Sexuality and Religious Ethics: Analysis in a Multicultural University Context.

Sexuality is still perceived by some cultures as a taboo subject. Although there is now a more open attitude towards sexuality, the maintenance of virginity is one of the most concerning issues in some religions. The aim of this research is to investigate the sexual behavior of university students and analyze how culture and religion influence the beliefs and maintenance of virginity in women and men. A mixed methodology was used, involving 355 students in the quantitative design and 18 informants for the qualitative study who took part in two focus groups. The results indicate that religion and the degree of religious practice are predictor variables for the decision to have penetrative sex, with Muslim women and men giving more importance to the maintenance of a woman's virginity. However, this hymen-centric view does not prevent other sexual practices, such as oral and/or anal sex, among young people who wish to maintain their virginity until marriage. Religious ethics continue to influence the sexual behavior of young people today. Therefore, nursing education must address these issues to improve the affective sexual health of the population.

Exercise, Mediterranean Diet Adherence or Both during Pregnancy to Prevent Postpartum Depression-GESTAFIT Trial Secondary Analyses.

Targeting lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy is crucial to prevent the highly prevalent postpartum depression and its consequences. In these secondary analyses of an intervention trial to investigate the effects of concurrent exercise training on postpartum depression, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence on the exercise effects. A total of 85 pregnant women met the per-protocol criteria (exercise n = 46, control n = 39). The exercise program was delivered in 60 min sessions, 3 days/week, from the 17th gestational week until birth. Women's dietary habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The Mediterranean Food Pattern (an MD index) was derived from it to assess MD adherence. We used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess postpartum depression. The postpartum depression score was not statistically different between control and exercise groups (p > 0.05). A higher consumption of fruits (ß = -0.242, p = 0.022), lower intake of red meat and subproducts (ß = 0.244, p = 0.020), and a greater MD adherence (ß = -0.236, p = 0.027) were associated with lower levels of postpartum depression. Greater adherence to the MD during pregnancy was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and a lower risk of postpartum depression. Postnatal depression was not reduced by prenatal exercise. Promoting fruit consumption while controlling the intake of red meat during pregnancy might prevent postnatal depression.

Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Factors in the Non-Formal Context of Basketball Coaches in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Psychological distress and psychosocial factors are studied in the sports context in players of various specialties, but are only little studied with coaches who carry out their work with these athletes; that is where we put the emphasis, trying to determine the perception of coaches on psychological distress and psychosocial risk factors that may influence their sports work in times of a pandemic. It is an ex post facto study with a single-group retrospective design, with a representative sample of 94 coaches out of a possible 109. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and the short version of the ISTAS21 Psychosocial Risk Assessment at Work Questionnaire were adapted to the sports context. The results show that the youngest, those with the least experience and level 1 and level 2 coaches show the highest levels of stress. According to the psychosocial risk assessment, level 1 and 2 coaches, with experience between 6 to 10 years, are in the risk zone. Therefore, it is important to work with a group of coaches who are in the psychosocial risk zone and with high levels of psychological discomfort in order to avoid mental, emotional and physical stress, for the good performance of their work in the best possible conditions.

Validation of a questionnaire on the use of Interactive Response System in Higher Education.

OBJETIVO: this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the students' perception of the use of IRS as a technopedagogical resource in the classroom. METHOD: a 24 items questionnaire (Interactive Response System for the Improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process) was designed ad hoc for this research and applied to 142 university students. RESULTS: both the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis yielded 3 dimensions: classroom environment, teaching-learning processes and learning assessment. The results obtained both in reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.955) and in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (χ2/df=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) reveal highly satisfactory indices. CONCLUSION: statistical analyses confirm that this instrument is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool for professors to evaluate the student perception of student-centred learning.

Analysis of Novel Basketball Coaches: Pedagogical Content Knowledge Using Mixed Methodology.

The aim of this article is to know the role of learning tasks within the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of novel sports coaches in initial stages of sports training of children/young people and their impact on their daily work. Participants are two coaches in their first or second working year. A mixed methodology was used by means of polar coordinates analysis. The results agree with previous studies that established that (1) PCK of novel coaches presents deficits in task selection and modification, (2) motivation is the key factor determining tasks selection process, and (3) they do not know how much time they should dedicate to each task. Even so, better development was found in the PCK of the coaches.

Prejudiced Attitudes of Nursing Students in Southern Spain Toward Migrant Patients.

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the migrant population in Spain has transformed the cultural profile of public health care users. The purpose of this study is to recognize the subtle and blatant prejudices nursing students have toward migrant patients. METHOD: An ex post facto descriptive study, using a transversal design (N = 1,393). RESULTS: Males showed a higher degree of prejudice (p < .05). Students in their first year have more subtle prejudices than those in their fourth year (p < .005). Blatant prejudice increases from the first year to the fourth year of the degree program (p < .05). Regarding context, there were differences found between subtle and blatant prejudice (both, p < .05), as students in areas with high migratory pressure showed more prejudiced attitudes toward migrant patients. DISCUSSION: Students display subtle prejudices, which is why education in culturally congruent health care must be integrated across all levels of nursing education, with the objective of diminishing prejudice against the migrant population.

The Influence of Training in Cross-Culturalism on Future Nurses: Can Education Change Prejudiced Attitudes Toward Migrants?

INTRODUCTION: Increased migration may lead to an increase in prejudiced attitudes in the host population, which may affect the nursing care provided to this group. OBJECTIVES: To identify the attitudes of nursing students toward Moroccan patients and to analyze whether changes in attitude toward this population have taken place after completing a course on cross-culturalism. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design with a single group and pretest/posttest measurements. The sample consisted of 116 nursing students. RESULTS: There were significant differences after receiving the course on cross-culturalism, with a more positive influence on students who exhibited the most negative attitudes in the pretest phase. DISCUSSION: Nursing students have negative attitudes toward the Moroccan population as do the rest of the host population, but these attitudes improve after their training in the course on cross-culturalism.

Validation of a questionnaire on the use of Interactive Response System in Higher Education / Validação do questionário sobre a utilização de Dispositivos Móveis Interativos no Ensino Superior / Validación del cuestionario sobre uso de Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta en la Educación Superior

Objetivo: this study aims to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the students' perception of the use of IRS as a technopedagogical resource in the classroom. Method: a 24 items questionnaire (Interactive Response System for the Improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process) was designed ad hoc for this research and applied to 142 university students. Results: both the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis yielded 3 dimensions: classroom environment, teaching-learning processes and learning assessment. The results obtained both in reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.955) and in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (χ2/df=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) reveal highly satisfactory indices. Conclusion: statistical analyses confirm that this instrument is a valid, reliable, and easy-to-apply tool for professors to evaluate the student perception of student-centred learning.

Objetivo: o presente estudo visa conceber e validar um instrumento para medir a percepção dos estudantes universitários sobre a utilização dos Dispositivos Móveis Interativos (MIR) como recurso tecnológico-pedagógico na sala de aula. Método: foi aplicado o questionário "Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta para la Mejora del Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje", criado ad hoc para esta investigação, composto por 24 itens e aplicado a 142 estudantes universitários. Resultados: tanto a análise fatorial exploratória quanto a confirmatória desembocam em 3 dimensões: ambiente de sala de aula, processos de ensino-aprendizagem e avaliação. Os resultados obtidos tanto na confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach 0,955) como na análise fatorial confirmatória (χ2/gl=1,944, CFI=0,97; GFI=0,78; RMR=0,077; RMSEA=0,08) produzem índices altamente satisfatórios. Conclusão: análises estatísticas mostram que este instrumento é válido, confiável e fácil de aplicar para os professores avaliarem a experiência estudantil de aprendizagem centrada no aluno.

Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo diseñar y validar un cuestionario que permita medir la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios del uso de los MIR como recurso tecnopedagógico en el aula. Método: se aplicó el cuestionario Mandos Interactivos de Respuesta para la Mejora del Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje, creado ad hoc para esta investigación, que está formado por 24 ítems, aplicado a 142 estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: tanto el análisis factorial exploratorio como el confirmatorio arrojan tres dimensiones: ambiente de clase, los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos tanto en la fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach 0.955) como en el análisis factorial confirmatorio (χ2/gl=1.944, CFI=0.97; GFI=0.78; RMR=0.077; RMSEA=0.08) arrojan índices altamente satisfactorios. Conclusión: los análisis estadísticos muestran que este instrumento es una herramienta válida, fiable y de fácil aplicación para el docente que le permitirá evaluar la experiencia del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante.

Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students.

The worldwide pandemic situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a state of confinement of the population, which has caused, following consulted research, an increase in stress. Faced with this situation, the Spanish university not only had to adapt to the changes derived from the causes of the pandemic but also had to face a new methodological model-e-learning teaching-for which not all teachers and students were prepared. This could cause an increase in stress due to the uncertainty caused by this time of change. This research analyzes the relationship between perceived self-efficacy in the confinement period and the level of trait anxiety (TA) and state anxiety (SA) during COVID-19. Four hundred twenty-seven students from the University of Granada (Spain) participated in this study. The adaptation of two scales that measure perceived academic self-efficacy and anxiety (TA and SA) has been applied. The results indicated that there was an inversely proportional relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy; men showed the highest perception of self-efficacy, while women had higher scores in TA and SA; the latter was accentuated in cases when a relative died. To conclude, students who show a higher level of anxiety (TA and SA) express more negative emotions and also perceive themselves with less academic self-efficacy. Therefore, a stressful situation (pandemic and confinement) together with a critical event (illness and death of a relative/friend due to COVID-19) increases anxiety levels and influences the perception of academic self-efficacy.

Influence of Dietary Habits and Mediterranean Diet Adherence on Sleep Quality during Pregnancy. The GESTAFIT Project.

We examined the association of the dietary habits and the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence with sleep quality during pregnancy. A food frequency questionnaire and the Mediterranean Food Pattern were employed to assess dietary habits and MD adherence, respectively. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score (n = 150; mean age 32.9 ± 4.6 years). A higher consumption of fruits was associated with better sleep quality at the 16th gestational week (g.w.; p < 0.05). A greater olive oil consumption and a higher MD adherence were associated with better sleep quality at the 16th and 34th g.w. (all, p < 0.05). Contrarily, a higher red meat and subproducts consumption was associated with worse sleep quality at the 34th g.w. (p < 0.05). The group with the highest adherence to the MD (Tertile 3) showed better sleep quality than the group with the lowest adherence (Tertile 1) at the 16th and 34th g.w. (both, p < 0.05). A higher adherence to the MD, a greater intake of fruits and olive oil and a lower intake of red meat and subproducts were associated with better sleep quality along the pregnancy course, especially among sedentary women.

[Analysis of nursing student prejudices towards the migrant population]. / Análisis de los prejuicios del alumnado de enfermería hacia la población migrante.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nursing students have subtle or blatant prejudices towards migrants. METHOD: A descriptive ex post facto study was conducted. The sample consisted of 282 students and the study variables were sex, cultural origin, age, year, and contact with migrants. The Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale was used. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the culture variable, with students of Berber origin and of Muslim faith showing less prejudice than those of European origin and of Christian faith. Fourth-year students had the most blatant prejudices. According to the variable contact with migrants, it is the students who have not had contact with this group who have the greatest blatant prejudices. CONCLUSION: Nursing students have more subtle prejudices rather than blatant prejudices towards the migrant population.

Estereotipos de género y práctica de actividad física / Estereótipos de gênero e prática de atividade física / Gender stereotypes and the practice of physical activity

Los objetivos de esta investigación se centran en analizar los estereotipos de género en la actividad física y los motivos de su práctica/no práctica, en 2105, en estudiantes de enseñanza no universitaria. Los resultados indican que los chicos presentan ideas más estereotipadas sobre el binomio mujer/deporte y actividad física, variando en función de la etapa educativa. En cuanto a la práctica de actividad física, son los chicos los que realizan más horas de actividad física a la semana (de 3 a 6) frente a las chicas (de 1 a 2), donde los motivos son asociados a salud, rendimiento y aspectos sociales

Os objetivos desta investigação estão centrados na análise dos estereótipos de gênero para a atividade física e os motivos da sua prática/não prática, em 2015, em estudantes de ensino não universitário. Os resultados indicam que os meninos mostram ideias mais estereotipadas sobre o binômio mulher/desporte e atividade física, mudando em função da etapa educativa. Quanto à prática da atividade física, são os meninos os que realizam mais horas de atividade física por semana (de 3 a 6) em relação às meninas (de 1 a 2), sendo os motivos associados a saúde, rendimento e aspectos sociais

This study analyzes gender stereotypes about physical activity and the reasons for practicing/not practicing it among 2105 non-university students. The results indicate that boys hold more stereotyped views about the woman/sport and physical activity binomial, which vary according to their educational stage. Boys practice more hours of physical activity a week (3-6) compared to girls (1-2), for reasons of health, social issues, and performance

Enfermería Transcultural. Formación de los futuros profesionales de Enfermería en España / Transcultural Nursing. Training of future Nursing professionals in Spain

Objetivo principal: conocer las Facultades de Enfermería que en España se imparte la asignatura de Enfermería Transcultural o similar, así como saber si son asignaturas obligatorias u optativas. Metodología: Revisión de los planes de estudios de las Universidades españolas donde se imparte la titulación de Enfermería. Resultados principales: De las Universidades examinadas, el 63% de las titulaciones de Enfermería ofrece formación específica en Enfermería Transcultural. Conclusión principal: No existe un compromiso firme desde el ámbito académico en Enfermería en la formación transcultural de los futuros profesionales de enfermería

Objective: Know what Faculties of Nursing in Spain are teaching Transcultural Nursing or similar subjetcs, as well as knowing if they are compulsory or optional subjects. Methods: Review of the curricula of the Spanish Universities where the Nursing degree is taught. Results: Results obtained show that only a 63% of Nursing degrees offers specific training in Transcultural Nursing. Conclusions: There is no firm commitment in Nursing degrees about cross-cultural training of future nursing professionals

The nursing department's view towards moroccan patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the Melilla Hospital Nursing Department's attitude towards Moroccan patients. METHOD: Descriptive ex post facto study. A questionnaire has been handed over to staff, on the Immigration Attitude Scale for Nursing. RESULTS: In general, nurses exhibit negative attitudes towards Moroccan patients, such as: the increase in crime is caused by the arrival of immigrants, those who commit offenses must be expelled from Spain, they take advantage of the Spanish health system and too many resources are devoted to immigration. The worst-rated immigrants are the Moroccans, considering that they do not pay much attention to their personal hygiene and do not adapt to their host countries. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to work with the nursing staff to change these attitudes. Future degree students must be trained in cultural skills and the care of immigrants will improve with a greater commitment towards cultural differences. OBJETIVO: Conocer la actitud de enfermería del Hospital de Melilla hacia los pacientes marroquíes. MÉTODO: Estudio ex post facto descriptivo. Se ha pasado un cuestionario de Escala de Actitud ante la Inmigración para Enfermería. RESULTADOS: En general las enfermeras presentan actitudes negativas ante los pacientes marroquíes, como: el aumento de la delincuencia es provocado por la llegada de inmigrantes, los que delinquen deben ser expulsados de España, se aprovechan del sistema sanitario y se dedican demasiados recursos para la inmigración. Los inmigrantes peores valorados son los marroquíes, considerando que son pocos cuidadosos con su higiene personal y no se adaptan a los países de acogida. CONCLUSIÓN: Es necesario trabajar con el personal de enfermería para que cambien estas actitudes. Las futuras promociones de Grado deben estar formadas en competencias culturales y mejorarán los cuidados a los inmigrantes como un mayor compromiso con la diferencia cultural.

The nursing department`s view towards moroccan patients / Visão de enfermagem em relação ao coletivo de pacientes marroquinos / Visión de enfermería hacia el colectivo de pacientes marroquíes

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine the Melilla Hospital Nursing Department’s attitude towards Moroccan patients. METHOD Descriptive ex post facto study. A questionnaire has been handed over to staff, on the Immigration Attitude Scale for Nursing. RESULTS In general, nurses exhibit negative attitudes towards Moroccan patients, such as: the increase in crime is caused by the arrival of immigrants, those who commit offenses must be expelled from Spain, they take advantage of the Spanish health system and too many resources are devoted to immigration. The worst-rated immigrants are the Moroccans, considering that they do not pay much attention to their personal hygiene and do not adapt to their host countries. CONCLUSION It is necessary to work with the nursing staff to change these attitudes. Future degree students must be trained in cultural skills and the care of immigrants will improve with a greater commitment towards cultural differences.

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer a atitude do pessoal de enfermagem do Hospital de Melilla em relação aos pacientes marroquinos. MÉTODO Estudo ex post facto descritivo. Foi aplicado um questionário de Escala de Atitudes perante a Imigração para Enfermagem. RESULTADOS Em geral, as enfermeiras apresentaram atitudes negativas diante dos pacientes marroquinos, como considerar que o aumento da delinquência seja provocado pela chegada de imigrantes e que os transgressores devam ser expulsos da Espanha. Que eles se aproveitam do sistema sanitário e que são destinados recursos demais para a imigração. Os imigrantes mais mal avaliados são os marroquinos, considerando-se que são muito pouco cuidadosos com sua higiene pessoal e os que menos se adaptam aos países anfitriões. CONCLUSÃO É necessário trabalhar com o pessoal de enfermagem com vistas a modificar essas atitudes. As graduações devem estar vinculadas à formação em competências culturais para que se melhore os cuidados aos imigrantes, como um maior compromisso com a diferença cultural.

Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer la actitud de enfermería del Hospital de Melilla hacia los pacientes marroquíes. MÉTODO Estudio ex post facto descriptivo. Se ha pasado un cuestionario de Escala de Actitud ante la Inmigración para Enfermería. RESULTADOS En general las enfermeras presentan actitudes negativas ante los pacientes marroquíes, como: el aumento de la delincuencia es provocado por la llegada de inmigrantes, los que delinquen deben ser expulsados de España, se aprovechan del sistema sanitario y se dedican demasiados recursos para la inmigración. Los inmigrantes peores valorados son los marroquíes, considerando que son pocos cuidadosos con su higiene personal y no se adaptan a los países de acogida. CONCLUSIÓN Es necesario trabajar con el personal de enfermería para que cambien estas actitudes. Las futuras promociones de Grado deben estar formadas en competencias culturales y mejorarán los cuidados a los inmigrantes como un mayor compromiso con la diferencia cultural.