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1.
J Exp Med ; 209(11): 1985-2000, 2012 Oct 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027923

ABSTRACT

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a multifocal vascular neoplasm linked to human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8/KS-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) infection, is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. Clinical management of KS has proven to be challenging because of its prevalence in immunosuppressed patients and its unique vascular and inflammatory nature that is sustained by viral and host-derived paracrine-acting factors primarily released under hypoxic conditions. We show that interactions between the regulatory lectin galectin-1 (Gal-1) and specific target N-glycans link tumor hypoxia to neovascularization as part of the pathogenesis of KS. Expression of Gal-1 is found to be a hallmark of human KS but not other vascular pathologies and is directly induced by both KSHV and hypoxia. Interestingly, hypoxia induced Gal-1 through mechanisms that are independent of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF-2α but involved reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB. Targeted disruption of Gal-1-N-glycan interactions eliminated hypoxia-driven angiogenesis and suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. Therapeutic administration of a Gal-1-specific neutralizing mAb attenuated abnormal angiogenesis and promoted tumor regression in mice bearing established KS tumors. Given the active search for HIF-independent mechanisms that serve to couple tumor hypoxia to pathological angiogenesis, our findings provide novel opportunities not only for treating KS patients but also for understanding and managing a variety of solid tumors.


Subject(s)
Galectin 1/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Line, Tumor , Cells, Cultured , Galectin 1/genetics , Galectin 1/immunology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , HEK293 Cells , Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Humans , Hypoxia , Immunoblotting , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Mice, Nude , Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics , Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control , Protein Binding/drug effects , RNA Interference , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics , Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
2.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 4(7): e730, 2010 Jul 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20625551

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Latin America, 18 million people are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas' disease, with the greatest economic burden. Vertebrate calreticulins (CRT) are multifunctional, intra- and extracellular proteins. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) they bind calcium and act as chaperones. Since human CRT (HuCRT) is antiangiogenic and suppresses tumor growth, the presence of these functions in the parasite orthologue may have consequences in the host/parasite interaction. Previously, we have cloned and expressed T. cruzi calreticulin (TcCRT) and shown that TcCRT, translocated from the ER to the area of trypomastigote flagellum emergence, promotes infectivity, inactivates the complement system and inhibits angiogenesis in the chorioallantoid chicken egg membrane. Most likely, derived from these properties, TcCRT displays in vivo inhibitory effects against an experimental mammary tumor. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TcCRT (or its N-terminal vasostatin-like domain, N-TcCRT) a) Abrogates capillary growth in the ex vivo rat aortic ring assay, b) Inhibits capillary morphogenesis in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) assay, c) Inhibits migration and proliferation of HUVECs and the human endothelial cell line Eahy926. In these assays TcCRT was more effective, in molar terms, than HuCRT: d) In confocal microscopy, live HUVECs and EAhy926 cells, are recognized by FITC-TcCRT, followed by its internalization and accumulation around the host cell nuclei, a phenomenon that is abrogated by Fucoidin, a specific scavenger receptor ligand and, e) Inhibits in vivo the growth of the murine mammary TA3 MTXR tumor cell line. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We describe herein antiangiogenic and antitumor properties of a parasite chaperone molecule, specifically TcCRT. Perhaps, by virtue of its capacity to inhibit angiogenesis (and the complement system), TcCRT is anti-inflammatory, thus impairing the antiparasite immune response. The TcCRT antiangiogenic effect could also explain, at least partially, the in vivo antitumor effects reported herein and the reports proposing antitumor properties for T. cruzi infection.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Calreticulin/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/chemistry , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Calreticulin/isolation & purification , Cells, Cultured , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , Humans , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Mice , Organ Culture Techniques , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1475191

ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out in laboratory in order to determinate the best extraction time for obtaining high physiological quality of bottle gourd seeds. The seed extraction times were: fruit maturity period, plant scenescency and after 30, 60 and 90 days of fruit storage . The evaluation of seed germination and vigor was done at the extraction and every 30 days until 120 days after the beginning of the experiment. Fruits harvested at the natural death of the plants and shade stored for 49 and 57 days resulted in the highest germination and vigor, respectively, at the extraction epoch. That treatment showed the highest weight of 1000 seeds of 193.5g at 56 days. The storage of the seeds in the fruit was associated with the improvement of the seed physiological quality at extraction epoch. On the other hand, the laboratory storage of the seeds was associated to the dormancy breaking and the germination period shortening. In conclusion, the fruits of bottle gourd to extract seeds must be harvested at the natural death of the plants. Keeping seeds inside de fruits increases their germination and vigor. The shade storage of the fruits for 56 days produce high physiological quality in bottle gourd seeds.


Um experimento foi conduzido em campo e em laboratório com o objetivo de determinar a melhor época de extração, visando à obtenção de sementes de porongo de alta qualidade fisiológica. As épocas de extração das sementes foram as seguintes: na maturidade dos frutos, na senescência das plantas e 30, 60 e 90 dias após. Foram avaliados a germinação e o vigor no momento da extração e em períodos de 30 dias até 120 dias do início do armazenamento das sementes. A colheita por ocasião da senescência natural das plantas, seguida de armazenamento dos frutos à sombra, por um período de 49 e 57 dias, proporcionou a maior germinação e vigor, respectivamente, no momento da extração do fruto, sendo que o máximo peso de 1000 sementes ocorreu aos 56 dias, com 193,5g. O armazenamento das sementes no fruto esteve associado à melhoria da qualidade fisiológica das sementes por ocasião da extração, enquanto que em laboratório eliminou a dormência e aumentou a velocidade de germinação. A colheita dos frutos de porongo visando à extração das sementes deve ser realizada por ocasião da senescência das plantas; a manutenção das sementes dentro de fruto maduro aumenta a germinação e o vigor; o armazenamento dos frutos, por 56 dias, resulta na obtenção de sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica.

4.
Ci. Rural ; 29(1)1999.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-703440

ABSTRACT

An experiment was carried out in laboratory in order to determinate the best extraction time for obtaining high physiological quality of bottle gourd seeds. The seed extraction times were: fruit maturity period, plant scenescency and after 30, 60 and 90 days of fruit storage . The evaluation of seed germination and vigor was done at the extraction and every 30 days until 120 days after the beginning of the experiment. Fruits harvested at the natural death of the plants and shade stored for 49 and 57 days resulted in the highest germination and vigor, respectively, at the extraction epoch. That treatment showed the highest weight of 1000 seeds of 193.5g at 56 days. The storage of the seeds in the fruit was associated with the improvement of the seed physiological quality at extraction epoch. On the other hand, the laboratory storage of the seeds was associated to the dormancy breaking and the germination period shortening. In conclusion, the fruits of bottle gourd to extract seeds must be harvested at the natural death of the plants. Keeping seeds inside de fruits increases their germination and vigor. The shade storage of the fruits for 56 days produce high physiological quality in bottle gourd seeds.


Um experimento foi conduzido em campo e em laboratório com o objetivo de determinar a melhor época de extração, visando à obtenção de sementes de porongo de alta qualidade fisiológica. As épocas de extração das sementes foram as seguintes: na maturidade dos frutos, na senescência das plantas e 30, 60 e 90 dias após. Foram avaliados a germinação e o vigor no momento da extração e em períodos de 30 dias até 120 dias do início do armazenamento das sementes. A colheita por ocasião da senescência natural das plantas, seguida de armazenamento dos frutos à sombra, por um período de 49 e 57 dias, proporcionou a maior germinação e vigor, respectivamente, no momento da extração do fruto, sendo que o máximo peso de 1000 sementes ocorreu aos 56 dias, com 193,5g. O armazenamento das sementes no fruto esteve associado à melhoria da qualidade fisiológica das sementes por ocasião da extração, enquanto que em laboratório eliminou a dormência e aumentou a velocidade de germinação. A colheita dos frutos de porongo visando à extração das sementes deve ser realizada por ocasião da senescência das plantas; a manutenção das sementes dentro de fruto maduro aumenta a germinação e o vigor; o armazenamento dos frutos, por 56 dias, resulta na obtenção de sementes de alta qualidade fisiológica.

5.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);27(1): 13-19, Jan.-Mar. 1997. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-483493

ABSTRACT

Frutos de porongo - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - colhidos de uma lavoura localizada no município de Restinga Seca, RS, foram utilizados para estudar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes de Produção, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com sementes extraídas de 10 frutos grandes, médios e pequenos. Os frutos foram caracterizados pelo comprimento, diâmentro, espessura de casco e pelo número de sementes; e as sementes foram caracterizadas pelo comprimento, largura, espessura e peso de 1000 sementes. Frutos médios armazenados por 60 dias foram utilizados para comparar métodos de extração de sementes. Os métodos estudados foram: fermentação em água por 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h e imersão em solução de ácido clorídrico (HCl) por 30 min. nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30 por cento. A testemunha consistiu na retirada manual da placenta aderida às sementes. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através do teste de germinação, primeira contagem e tempo médio de germinação. Os resultados indicam que o tamanho de fruto de porongo pode ser caracterizado pelo seu comprimento ou diâmetro. Sementes mais leves, devido a sua menor largura e espessura, foram extraídas de frutos de menor tamanho. O HCl não foi eficiente para a extração de sementes de porongo, pois não facilitou a limpeza e afetou, principalmente nas concentações de 20 e 30 por cento, a germinação e o vigor das sementes. Concluiu-se que quanto maior o porongo maior é o número e peso de suas sementes, sem diferença na capacidade de produzir plântulas normais; a limpeza de sementes de porongo através daimersão em solução contendo HCl reduz o vigor; o melhor tempo de fermentação para as sementes de porongo em água à 25°C é as 72h. no entanto o período de 48 a 96h melhora a qualidade fisiológica, atém de facilitar a limpeza; e as sementes de porongo, em condições favoráveis de temperatura, umidade...


Bottie gourd - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - the fruits harvested from a farm localed in Restinga Seca county, were used to evaluate seeds in the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The effect of fruit size on seed physiological quality was studied using seeds from ten large, medium and small bottle gourd fruits. Fruits were characterized by the length, the diameter. the shell thickness, and by the number of seeds. The seeds were characterized by the length, the width, the thickness, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Water fermentation during 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours and dipping in HCl solution by 10, 20, and 30 percent during 30 minutes were used to compare methods of extracting seeds from medium bottle gourd fruits stored for 60 days. The manual extraction of seeds was considered as the control treatment. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by the germination and the first counting test and averaging time of germination parameters. Results indicated that the size of botlle gourd fruit can be characterized either by the length or the width. Lighter seeds with smaller width and thickness were extracted from smaller fruits. The treatment with HCl solution specially on 20 and 30 percent concentration was not efficient for the extracting bottle gourd seeds because the cleaning process was more difficult and qffècted negatively seed germination and the vigor. The results show that as the size of the fruits increase the number and weight of seeds also increase without changing the ability to produce normal seedlings. The cleaning process of bottle gourd seeds in HCl solution reduces their vigor. The best period of fermentation of seeds was observed in water at 25°C for 72 hours, however, the period from 48 to 96 hours improved their physiological quality and also facilitated the cleaning process. The bottle gourd seeds germinate in environment with 43.4 percent of humidity and resonable air...

6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1474942

ABSTRACT

Bottie gourd - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - the fruits harvested from a farm localed in Restinga Seca county, were used to evaluate seeds in the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The effect of fruit size on seed physiological quality was studied using seeds from ten large, medium and small bottle gourd fruits. Fruits were characterized by the length, the diameter. the shell thickness, and by the number of seeds. The seeds were characterized by the length, the width, the thickness, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Water fermentation during 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours and dipping in HCl solution by 10, 20, and 30% during 30 minutes were used to compare methods of extracting seeds from medium bottle gourd fruits stored for 60 days. The manual extraction of seeds was considered as the control treatment. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by the germination and the first counting test and averaging time of germination parameters. Results indicated that the size of botlle gourd fruit can be characterized either by the length or the width. Lighter seeds with smaller width and thickness were extracted from smaller fruits. The treatment with HCl solution specially on 20 and 30% concentration was not efficient for the extracting bottle gourd seeds because the cleaning process was more difficult and qffècted negatively seed germination and the vigor. The results show that as the size of the fruits increase the number and weight of seeds also increase without changing the ability to produce normal seedlings. The cleaning process of bottle gourd seeds in HCl solution reduces their vigor. The best period of fermentation of seeds was observed in water at 25°C for 72 hours, however, the period from 48 to 96 hours improved their physiological quality and also facilitated the cleaning process. The bottle gourd seeds germinate in environment with 43.4% of humidity and resonable air temperature, humidity and aeration.


Frutos de porongo - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - colhidos de uma lavoura localizada no município de Restinga Seca, RS, foram utilizados para estudar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes de Produção, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com sementes extraídas de 10 frutos grandes, médios e pequenos. Os frutos foram caracterizados pelo comprimento, diâmentro, espessura de casco e pelo número de sementes; e as sementes foram caracterizadas pelo comprimento, largura, espessura e peso de 1000 sementes. Frutos médios armazenados por 60 dias foram utilizados para comparar métodos de extração de sementes. Os métodos estudados foram: fermentação em água por 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h e imersão em solução de ácido clorídrico (HCl) por 30 min. nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30%. A testemunha consistiu na retirada manual da placenta aderida às sementes. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através do teste de germinação, primeira contagem e tempo médio de germinação. Os resultados indicam que o tamanho de fruto de porongo pode ser caracterizado pelo seu comprimento ou diâmetro. Sementes mais leves, devido a sua menor largura e espessura, foram extraídas de frutos de menor tamanho. O HCl não foi eficiente para a extração de sementes de porongo, pois não facilitou a limpeza e afetou, principalmente nas concentações de 20 e 30%, a germinação e o vigor das sementes. Concluiu-se que quanto maior o porongo maior é o número e peso de suas sementes, sem diferença na capacidade de produzir plântulas normais; a limpeza de sementes de porongo através daimersão em solução contendo HCl reduz o vigor; o melhor tempo de fermentação para as sementes de porongo em água à 25°C é as 72h. no entanto o período de 48 a 96h melhora a qualidade fisiológica, atém de facilitar a limpeza; e as sementes de porongo, em condições favoráveis de temperatura, umidade e aeração. germinam após terem atingido 43,4% de umidade.

7.
Ci. Rural ; 27(1)1997.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-703199

ABSTRACT

Bottie gourd - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - the fruits harvested from a farm localed in Restinga Seca county, were used to evaluate seeds in the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The effect of fruit size on seed physiological quality was studied using seeds from ten large, medium and small bottle gourd fruits. Fruits were characterized by the length, the diameter. the shell thickness, and by the number of seeds. The seeds were characterized by the length, the width, the thickness, and the weight of 1000 seeds. Water fermentation during 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours and dipping in HCl solution by 10, 20, and 30% during 30 minutes were used to compare methods of extracting seeds from medium bottle gourd fruits stored for 60 days. The manual extraction of seeds was considered as the control treatment. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by the germination and the first counting test and averaging time of germination parameters. Results indicated that the size of botlle gourd fruit can be characterized either by the length or the width. Lighter seeds with smaller width and thickness were extracted from smaller fruits. The treatment with HCl solution specially on 20 and 30% concentration was not efficient for the extracting bottle gourd seeds because the cleaning process was more difficult and qffècted negatively seed germination and the vigor. The results show that as the size of the fruits increase the number and weight of seeds also increase without changing the ability to produce normal seedlings. The cleaning process of bottle gourd seeds in HCl solution reduces their vigor. The best period of fermentation of seeds was observed in water at 25°C for 72 hours, however, the period from 48 to 96 hours improved their physiological quality and also facilitated the cleaning process. The bottle gourd seeds germinate in environment with 43.4% of humidity and resonable air temperature, humidity and aeration.


Frutos de porongo - Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl - colhidos de uma lavoura localizada no município de Restinga Seca, RS, foram utilizados para estudar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes de Produção, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com sementes extraídas de 10 frutos grandes, médios e pequenos. Os frutos foram caracterizados pelo comprimento, diâmentro, espessura de casco e pelo número de sementes; e as sementes foram caracterizadas pelo comprimento, largura, espessura e peso de 1000 sementes. Frutos médios armazenados por 60 dias foram utilizados para comparar métodos de extração de sementes. Os métodos estudados foram: fermentação em água por 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120h e imersão em solução de ácido clorídrico (HCl) por 30 min. nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 30%. A testemunha consistiu na retirada manual da placenta aderida às sementes. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através do teste de germinação, primeira contagem e tempo médio de germinação. Os resultados indicam que o tamanho de fruto de porongo pode ser caracterizado pelo seu comprimento ou diâmetro. Sementes mais leves, devido a sua menor largura e espessura, foram extraídas de frutos de menor tamanho. O HCl não foi eficiente para a extração de sementes de porongo, pois não facilitou a limpeza e afetou, principalmente nas concentações de 20 e 30%, a germinação e o vigor das sementes. Concluiu-se que quanto maior o porongo maior é o número e peso de suas sementes, sem diferença na capacidade de produzir plântulas normais; a limpeza de sementes de porongo através daimersão em solução contendo HCl reduz o vigor; o melhor tempo de fermentação para as sementes de porongo em água à 25°C é as 72h. no entanto o período de 48 a 96h melhora a qualidade fisiológica, atém de facilitar a limpeza; e as sementes de porongo, em condições favoráveis de temperatura, umidade e aeração. germinam após terem atingido 43,4% de umidade.

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