[The mortality of children population].

The article presents comprehensive medical statistical analysis of indicators and causes of mortality of children population of the Russian Federation in 2017-2021. It is emphasized that in Russia, in conditions of extremely unfavorable demographic situation, the hyper actual task is to preserve life of every child. It is demonstrated that crucial role in mortality of children population is played by not only infant mortality and mortality of children aged 1-4 years, but also by mortality of children of older ages. The children population mortality still keeps gender and residence differences. The problem of reliable registration of infant mortality is to be revisited since part of newborns born alive are classified after birth as stillborn. Beginning from 2018, the first place was taken by the class "Injuries, poisonings and some other consequences of external causes" driving back the class "Individual conditions occurring in perinatal period". Thus, measures of preventing negative impact of social factors on children health continue to be an important component of modern system of health care of children population. The directions of measures reducing children mortality in Russia are proposed.

[Trends of infant and child mortality in the Russian Federation in the period of 1990-2012].

OBJECTIVE: Dynamics and causes of infant and child mortality in the Russian Federation in post-Soviet period (1990-2012) under conditions of demographic policy implementation and healthcare system reforming are presented. METHODS: Federal State Statistics Service's official statistics data (1990-2012) had been analyzed. The data was compared with similar rates of European Union countries. RESULTS: It's been revealed that infant mortality decreased (more than in 2 times) (from 17.4 per thousand to 8.6 per thousand) through all its level indicators (early neonatal, neonatal, post-neonatal mortality) and due to almost all basic reasons (perinatal disorders, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, congenital anomalies, accidents). Infant mortality rate in rural areas is higher (10.1 per thousand and 8.1 per thousand), however, the gap between rates in rural regions and in cities is decreasing. In Russian Federation the infant mortality has regional distinctions, thus Siberian and Far Eastern regions are the least advantaged areas. Mortality of children under 5y.o. is declining (from 21.3 per thousand to 10.6 per thousand), but its rate is still higher than in European Union countries (3.5 per thousand). External factors occupy the top position as a death cause of infants and toddlers; the number of clinical cases with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm increases. CONCLUSION: Thus, improving of the system of motherhood and childhood protection in the Russian Federation has resulted in significant reduction of infant and child mortality rate.