-crystals were synthesized by reacting two solutions (containing calcium and fluoride) in a glass chamber using a heated air system. The EA was produced using a mix of monomers, photo-initiators, camphorquinone, and electron initiators. The synthesized CaF2 nano-crystals were centrifuged to guarantee that inside the adhesive there is homogenized dispersion of the filler particles. Their integration in the EA yielded two groups; Gp-1: EA (without CaF2, control) and Gp-2: (5 wt.% CaF2 containing adhesive, CAFA). Sixty teeth were prepared and set to form bonded specimens using the two adhesives. The CaF2 nano-crystals were irregularly shaped with an average particle size of 30-200 nm. The highest µTBS values were obtained for CAFA-non-thermocycled (NTC) samples (32.63 ± 3.15), followed by EA-NTC (31.80 ± 3.75) specimens. On thermocycling (TC), both adhesive groups presented lower µTBS values (CAFA-TC: 29.47 ± 3.33 and EA-TC: 24.04 ± 3.69). Hybrid layer (HL) formation and resin tags of varying depths were perceived for both adhesive groups. The EDX analysis demonstrated the presence of carbon (C), silica (Si), calcium (Ca), and fluoride (F) for CAFA group. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct peaks for CaF2 nano-crystals. The CAFA group presented the greatest DC. The addition of CaF2 nano-crystals in the adhesive caused improved bond µTBS and DC. The incorporation also demonstrated suitable dentin interaction, depicted by appropriate HL and resin tag development.

Clinical, radiographic and restorative parameters for short tuberosity implants placed in smokers: a retrospective study with 5 year follow-up.

This study aimed to estimate and compare the clinical, radiographic, and restorative parameters around short tuberosity implants (STIs) placed in cigarette smokers (CS) and never smokers (NS). In this 60-month follow-up retrospective study, a total of 50 (37 males + 13 females) individuals who had received 82 dental implants were included. These participants were categorized into two groups as follows: (i) Group-1: 25 self-reported systemically healthy CS with 43 STIs; and (ii) Group-2: 25 self-reported systemically healthy NS with 39 STIs. In both groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and crestal bone loss (CBL) and restorative parameters were measured at 12 and 60 months of follow-up. Group comparisons were performed utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. In CS and NS, the mean age of participants was 58.5 and 60.7 years, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the overall mean levels of PD and CBL around STIs among CS and NS. However, a statistically significant increase was observed in the mean scores of BOP and PI around STIs in the NS and CS at 12 and 60 months follow-up, respectively. In both groups, the loosening of the implant was the most frequently encountered type of STI failure. The outcomes of the present study suggest that STIs placed in maxillary tuberosity can show reliable clinical, radiographic, and restorative stability among cigarettes smokers and non-smokers. However, the role of smoking status and oral hygiene cannot be disregarded in this scenario.

Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Inorganic Fillers in Enhancing Properties of Dentin Adhesives-A Review.

Dentin adhesives (DAs) play a critical role in the clinical success of dental resin composite (DRC) restorations. A strong bond between the adhesive and dentin improves the longevity of the restoration, but it is strongly dependent on the various properties of DAs. The current review was aimed at summarizing the information present in the literature regarding the improvement of the properties of DAs noticed after the addition of bioactive inorganic fillers. From our search, we were able to find evidence of multiple bioactive inorganic fillers (bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, amorphous calcium phosphate, graphene oxide, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, silica, and niobium pentoxide) in the literature that have been used to improve the different properties of DAs. These improvements can be seen in the form of improved hardness, higher modulus of elasticity, enhanced bond, flexural, and ultimate tensile strength, improved fracture toughness, reduced nanoleakage, remineralization of the adhesive-dentin interface, improved resin tag formation, greater radiopacity, antibacterial effect, and improved DC (observed for some fillers). Most of the studies dealing with the subject area are in vitro. Future in situ and in vivo studies are recommended to positively attest to the results of laboratory findings.

Disinfection of acrylic denture resin polymer with Rose Bengal, Methylene blue and Porphyrin derivative in photodynamic therapy.

AIM: The study aimed to assess the effect of in-vitro chlorhexidine and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) disinfection protocols against acrylic resin specimens colonized with S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reference strains of S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans were tested. Sixteen blocks of acrylic specimens were prepared by heat-cure acrylic resin and contaminated by in-vitro biofilm growth. Specimens in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were treated with Rose Bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB) 500 mg/L and porphyrin derivative (PD) 5 ml respectively, for the sensitization of biofilms. All photosensitizers (PS) were activated by LED at different wavelength. CHX was prepared in sterile distilled water and applied for 60 s. Each contaminated specimen was sprayed on all its surfaces with the aforementioned photosensitizers and control CHX. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to test the effect of the treatments and Tukey multiple comparison tests to compare means OF CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli, C. albicans, S aureus, and S. mutans RESULTS: Specimens treated with 0.12% CHX (control) demonstrated a significant reduction in CFU/mL (log10) for exposed E. coli; 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL, C. albicans; 2.09±0.85 CFU/mL, S aureus; 3.04±0.11 CFU/mL, and S. mutans; 2.54±0.91 CFU/mL. The intragroup comparison revealed E.coli did not exhibit a decrease in reduction CFU/mL (log10) when acrylic resin irradiated with RB 5 µm. Whereas, CFU/mL (log10) values of S.aureus; 3.62±0.68 and S.mutans; 3.41±0.13 plummeted (p<0.05). Intergroup comparison showed E.coli values to display comparable reduction when disinfected with MB 500 mg/L and 0.12% CHX; 3.16±0.34 and 2.04±0.07 CFU/mL (log10) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Photosensitizers (RB, MB, PD) are selective in reducing bacterial count on acrylic resin blocks. CHX was found to be effective against all bacteria E.coli, C.albicans, S.aureus, and S.mutans at a concentration of 0.12%.