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1.
Clin Cardiol ; 31(9): 424-30, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18781602

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myocardial performance index (MPI) was reported as a parameter of ventricular systolic and diastolic function, as well as a useful tool to predict the outcome in patients with ventricular dysfunction. HYPOTHESIS: To compare MPI with classical echocardiographic parameters as an independent marker of death in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). METHODS: Fifty-five children (13 deaths) underwent 104 echocardiograms from January 1996 to May 2005. Right ventricle (RV) MPI and left ventricle (LV) MPI, and 9 classical echocardiographic parameters (left atrium [LA]/body surface area [BSA], distance between mitral E point and ventricular septum, LV mass/body surface area, RV shortening fraction, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions/body surface area, LV ejection fraction, fiber circumferential shortening velocity, and mitral deceleration time) were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square, Pearson's correlation and Student t-test, Kaplan-Meier method, Cox's method, and receiver operating curve (ROC). Statistical significance was considered with alpha<0.05 and p=0.80]. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that all studied parameters were markers of death. There was a high correlation between RVMPI and LVMPI (r=0.847]-p=0.0001]); therefore, to avoid bias, RVMPI was discharged from multivariate analysis. In the deceased group, moderate/severe mitral regurgitation was frequent (76.9%; confidence interval [CI[ 95%=46.2%- 94.9%) and it was considered in multivariate analysis. In Cox's multivariate analysis, LVMPI was the only independent marker of death (p=0.0213]). The ideal cut-off was 0.63 with 92.3% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity, and fitted ROC area=0.918]. CONCLUSIONS: In children with IDCM, LVMPI is an independent marker of death.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Contraction , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Echocardiography , Humans , Infant , Models, Statistical , ROC Curve , Survival Rate , Ventricular Function
2.
Int J Cardiol ; 128(1): e28-30, 2008 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17716757

ABSTRACT

A 50 years old male with previous history of dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted to cardio-intensive unit with dyspnea, cough, ascites and lower limb edema ascending to the inguinal region. 2D-Ecocardiogram revealed large pericardial effusion, without signs of diastolic restriction. The patient underwent pericardial drainage, which rapidly recollected in the following day. Abdominal ultrasound showed fibrotic and reduced size liver and subsequent radionuclide scan demonstrated direct communication between peritoneal and pericardial spaces. With the resolution of ascites, pericardial effusion did not recur. Embryologic explanation of this rare condition is still elusive, but incomplete closure of diaphragmatic muscle and thoracic-abdominal communication may represent the model of this anatomic functional anomaly.


Subject(s)
Fistula/complications , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Pericardium , Peritoneum , Diagnosis, Differential , Echocardiography , Fistula/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pericardial Effusion/diagnosis , Pericardial Effusion/therapy , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, Emission-Computed
3.
Cardiol Young ; 17(2): 175-84, 2007 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17244382

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children has a high rate of mortality. Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice in those who fail to respond to therapeutics. Several studies have been carried out to determine unfavourable prognoses, and to provide an early indication for cardiac transplantation. Nevertheless, no consensus has been reached on the matter. OBJECTIVE: To propose predictors of death in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We reviewed data extending over 22 years from 142 consecutive children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, of whom 36 died. The criteria for inclusion were the presence of congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly in a routine chest X-ray, confirmed by enlargement and hypo kinesis of the left ventricle in the echocardiogram. We included asymptomatic children in functional class I. Based on Cox's analysis of clinical and laboratory data, we sought any predictors of death. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the predictors were functional class IV at presentation (p equal to 0.0001), dyspnoea (p equal to 0.0096), and reduced pedal pulses (p equal to 0.0413). In chest X-ray, they were maximal cardiothoracic ratio (p equal to 0.0001) and pulmonary congestion (p equal to 0.0072). In the electrocardiogram, right atrium overload (p equal to 0.0118), ventricular arrhythmias (p equal to 0.0148) and heart rate (p equal to 0.027). In the echocardiogram, mitral regurgitation of grade 3 to 4 (p equal to 0.002), the left atrial to aortic ratio (p equal to 0.0001), and left ventricle ejection fraction (p equal to 0.0266). In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors were maximum cardiothoracic ratio (p equal to 0.0001), left ventricle ejection fraction (p equal to 0.0013), mitral regurgitation of grade 3 or 4 (p equal to 0.0017), functional class IV at presentation (p equal to 0.0028), and ventricular arrhythmias (p equal to 0.0253). CONCLUSION: Children, who have these predictors of death should be considered for early heart transplantation when no improvement is observed in clinical treatment.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/surgery , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Transplantation , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Radiography, Thoracic , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Distribution , Survival Rate , Time Factors
4.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 81(5): 368-72, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16247537

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition is an independent predictor of death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. An analysis was performed of the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on the nutritional status and echocardiogram parameters of children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: This was an open label cohort of 11 patients who received L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) plus the conventional medical treatment, compared with 40 controls, matched for gender and age. The L-carnitine group was weighed 118 times and the controls 264 times. Additionally, the L-carnitine group underwent 65 two-dimensional echocardiograms and the controls 144. Chi-square, Student's t test, Person correlation and ANOVA were calculated with alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: For the L-carnitine group: age at presentation = 3.82 years old, 72.7% (p = 0.033) were females younger than 2 years and 90.9% (p = 0.0001) were in functional classes III and IV. There were no deaths during this period. At presentation, no differences were observed in weight percentile (31.2+/-8.74 vs. 19.6+/-21.2) (p = 0.29) or z score (-0.68+/-1.05 vs. -1.16+/-0.89) (p = 0.24). Increases were observed in both the percentile (p = 0.026) and z score (p = 0.033) after the introduction of L-carnitine. At presentation, there were no differences in ejection fraction (54.9%+/-3.8 vs. 49.3%+/-6.6) (p = 0.19), but LV mass/BSA were greater in the L-carnitine group (169.12 g/m2+/-26.24 vs. 110.67 g/m2+/-15.62) (p = 0.0005). After the introduction of L-carnitine an increase in ejection fraction (48.3+/-7 to 67.2+/-7) (p = 0.044) was observed. LV mass/BSA decreased (164.29 g/m2+/-28.14 to 110.88 g/m2+/-28.88), but without significance (p = 0.089) CONCLUSION: In children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, supplementation of L-carnitine may be helpful for nutritional and echocardiographic improvement.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Nutritional Status/physiology , Stroke Volume/physiology , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Time Factors , Ultrasonography
5.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 81(5): 368-372, set.-out. 2005. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-418519

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A desnutrição é marcadora independente de óbito na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática. Foi analisada a repercussão da introdução da L-carnitina nos parâmetros nutricionais e ecocardiográficos em crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo aberto de 11 crianças, comparadas com 40 controles, pareados para sexo e idade. Foi administrada L-carnitina oral (100 mg/kg/dia), além do tratamento padrão. Foram realizadas 118 pesagens no grupo L-carnitina e 264 nos controles, além de 65 ecocardiogramas no grupo L-carnitina e 144 nos controles. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. Foi utilizado alfa = 0,05. RESULTADOS: Grupo L-carnitina: idade = 3,82 anos, 72,7 por cento (p = 0,033) menores de 2 anos e do sexo feminino, e 90,9 por cento (p = 0,001) em classe funcional III e IV. Não ocorreram óbitos no período. Não houve diferença no percentil de peso inicial (31,2±8,74 vs. 19,6±21,2) (p = 0,29) nem no índice z (-0,68±1,05 vs. -1,16±0,89) (p = 0,24). Ocorreu aumento do percentil (p = 0,026) e do índice z (p = 0,033) após a L-carnitina. Não houve diferença na fração de ejeção na apresentação (54,9 por cento±3,8 vs. 49,3 por cento±6,6) (p = 0,19), porém a massa VE/SC foi superior no grupo L-carnitina (169,12 g/m²±26,24 vs. 110,67 g/m²±15,62) (p = 0,0005). Após a L-carnitina, a ANOVA demonstrou aumento da fração de ejeção (48,3±7 para 67,2±7) (p = 0,044), e a massa do VE/SC foi reduzida (164,29g/m²±28,14 para 110,88g/m²±28,88), porém sem significância estatística (p = 0,089). CONCLUSÃO: Na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância, a suplementação com L-carnitina pode auxiliar na recuperação nutricional e na melhora da fração de ejeção, facilitando a reversão do quadro de caquexia e da insuficiência cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Heart Ventricles , Nutritional Status/physiology , Stroke Volume/physiology , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Epidemiologic Methods , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Time Factors
6.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 80(3): 211-6, 2004.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15192764

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic value of malnutrition in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 165 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, diagnosed from September 1979 to March 2003. It analyzed the following variables: gender, age, previous viral illness in the preceding 3 months, functional class according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA), evaluation of nutritional status (normal vs. malnutrition), percentile and standard deviation (z index) of weight. Weight was measured 744 times during the first 72 months, 93 during the first month. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi Squared, Student t test and analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CI95) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. An alpha value of 0.05 and beta of 0.80 were used. RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 2.2+/-3.2 years with higher incidence in those younger than 2 years (75.8%-CI95 = 68.5% to 82.1%) (p < 0.0001). NYHA classes III and IV were observed in 81.2% (CI95 = 74.4% to 86.9%) (p < 0.0001) and all 40 deaths were this group (p = 0.0008). At presentation, myocarditis occurred in 39.4% (CI95 = 31.9% to 47.3%) (p = 0.0001) and a high level of association between myocarditis and previous viral illness was observed (p = 0.0005) (OR = 3.15-CI95 = 1.55 to 6.44). Malnutrition at presentation did not influence death (p = 0.10), however progressive malnutrition was a marker for death (p = 0.02) (OR = 3.21-CI95 = 1.04 to 9.95). No significant differences weight percentiles (p = 0.15) or in z scores (p = 0.14) were observed. Observed mean weight percentiles (34.9+/-32.6 vs. 8.6+/-16.0) (p < 0.0001) and z scores (-0.62+/-1.43 vs. -2.02+/-1.12) (p < 0.0001) during the study period were greater among survivors. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in weight percentile progression (p = 0.0417) and z scores (p = 0.0005) from the first month onwards. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of nutritional status is easy to perform, it does not imply additional costs and should become routine for children with chronic heart failure.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Age Factors , Body Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Sex Factors
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(3): 211-216, maio-jun. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-362578

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a importância da desnutrição como marcadora e preditora do óbito na cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática na infância. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo envolvendo 165 pacientes (setembro de 1979 a março de 2003). As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade e história de infecção viral nos últimos 3 meses, classe funcional da New York Heart Association (NYHA), percentil e desvio padrão do peso (índice z) e avaliação do estado nutricional. Foram realizadas 744 pesagens nos primeiros 72 meses e 93 no primeiro mês de evolução. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student e análise de variância. Foram utilizados o valor alfa de 0,05 e o valor beta de 0,80. RESULTADOS: A idade no diagnóstico foi de 2,1±3,2 anos, com maior incidência nos menores de 2 anos (75,8 por cento; IC95 = 68,5-82,1 por cento) (p < 0,0001). A classe funcional III e IV foi observada em 81,2 por cento (IC95 = 74,4-86,9 por cento) (p < 0,0001), tendo todos os 40 óbitos ocorrido neste grupo (p = 0,0008). Na apresentação, a miocardite ocorreu em 39,4 por cento (IC95 = 31,9-47,3 por cento) (p = 0,0001). Houve forte associação entre miocardite e doença viral prévia (p = 0,0005) (RC = 3,15; IC95 = 1,55-6,44). A desnutrição na apresentação não influenciou o óbito (p = 0,10), porém a desnutrição evolutiva foi marcadora de óbito (p = 0,02) (RC = 3,21; IC95 = 1,04-9,95). Não houve diferença significativa no percentil de peso (p = 0,15) ou no índice z (p = 0,14) na apresentação. A média do percentil de peso e do índice z foram superiores nos sobreviventes (34,9+32,6 versus 8,6+16,0 e -0,62+1,43 versus -2,02+1,12) (p < 0,0001). A análise de variância demonstrou diferença significativa na evolução para o percentil de peso (p = 0,0417) e para o índice z (p = 0,0005) desde o primeiro mês de evolução. CONCLUSAO: A avaliação do estado nutricional é de fácil execução, não implica ônus adicional e deve tornar-se rotina no seguimento do paciente com insuficiência cardíaca crônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Child Nutrition Disorders/complications , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Body Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Confidence Intervals , Incidence , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
8.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 80(1): 71-6, 2004.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14978553

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic value of cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and cardiothoracic ratio as indicators of death and survival in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of 152 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed between September 1979 and March 2003. In the first 72 months, 722 exams were performed (100 in the first 15 days). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: chi-square, Student's t test, ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier curves. Alpha = 0.05; beta = 0.80. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 2.2+/-3.2 years. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy incidence was higher in children younger than 2 years (76.3% - 95% CI = 68.7% to 82.8%) (p < 0.0001). Sex (p = 0.07) and color (p = 0.11) were not significant and mortality was not influenced by age (p = 0.73), sex (p = 0.78) or color (p = 0.20). Most patients were severely ill (84.2% - 95% CI = 77.4% to 89.6%; functional class III and IV; p < 0.0001). All 43 deaths occurred in this group (p = 0.0008). Cardiomegaly at presentation was observed in 94.1% (95% CI = 89.1% to 97.2%) (p < 0.0001), and pulmonary congestion in 75.6% (95% CI = 68.0% to 82.2%) (p < 0.0001). Pulmonary congestion and cardiomegaly were more frequent in functional class III/IV patients (RC = 8.03 - 95% CI = 2.85% to 23.1%) (p < 0.0001). Pulmonary congestion was a marker of death (RC = 3.16 - 95% CI = 1.06% to 10.07) (p = 0.0222), but not cardiomegaly (p = 0.1185). Survival was influenced by both cardiomegaly (p = 0.0189) and pulmonary congestion (p = 0.0050). Mean and maximum cardiothoracic ratio were higher in the death group (0.749+/-0.053 vs. 0.662+/-0.080) (p < 0.0001) and (0.716+/-0.059 vs. 0.620+/-0.085) (p < 0.0001). ANOVA revealed a progressive decrease in cardiothoracic ratio in the survival group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the presence of pulmonary congestion at presentation and increased cardiothoracic ratio are associated with poor survival.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Cardiomegaly/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/mortality , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prognosis , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Analysis
9.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(1): 71-76, jan.-fev. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-358081

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Analisar o valor prognóstico da cardiomegalia, da congestão pulmonar e do índice cardiotorácico como marcadores de óbito e sobrevida em crianças com cardiomiopatia dilatada. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 152 pacientes entre setembro de 1979 e março de 2003. Foram realizados 722 exames nos primeiros 72 meses e 100 nos primeiros 15 dias de evolução. Análise estatística: qui-quadrado, teste t de Student, análise de variância para medidas repetidas e método de Kaplan-Meier. Foram utilizados os valores alfa = 0,05 e beta = 0,80. RESULTADOS: Idade no diagnóstico de 2,2±3,2 anos. Incidência maior nos menores de 2 anos (76,3 por cento; IC 95 por cento = 68,7 por cento a 82,8 por cento) (p < 0,0001). Sexo (p = 0,07) e etnia (p = 0,11) não foram significantes, e a mortalidade não foi influenciada pela faixa etária (p = 0,73), sexo (p = 0,78) e etnia (p = 0,20). A maioria dos pacientes (84,2 por cento; IC 95 por cento = 77,4 por cento a 89,6 por cento) era grave, classe funcional III e IV (p < 0,0001), e todos os 43 óbitos ocorreram neste grupo (p = 0,0008). Cardiomegalia inicial foi observada em 94,1 por cento (IC 95 por cento = 89,1 por cento a 97,2 por cento) (p < 0,0001) e congestão pulmonar em 75,6 por cento (IC 95 por cento = 68,0 por cento a 82,2 por cento)(p < 0,0001), sendo mais freqüente na classe funcional III/IV (RC = 8,03; IC 95 por cento = 2,85 por cento a 23,1 por cento)(p < 0,0001). A congestão pulmonar foi marcadora de óbito (RC = 3,16; IC 95 por cento= 1,06 por cento a 10,07) (p = 0,0222), o mesmo não ocorrendo com a cardiomegalia (p = 0,1185). A sobrevida foi influenciada pela cardiomegalia (p = 0,0189) e pela congestão pulmonar (p = 0,0050). O índice cardiotorácico máximo e médio foram superiores no grupo óbito (0,749+0,053 versus 0,662+0,080) (p < 0,0001) e (0,716+0,059 versus 0,620+0,085) (p < 0,0001). A análise de variância demonstrou diminuição progressiva do índice cardiotorácico no grupo que sobreviveu (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSAO: Em crianças com diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia dilatada Idiopática, a presença de congestão pulmonar no exame inicial e o aumento do índice cardiotorácico, são achados associados a menor sobrevida.


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Radiography, Thoracic , Cardiomegaly , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Analysis
10.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 81(1): 79-84, 73-8, 2003 Jul.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12908075

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) for diagnosing incipient left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). METHODS: A study with 115 individuals was carried out. The individuals were divided as follows: GI - 38 healthy individuals; GII - 47 individuals with mild to moderate hypertension and normal findings on echocardiogram and ECG; and GIII - 30 individuals with hypertension and documented LVH. The magnitude vector of the SAECG was analyzed with the high-pass cutoff frequency of 40 Hz through the bidirectional four-pole Butterworth high-pass digital filter. The mean quadratic root of the total QRS voltage (RMST) and the two-dimensional integral of the QRS area of the spectro-temporal map were analyzed between 0 and 30 Hz for the frequency domain (Int FD), and between 40 and 250 Hz for the time domain (Int TD). The electrocardiographic criterion for LVH was based on the Cornell Product. Left ventricular mass was calculated with the Devereux formula. RESULTS: All parameters analyzed increased from GI to GIII, except for Int FD (GII vs GIII) and RMST log (GII vs GIII). Int TD showed greater accuracy for detecting LVH with an appropriate cutoff > 8 (sensitivity of 55%, specificity of 81%). Positive values (> 8) were found in 56.5% of the G II patients and in 18.4% of the GI patients (p< 0.0005). CONCLUSION: SAECG can be used in the early diagnosis of LVH in hypertensive patients with normal ECG and echocardiogram.


Subject(s)
Electrocardiography/methods , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Adult , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Humans , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 81(1): 73-84, July 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-341305

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) for diagnosing incipient left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). METHODS: A study with 115 individuals was carried out. The individuals were divided as follows: GI - 38 healthy individuals; GII - 47 individuals with mild to moderate hypertension and normal findings on echocardiogram and ECG; and GIII - 30 individuals with hypertension and documented LVH. The magnitude vector of the SAECG was analyzed with the high-pass cutoff frequency of 40 Hz through the bidirectional four-pole Butterworth high-pass digital filter. The mean quadratic root of the total QRS voltage (RMST) and the two-dimensional integral of the QRS area of the spectro-temporal map were analyzed between 0 and 30 Hz for the frequency domain (Int FD), and between 40 and 250 Hz for the time domain (Int TD). The electrocardiographic criterion for LVH was based on the Cornell Product. Left ventricular mass was calculated with the Devereux formula. RESULTS: All parameters analyzed increased from GI to GIII, except for Int FD (GII vs GIII) and RMST log (GII vs GIII). Int TD showed greater accuracy for detecting LVH with an appropriate cutoff > 8 (sensitivity of 55 percent, specificity of 81 percent). Positive values (> 8) were found in 56.5 percent of the G II patients and in 18.4 percent of the GI patients (p< 0.0005). CONCLUSION: SAECG can be used in the early diagnosis of LVH in hypertensive patients with normal ECG and echocardiogram


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Electrocardiography , Hypertension , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Echocardiography
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 45(3): 271-277, jun. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285587

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o descenso pressórico durante o período do sono em pacientes normotensos com diabetes tipo 1 , estratificados em função da microalbuminúria. Submeteram-se 37 pacientes, com idade de 26,5 +/- 6,7 anos e duração da doença de 8 anos (1-34), à determinação da taxa de excreção urinária de albumina (EUA) por radioimunoensaio e à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA). A microalbuminúria foi definida como EUA >/= 20 e< 200ng/min em pelo menos duas de três amostras de urina noturna. Considerou-se "não-dipper" sistólico ou diastólico, como o descenso pressórico durante o sono < 10 por cento dos respectivos valores de vigília. Encontramos 9 pacientes microalbuminúricos. A frequência de "não-dipper" sistólico foi de 89 por cento nos micro e de 78 por cento nos normoalbuminúricos (8/9 VS, 22/28; p=0,656) e de "não-dipper" diastólico de 55 por cento e de 18 por cento, respectivamente (5/9 VS, 5/28; p= 0,041). O grupo "não-dipper" diastólico tinha maior duração da doença (10,5 (2-18) VS. 7 (1-34 anos); p= 0,043), maior EUA (20,6 (2,2-82,4) VS, 6,2 (2, 1-63,7ng/min); p= 0,04) e concomitante ausência do descenso sistólico. No modelo de regressão múltipla apenas a microalbuminúria manteve-se correlacionada com a ausência do descenso diastólico (p= 0,036; R= 0,236), Concluímos que o comprometimento do descenso sistólico em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 normotensos é o mais frequente e a ausência do descenso diastólico está associada principalmente com a microalbuminúria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Albuminuria/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods , Polysomnography , Sleep/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Arterial Pressure/physiology
13.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 60(5): 356-362, maio 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-301590

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudar a associação da retinopatia diabética com a monitorização ambulatoria da pressão arterial (MAPA) em pacientes normotensos com diabetes tipo 1. Local: Serviços de Diabetes, Oftalmologia e Cardiologia do Hospital Pedro Ernesto da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: 37 pacientes, com idade média de 26,5 ñ 6,7 anos e período mediano de diagnóstico da doença de 8 anos (1-34), submeteram-se ao exame de fundo de olho realizado sob midríase por oftalmoscopia indireta, à determinação da taxa de excreção urinária de albumina por radioimunoensaio e à MAPA. A retinopatia foi classificada em não proliferativa e proliferativa. Resultados: Encontramos 11 pacientes com retinopatia diabética (10 com a forma não proliferativa). Os pacientes com retinopatia tinham maior tempo de diagnóstico da doença [11 anos (5-18) vs. 7 anos (1-34); p=0,011] e, também, maior a dose diária de insulinado que o grupos sem retinopatia (65,1 ñ 19,0 vs. 47,1 ñ 17,5 u; p=0,008). A pressão arterial sistólica no sono foi maior nos diabéticos com retinopatia (117,2 ñ 8,7mmHg vs 111,3 ñ 7,7mmHg; p=0,048) e as demais médias pressóricas da MAPA tenderam a ser maiores, também, no grupo com retinopatia. A carga e os descensos pressóricos não diferiram em função da presença de retinopatia. Conclusão: A presença de retinopatia, predominantemente não-proliferativa em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 normotensos, foi associada à maior duração da doença e teve tendência a se associar com maiores valores pressóricos durante a MAPA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arterial Pressure , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 71(5): 687-94, nov. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-241764

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Em ausência de alterações estruturais miocárdicas (AEM), avaliar se o bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD) gera potenciais fragmentados (PF) e turbulência espectral (TE) no eletrocardiograma de alta resolução (ECGAR). Métodos - Doze crianças com comunicação interatrial (CIA) e bloqueio incompleto do ramo direito (BIRD) sem AEM (Grupo I), foram comparadas com 17 crianças com tetralogia de Fallot (TF) operada, BCRD e AEN, 5 com extra sistoles ventriculares e 2 com taquicardia ventricular sustentada (Grupo II). Todas fizeram ECGAR nos domínios do tempo (DT) e da freqüência (DF), com cinco variáveis analisadas. Resultados - Os pacientes do grupo I tiveram as variáveis normais apesar do BIRD. No grupo II, 4 das cinco variáveis foram anormais, sugerindo a presença de PF e TE atribuíveis a AEM inerentes à malformação e ao ato cirúrgico. Conclusão - Na CIA o BIRD não complicado de AEM não gera PF e TE, não constituindo fator de risco para taquicardia ventricular sustentada.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Female , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/physiopathology , Tetralogy of Fallot/physiopathology , Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Ventricular Premature Complexes/diagnosis , Ventricular Premature Complexes/physiopathology
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 65(6): 497-500, Dez. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319302

ABSTRACT

The most common externalization of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is opportunist infection, and tuberculosis is one of the most frequent agents. The tuberculous pericarditis has been associated with AIDS, but it exceptionally occurs as the first event in the syndrome. We reported four cases in which tuberculous pericarditis was the initial manifestation of AIDS, characterizing by its clinical picture, diagnostic methods, therapeutics and the evolution of this involvement.


A forma mais comum de exteriorização da síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA) é a infecção oportunística, e uma das mais freqüentes em nosso meio é a tuberculose. A pericardite tuberculosa tem sido referida associada à SIDA, porém o seu encontro como manifestação inicial da doença é raro. Relatamos a ocorrência de quatro casos, em que a pericardite tuberculosa foi a primeira manifestação da SIDA, caracterizando seu quadro clínico, métodos diagnósticos, terapêutica e evolução deste tipo de envolvimento


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Pericarditis, Tuberculous , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Pericarditis, Tuberculous
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 55(3): 231-6, mayo-jun. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-155115

ABSTRACT

Se estudió compromiso cardíaco en pacientes con espondiloartropatías seronegativas utilizando la ecodopplercardiografía. De los 35 pacientes, 20 eran portadores de espondilitis anquilosantes, 10 de síndrome de Reiter y 5 presentaban artritis psoriásica. Se estudiaron 21 hombres y 14 mujeres de entre 17 y 68 años. La mayoría (65,71 por ceinto) no presentaba sintomatología cardíaca y 12 (34, 29 por ciento) eran oligosintomáticos. El sintoma predominante era palpitaciones. Todos fueron sometidos a un estudo ecodoppler y electrocardiográfico. El ecocardiograma mostró alteraciones en 19 pacientes (54, 29 por ciento), de ellos, el 28,50 por ciento era asintomáticos y el 25,71 por ciento presentaba síntomas cardiovasculares. El examen bidimensional fue el que detectó mayor número de alteraciones (17/19-84,47 por ciento), en tanto que el Doppler pulsado detectó 10 de los 19 (52,63 por ceinto) y unidimensional (9/19-47,36 por ciento). La válvula aórtica estaba comprometida en 10 pacientes (28,58 por ciento) de los que 7 tenían engrosamiento y 3 calcificación; la válvula mitral mostraba alteraciones en 11 enfermos (57,89 por ciento), engrosamientos en 9, calcificación en 1 y prolapso en 2. No se observaron alteraciones en las válvulas tricúspide y pulmonar. El Doppler pulsado detectó 4 insuficiencias aórticas y 3 mitrales. El compromiso valvular aórtico estaba presente en 8 (40 por ciento) de los pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante. El examen electrocardiográfico presentó una bradicardia sinusal, un bloqueo aurículo-ventricular de 1er grado, un bloqueo de rama derecha y 19 casos con ATc prolongado. El ecocardiograma demostró ser un método no invasivo de gran utilidad para revelar alteraciones cardíacas en los pacientes con espondiloartropatías seropnegativas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart Diseases/complications , Joint Diseases/complications , Aortic Valve , Arthritis, Reactive/complications , Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Mitral Valve , Long QT Syndrome/diagnosis , Long QT Syndrome/etiology , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications
17.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 55(3): 231-6, mayo-jun. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-23503

ABSTRACT

Se estudió compromiso cardíaco en pacientes con espondiloartropatías seronegativas utilizando la ecodopplercardiografía. De los 35 pacientes, 20 eran portadores de espondilitis anquilosantes, 10 de síndrome de Reiter y 5 presentaban artritis psoriásica. Se estudiaron 21 hombres y 14 mujeres de entre 17 y 68 años. La mayoría (65,71 por ceinto) no presentaba sintomatología cardíaca y 12 (34, 29 por ciento) eran oligosintomáticos. El sintoma predominante era palpitaciones. Todos fueron sometidos a un estudo ecodoppler y electrocardiográfico. El ecocardiograma mostró alteraciones en 19 pacientes (54, 29 por ciento), de ellos, el 28,50 por ciento era asintomáticos y el 25,71 por ciento presentaba síntomas cardiovasculares. El examen bidimensional fue el que detectó mayor número de alteraciones (17/19-84,47 por ciento), en tanto que el Doppler pulsado detectó 10 de los 19 (52,63 por ceinto) y unidimensional (9/19-47,36 por ciento). La válvula aórtica estaba comprometida en 10 pacientes (28,58 por ciento) de los que 7 tenían engrosamiento y 3 calcificación; la válvula mitral mostraba alteraciones en 11 enfermos (57,89 por ciento), engrosamientos en 9, calcificación en 1 y prolapso en 2. No se observaron alteraciones en las válvulas tricúspide y pulmonar. El Doppler pulsado detectó 4 insuficiencias aórticas y 3 mitrales. El compromiso valvular aórtico estaba presente en 8 (40 por ciento) de los pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante. El examen electrocardiográfico presentó una bradicardia sinusal, un bloqueo aurículo-ventricular de 1er grado, un bloqueo de rama derecha y 19 casos con ATc prolongado. El ecocardiograma demostró ser un método no invasivo de gran utilidad para revelar alteraciones cardíacas en los pacientes con espondiloartropatías seropnegativas (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Joint Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/complications , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications , Arthritis, Reactive/complications , Spondylitis, Ankylosing/complications , Mitral Valve , Aortic Valve , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Long QT Syndrome/diagnosis , Long QT Syndrome/etiology
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 58(2): 149-55, fev. 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-120718

ABSTRACT

Objetivo - Avaliar o efeito, do dilitiazem versus placebo na angina estável (AE). Métodos - Oitenta e sete pacientes com AE, idade média de 57 ñ 9 anos, 82 brancos 79 do sexo masculino. Avaliaçäo duplo-cega, randomizada em 2 grupo de pacientes, diltiazem e placebo, 3 a 4 comprimidos ao dia (180 a 240 mg de diltiazem ao dia). Foram realizados avaliaçöes clínico-ergométrica, laboratorial e cinecoronariográfica (prévia). Resultados - As médias do número de crises de angina, do consumo de nitrato sublingual por semana, da freqüência cardíaca, da pressäo arterial siostólica e diastólica em repouso e no final do período diltiazem, foram significativamente menores (p < 0,05) do que os respectivos valores do período placebo. O percentual do infradesnivelamento do segmento ST foi significativamente (p < 0,05) menor no grupo diltiazem quando comparado com o grupo placebo e o percentual de pacientes que atingiram estágios mais elevados no teste ergométrico foi signficativamente maior no grupo diltiazem quando comparado com o grupo placebo. A freqüência cardíaca e as pressöes arteriais sistólica e diastólica no final do exercício do grupo diltiazem näo variaram significativametne quando comparadas com o grupo placebo. Conclusäo - O diltiazem demonstrou ser capaz de reduzir as manifestaçöes clínicas e eletrocardiográficas da isquemia miocárdica e de aumentar a tolerância ao esforço no teste ergomêtrico, em pacientes com angina estável


Purpose - To evaluate the efficacy of diltiazem versus placebo in patients with stable angina. Methods - Eight-seven angina pectoris patients,mean age of 57 + 9, 82 white and 79 male were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind trial of two groups of patients diltiazem and placebo, 3 to 4 tablets a day (diltiazem 180 to 240 mg daily). The patients were evaluated-after laboratory tests and clinical-ergometric examinations. A coronary arteriography was performed on study entry. Results - The average of anginal attacks, number of weekly sublingual nitrate, heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressure at rest and at the end of diltiazem period were significantly lower (p < 0,05) regarding same periods on placebo. The percentage of depression for ST-segment was lower for diltiazem when compared with placebo (p < 0,05) and the percentage of patients that reach higher stages in the ergometric test was significantly better for diltiazem. Heart rate and systolic plus diastolic pressures after exercise did not differ in both groups. Conclusion - Diltiazem reduced the clinical and electrocardiographical aspects and raises the effort tolerance during the ergometric test in patients with stable angina


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diltiazem/therapeutic use , Coronary Disease/drug therapy , Angina Pectoris/drug therapy , Diltiazem/administration & dosage , Diltiazem/adverse effects , Coronary Disease/complications , Angina Pectoris/complications , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Heart Rate , Double-Blind Method , Arterial Pressure , Exercise Test
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 56(5): 355-358, maio 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-107852

ABSTRACT

Purpose­Evaluation of the prolonged PR interval and its predictive value for trifascicular block in individuals with bifascicular His bundle branch block. Patients and Methods­55 patients, 36 male and 19 female aged 57 + 15,8 years with bifascicular bundle branch block type have been studied. 11 cases had complete left bundle branch block and 44 cases had complete right bundle branch block with left anterior ana superior division block. His bundle electrogram and atrial stimulation were performed in all patients. The atrial stimulation rate originating the Wenckebach phenomenon (SP) of the A-V conduction, and the A-H and H-V intervals were compared with the PR interval of the surface electrocardiogram. Patients were divided into three groups according to the PR interval: group 1, Pr < 200 ms, group II, PR between 190-280 ms and group III,PR 280 ms. Results­There was not linear correlation between the PR interval and WP in the three groups. There was a weak linear ascending correlation between the PR and A-H intervals in groups I and II (r + 0.59 and + + 0.43, respectively) and there was a descending correlation in the group III (r. - 0.64, P < 0.05). In relation to the H-V interval there was not linear correlation with the PR interval in groups I and II, but there was a good ascending linear correlation in the group III (r 0.84, P < 0.01). The incidence of prolonged A-H and H-V intervals increased as the PR interval was larger. Conclusion­ The prolonged PR interval with bifascicular bundle branch block means, in the majority of cases, diffuse damage of the conduction system envolving the A-V node and the infranodal region; starting from 280 ms, the delayed PR interval suggests envolvement predominantly below the A-V node: to a higher PR interval corresponds a higher H-V interval and also, to a relatively shortest A-H interval


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Bundle of His/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Time Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Heart Block/physiopathology
20.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 3(1): 17-22, jan.-mar. 1990. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-120664

ABSTRACT

Os autores estudaram as alteraçöes eletrocardiográficas em 90 pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada (CD). Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: pertenciam ao grupo I os pacientes com padräo eletrocardiográfico de sobrecarga ventricular esquerda (SVE), ao grupo II os com padräo de bloqueio completo de ramo esquerdo (BCDE) e ao grupo III os com bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD). Faziam parte do grupo I 64 pacientes (71%), do grupo II 22 (24,6%) e do grupo III quatro (4,4%). Setenta e dois casos (80%) apresentaram arritmias, sendo do tipo fibrilaçäo atrial (FA) em 20 (28%), taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) em dois (3%), bloqueio atrioventricular, do 1- e 2- graus, em oito (11%), extra-sístoles ventriculares (EV) em 63 (87,5%) e extra-sístoles supraventriculares (ESV) em 42 (58%). Dos 64 pacientes com padräo de SVE 60 (93,75%) apresentaram ondas S profundas em pelo menos duas das derivaçöes precordiais direitas. Destes 44 (73,3%) tinham zona de transiçäo tardia com ondas R, em V5 e V6, de amplitude normal, baixa ou aumentada. Nestes mesmos pacientes, bloqueio BRE do 1- grau foi visto em 16 casos (25%), ondas Q patológicas em 22 (34%), baixa voltagem (BV), em derivaçöes periféricas, em 24 (37,5%, sobrecarga atrial esquerda (SAE) em 36 (56%), sobrecarga atrial direita (SAD) em dois (3%) e fibrilaçäo (FA) em 10 (16%). Nos 22 pacientes pertencentes ao grupo II (BCRE) seis (27%) tinham SAE, dois (9%) SAD e seis (27%) FA. Nos quatro doentes do grupo III (BRD) observamos que dois (50%) tinham a forma incompleta de BRD, dois (50%) a forma completa e todos apresentavam FA


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Angiography , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Catheterization
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