Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes of Asymmetric Dorsal Preservation for Correction of I-Shaped Crooked Nose Deformity.

Objective: The study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the asymmetric dorsal preservation technique for correcting I-shaped crooked nose deformity (CND). Methods: Patients with I-shaped CND who underwent asymmetric dorsal preservation in the period from September 2020 to September 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The Rhinomanometry and Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) was used to assess the outcomes. Deviation angle (DA) measurements were used to evaluate the degree of crookedness. The results were recorded both preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty-three patients were included in the study. Total nasal airflow and long-side nasal airflow were significantly higher 12 months postoperatively (p=0.001 each). Total nasal resistance, long-side nasal resistance, SCHNOS scores and DA measurements were significantly lower 12 months postoperatively (p<0.001 each). Conclusion: Asymmetric dorsal preservation is a successful alternative technique for correcting I-shaped CND and achieving optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Comparison of Dorsal Preservation and Dorsal Reduction Rhinoplasty: Analysis of Nasal Patency and Aesthetic Outcomes by Rhinomanometry, NOSE and SCHNOS Scales.

BACKGROUND: Dorsal preservation techniques have been preferred and gained popularity in recent years. The current study compares the effects of dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction rhinoplasty on nasal patency and aesthetic outcomes by using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and rhinomanometry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction techniques with rhinomanometry. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 34 patients who underwent rhinoplasty between January 2021-June 2022. The patients were randomly selected preoperatively and divided into two groups as structural rhinoplasty (SR) and preservation rhinoplasty (PR). Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) scales and rhinomanometric evaluation were performed preoperatively, at 3rd month and 12th month postoperatively. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (10 female, 9 male) were in SR group, 15 patients (7 female, 8 male) were in PR group. There was not significant difference in terms of age and gender between groups. In both groups, NOSE, SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C results were found to be significantly lower at postoperative 3rd and 12th month compared to preoperatively (p < 0.001 for the entire SR group, p = 0.001 for the entire PR group). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of PROMs. Mean total nasal volume (TNV) at 12th month were statistically higher than preoperative value in PR group (p = 0.031). Also there was no significant difference in SR group and between groups in terms of rhinomanometry results. CONCLUSION: Dorsal preservation with pushdown technique provides good functional and aesthetic results comparable with structural rhinoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . A well-designed prospective clinical trial.

Hearing screening outcomes in neonates of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to investigate possible association of maternal SARS-CoV-2 with newborn hearing loss. We compared hearing screening outcomes in neonates born to women with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results during pregnancy with healthy controls. METHODS: Neonates born between April and December 2020 in our hospital to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results during pregnancy were included in this study. Neonates with risk factors for universal newborn hearing screening (NHS) were excluded. Neonates born to mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results during pregnancy were compared with healthy controls in terms of newborn hearing screening results and independent variables. RESULTS: Neonates in the COVID-19 group were more likely to have a "refer" result in auditory brainstem responses (ABR) compared with the control group (53/118 and 28/118, respectively; p = 0.001). The second ABR test results did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.618). Logistic regression revealed that birth week and type of birth were not associated with the "refer" result. PCR positivity in the second trimester was more likely to produce the "refer" result in the first ABR test (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity in pregnancy is significantly associated with an increased risk of abnormal NHS results. Also, the timing of PCR positivity in pregnancy (trimester) may be related to abnormal NHS results.

Maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and newborn hearing: A retrospective analysis of 454 newborns.

OBJECTIVE: Maternal hypertension and preeclampsia have been related to sensorineural hearing loss in newborns. To investigate potential connections, we compared newborn hearing screening (NHS) results from newborns of mothers with chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia with results from newborns of healthy controls. The present study is unique with regard to its large sample size and the analysis of the possible effects of three different hypertensive disorders on newborn hearing. METHODS: We retrospectively searched the database of our hospital for pregnant women diagnosed with chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia according to the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes. The search covered the period from January 2010 to March 2020. NHS results were compared with those of newborns of healthy controls. RESULTS: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test results and categorical variables of infants of 146 women with preeclampsia, 71 women with chronic hypertension, and 10 women with eclampsia were compared with those of infants of 227 healthy women. Only the "bilateral pass" results were statistically significantly lower in the preeclampsia group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.036), but this was a temporary effect. Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the second ABR (ABR refer) test. CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant difference between the preeclampsia and control groups only in the first ABR test. But, the ABR refer test results of these groups did not differ significantly. Therefore, we conclude that these temporary effects may be related to newborns being born prematurely and being small for their gestational age.

Isotretinoin's action against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

Current data do not support the routine use of any agent to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. Although there are various diseases in which derivatives of vitamin A are used due to their antioxidant effects, there is no study for prevention from ototoxicity. In this study, the protective effect of isotretinoin was investigated on cisplatin ototoxicity in rats. 21 Wistar Albino rats were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group I: cisplatin, Group II: cisplatin + isotretinoin and Group III was the control group. Hearing assessment of all rats was done with ABR and DPOAE tests before and after the procedure. After the procedure, cochleas were resected and transmission electron microscopic examination was performed. Our DPOAE and ABR findings showed that isotretinoin has protective effects on cisplatin ototoxicity. According to transmission electron microscopic findings, isotretinoin has protective effects on cell integrity. We think that new experimental and clinical studies to be carried out in this regard may give us a new option on prevention of cochlea from ototoxicity.

Melatonin prevents possible radiotherapy-induced thyroid injury.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin in radiotherapy-induced thyroid gland injury in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin treatment group, radiotherapy group and melatonin plus radiotherapy group. The neck region of each rat was defined by simulation and radiated with 2 Gray (Gy) per min with 6-MV photon beams, for a total dose of 18 Gy. Melatonin was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection, 15 min prior to radiation exposure. Thirty days after the beginning of the study, rats were decapitated and analyses of blood and thyroid tissue were performed. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the melatonin plus radiotherapy group (p < .05), whereas interleukin-10 (IL-10) and glutathione (GSH) values were higher in the melatonin plus radiotherapy group (p < .05). The infiltration of inflammatory cells and percentage of apoptosis in the radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the melatonin plus radiotherapy group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin helped protect thyroid gland structure against the undesired cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy in rats.

Multilayered Closure of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea with Inlay Fascia Lata, Autologous Fat, and Outlay Fascia Lata: Our Experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since the initial use in 1981 by Wigand, different endoscopic endonasal surgery techniques have been proposed to close ventral skull base defects, all of which include multilayer closure involving vascularized mucoseptal flaps, autologous grafts, and synthetic materials. These methods are used individually or in combination, as required by the operative condition. METHODS: In this study we aimed to describe our endoscopic technique using inlay-outlay fascia lata and autologous fat with fibrin sealant to close spontaneous and traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-one CSF rhinorrhea patients were operated with this technique in our hospital. Two patients had large skull base defects and 15 patients had high-flow CSF leaks. We reached a 100% success rate in the first attempt without any long-term recurrence. Multilayered endoscopic closure with this technique offers satisfactory results with minimal morbidity even in large defects and high-flow CSF leaks.