How to Bond to Current CAD/CAM Ceramics.

The clinical quality and longevity of increasingly popular resin-bonded CAD/CAM ceramic restorations depends greatly on the strength and durability of the resin-ceramic bond. With a diverse array of ceramic materials available, the choice of ceramic bonding protocol is highly influenced by the specific ceramic's type and composition. Typically, this protocol encompasses a surface pretreatment step followed by the application of a priming agent. This article provides a comprehensive update on current resin-bonding protocols for the most commonly used CAD/CAM ceramics.

Current Protocols for Resin-Bonded Dental Ceramics.

Resin-bonded ceramic restorations are common treatment options. Clinical longevity of resin-bonded ceramic restorations depends on the quality and durability of the resin-ceramic bond. The type and composition of the specific ceramic determines the selection of the most effective bonding protocol. Such protocol typically includes a surface pretreatment step followed by application of a priming agent. Understanding of fundamental ceramic properties and chemical compositions enables the clinician to make proper material selection decisions for clinically successful and long-lasting restorations. Based on research accrued over the past decades, this article reviews and discusses current resin-bonding protocols to most commonly used dental ceramics.

Bonding Durability Between Zirconia and Different Types of Tooth or Implant Abutments-A Systematic Review. Part II: Outcomes of Clinical Studies.

PURPOSE: To systematically review all clinical studies focusing on the clinical outcomes of zirconia restorations bonded to different types of tooth or implant abutments and to provide practical clinical guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was performed for English-language articles in dental journals published up to September 2020 using a combination of free-text words and MeSH terms. Studies were identified for review according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 2,856 studies were identified, and 24 studies were finally included. The included studies featured different types of surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, tooth and implant abutments, zirconia restorations, and designs. The relatively limited number of identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow for meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Airborne-particle abrasion (APA) and tribochemical silica (TBS) APA surface pretreatment methods yielded positive clinical outcomes on zirconia/resin bonding to all types of tooth surfaces identified. Chemically activating the APA and the TBS APA zirconia surfaces with an MDP monomer-based primer, along with an MDP monomer or phosphoric ester monomer-based resin cement, seems to be a durable bonding protocol for all types of tooth surfaces identified. Skipping the surface pretreatment method step in the bonding protocol did not affect the clinical outcomes of certain types of zirconia restorations on most types of tooth or implant abutment surfaces identified. Type of resin cement seems to be a less influential factor.

Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

A review of the main additive manufacturing technologies including vat-polymerization, material extrusion, material jetting, binder jetting, powder-based fusion, sheet lamination, and direct energy deposition is provided. Additionally, the dental applications of polymer, metal, and ceramic printing technologies are discussed.

The resin bond to high-translucent zirconia-A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Several systematic literature reviews have assessed the scientific evidence on resin bonding protocols to conventional 3 mol% ytrria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) ceramics. It has been widely discussed, however, that the differing composition and physical properties of new high-translucent zirconia generations (4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP) may require alternative bonding materials and procedures. This paper reviewed in vitro studies on the success and durability of bonding protocols to high-translucent zirconia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane Library for in vitro studies on bonding to new zirconia generations published until November 2020 was conducted and complemented by a manual search. Studies selected for review fulfilled the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. RESULTS: Of 629 screened articles, 18 were included in this review. They investigated different surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, aging procedures, and bond strength test protocols. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that resin bonding protocols successfully applied to conventional zirconia are also the most successful for high-translucent zirconia. Airborne particle abrasion and special phosphate monomer-containing primers or composite resin cements provide long-term durable resin bonds. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Durable bonds can be established between high-translucent zirconia and resin cements. The bonding materials and procedures applied do not compromise their physical properties.

Bonding durability between zirconia and different types of tooth or implant abutments-a systematic review. Part I: outcomes of in vitro studies.

PURPOSE: To systematically review all in vitro studies focusing on the durability of different bonding protocols applied to zirconia restorations with different types of tooth or implant abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: English-language articles published in dental journals up to March 2020 were searched using a combination of free text words and MeSH terms, as follows: zirconia; Y-TZP; zirconium; zirconia restoration; enamel; dentin; titanium abutment; titanium base; ceramic abutment; dental core; ceramic or metal post and core; composite build-up; bonding; adhesive cement; resin cement; adhesion; cementation; test; material testing; laboratory; and in vitro. Studies were identified for review based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 3,339 titles were identified. After a successive filtering process, a final total of 28 studies were included. The included studies featured different types of surface pretreatment methods, primers, resin cements, tooth and implant abutments, laboratory test outcomes, and designs. The relatively limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow for meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Zirconia surface pretreatment is an essential step in the bonding protocol. Airborne-particle abrasion surface pretreatment had a positive influence on zirconia resin bonding to most types of tooth and implant abutments identified. Chemically activating the treated zirconia surfaces with an MDP monomer-based primer, along with an MDP monomer or phosphate ester monomer-based resin cement, seems to be a durable bonding protocol. Type of resin cement seems to be a less influential factor.

Acceptability of instructional videos.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few decades, instructional videos have been incorporated as important tools in the dental classroom setting. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability of video demonstrations in comparison with live broadcasting and with the traditional face-to-face demonstrations in preclinical fixed prosthodontic classes. METHODS: A group of dental students who have been exposed to three different methods of delivering practical demonstrations - face-to-face demonstrations, live broadcasting and recorded instructional videos - were included in the study. Preferences regarding these three methods were investigated using a questionnaire comprising a number of closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey data using spss software. Survey comments were summarised and coded into categories. RESULTS: A total of 163 questionnaires were distributed, and 145 responses were returned (a response rate of 89%). Ninety-two students (63%) considered the recorded video demonstrations to be the most convenient. Moreover, ninety-seven students (67%) found live demonstrations to be the least convenient. The majority of students either agreed (67 students) or strongly agreed (60 students) that watching the video before the session made it easier for them to perform the procedure in the lab. CONCLUSION: Recorded instructional videos were the preferred method of delivering practical demonstrations for students in the preclinical courses of fixed prosthodontics. Instructors must focus on using the technological aids to increase their positive interaction with students. Instructional videos have been incorporated as important tools in the dental classroom setting.