Profiling of Petroselinum sativum (mill.) fuss phytoconstituents and assessment of their biocompatibility, antioxidant, anti-aging, wound healing, and antibacterial activities.

Petroselinum sativum, known as parsley, is a fragrant herb that possesses a rich heritage of utilization in traditional medicinal practices. In this study, we annotated the phytocontents of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. sativum and investigated their antioxidant, cytoprotective, antiaging, wound healing, and antibacterial activities. LC-MS/MS analysis of both extracts revealed the presence of 47 compounds belonging to diverse groups including organic acids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. By MTT assay, the extracts were fully biocompatible on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) while they inhibited intracellular ROS formation (DCFDA assay) and prevented GSH depletion (DTNB assay) upon UVA exposure. In addition, the extracts were potent in inhibiting the in vitro activities of skin-related enzymes mainly elastase, tyrosinase, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Using the scratch assay, P. sativum aqueous extract significantly enhanced wound closure when compared to untreated HaCaT cells. Moreover, both extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa's growth, reduced biofilm formation, and impaired the swimming and swarming motilities. Also, the aqueous extract was able to inhibit the production of bacterial pigments on plates. These findings strongly suggest the usefulness of P. sativum as a source of phytochemicals suitable for dermo-cosmeceutical applications.

Argan: Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antibacterial properties of its fruit pulp extracts.

Herein, we isolated three triterpenoid saponins from the methanol extract of the fruit pulp of argan. The structures of the identified compounds were determined using comprehensive NMR spectroscopy analyses (1H, 13C NMR, COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, and HSQC), combined with mass spectroscopy. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the monosaccharide contents after the samples underwent methanolysis and their glycoside configuration was proved via their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Furthermore, the methanol extract of the fruit pulp and its n-butanol fraction were evaluated for their antioxidant properties via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, antidiabetic activity using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities, and antibacterial properties utilizing microdilution and antibiofilm assays. Compared to the crude methanol extract, our results showed that the n-butanol fraction exhibited more potent antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 12.5-50 mg/mL); while no effect on the bacterial biofilm was observed. The methanol extract was more effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase (EC50 = 0.15 mg/mL), however, the n-butanol fraction elicited strong α-amylase inhibition (EC50 = 0.49 mg/mL). These findings suggest that the fruit pulp of argan could serve as a potential source of phytochemicals suitable for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.

Consommation des produits lactés chez l'enfant et l'adolescent marocain de 2 à 16 ans: une étude monocentrique Consumption of milk products among Moroccan children and adolescents aged 2-16 years: a monocentric study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the daily consumption of milk products in a population of Moroccan children and to determine the factors influencing this consumption. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study from 1 October 2013 to 31 April 2014. Children aged between 2 and 16 years were included in the study. The participants were recruited in the city of Fez. Data were collected using a frequency questionnaire. Enrolled parents and children were interviewed on their consumption of milk products and on sociodemographic factors. Children underwent anthropometric examination. The association between variables in milk products consumption was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression model. RESULTS: Food survey involved 286 children: 151 girls (52.8%) and 131 boys (45.8%). Children aged 2 to 3 years accounted for 26.4%, those aged 4 to 7 years accounted for 28.9%, those aged 7 to 9 years accounted for 18.3% and adolescents aged 10 to 16 years accounted for 26.4%. Children consumed on average 2.5±1 milk products per day. 57.8% of children aged 2 to 3 years, 53.6% of children aged 4 to 6 years, 40% of children aged 7 to 9 years and 41.2% of children aged 10 to 16 years consumed at least 3 milk products per day. The factors associated with the consumption of at least three milk products per day in univariate analysis were an illiterate maternal education level p < 0.001 OR= 0.1 and an elementary maternal education level p = 0.002 OR = 0.1, a medium familial socio-economic status p < 0.001 OR = 3, age p = 0.01 OR = 0.9 and a normal body mass index p = 0.01 OR = 2.5 and > 90° percentiles p < 0.001 OR= 6. There was a positive correlation between a body mass index > 90° percentiles p= 0.01 OR = 3.9 and the quantity of consumed milk products while there was a negative correlation between a body mass index > 90° percentiles p = 0.01 OR = 3.9 and a low maternal schooling: illiterate p = 0.008 OR= 0.1 elementary p = 0.009 OR = 0.1. CONCLUSION: The consumption of milk and of other milk products was inappropriate in particular among children aged 7 to 9 years and adolescents aged 10 to 16 years. Low maternal schooling and a body mass index higher than 90° percentiles were factors independently associated with the consumption of less than 3 milk products per day. The awareness of parents and children about the role of the milk and its derivatives in children diet is essential.

Incidence of adverse drug events and medication errors in intensive care units: a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, medication error has received considerable attention because it causes substantial mortality, morbidity, and additional health care costs. Collecting information in this field depends on the willingness of health professionals to report their errors. Another important point is to identify patients at high risk for an adverse drug event (ADE) to oversee the quality of the entire drug distribution chain, including prescription, drug choice, dispensing, and preparation to the administration of drugs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence rate of ADEs. To ascertain those related to medication errors to develop prevention strategies. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Multicenter study, 7 intensive care unit in academic and military hospital of Rabat. PERIOD: Three months. PATIENTS: Adult and pediatric patients in medical/surgical intensive care units. COLLECTION DATA: One coordinator for each participating ward collaborates with a pharmacist investigator from Moroccan pharmacovigilance center in the detection of ADEs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 696 patients studied, the investigators identified 108 incidents (15.5 %) (95% confidence interval, 14.1-16.9). The reviewers concluded that 56 (70%) of 80 ADEs were nonpreventable, which, by definition, are considered as ADRs. Among the 52 medication errors, 28 (53.8%) led to potential ADEs and 24 (46.2%) led to actual preventable ADEs. There were 7.7 medication errors for 1000 patient-days. We noted that the preventable ADEs occurred in the prescribing (71.1%), administration (21.2%), transcription (5.7%), and dispensing stages. Errors of wrong or improper drug use accounted for the majority of potential and actual preventable ADEs (23%), followed by improper dose (21.1%), wrong duration of treatment (19.2%),wrong rate of administration(13.5), errors due to drug omission (9.6%), wrong administration technique (5.8%), wrong dosage form (3.8%), and wrong administration timing (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS: This study argues the need for pharmacovigilance to extend its scope to medication errors to improve the safety of drugs. Our results underlined that medication errors are likely to be more serious than ADRs. Our approach based on the collaboration between the pharmacovigilance center and clinicians can be a powerful tool for incorporating error reporting into the culture of medicine.