Immunolocalization of nestin, mesothelin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in developing and adult serous membranes and mesotheliomas.

The spatial and temporal distribution of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), mesothelin and nestin was immunohistochemically analyzed in developing and adult human serous membranes and mesotheliomas in order to detect possible differences in the course of mesenchymal to epithelial transformation, which is associated with differentiation of mesothelial cells during normal development and tumorigenesis. Pleura and pericardium developing from the visceral mesoderm gradually transform into mesothelial cells and connective tissue. EMA appeared in mesothelium of both serous membranes during the early fetal period, whereas during further development, EMA expression was retained only in the pericardial mesothelium. It increased in both pleural mesothelium and connective tissue. Mesothelin appeared first in pericardial submesothelial cells and later in surface mesothelium, while in pleura it was immediately localized in mesothelium. In adult serous membranes, EMA and mesothelin were predominantly expressed in mesothelium. Nestin never appeared in mesothelium, but in connective tissues and myocardial cells and subsequently decreased during development, apart from in the walls of blood vessels. Mesothelial cells in the two serous membranes developed in two separate developmental pathways. We speculate that submesothelial pericardial and mesothelial pleural cells might belong to a population of stem cells. In epithelioid mesotheliomas, 13% of cells expressed nestin, 39% EMA and 7% mesothelin.

Tuberculous orchiepididymitis diagnosed by nucleic acid amplification test: a case report.

Symptoms of tuberculous orchiepididymitis in a 39-year-old male started with swelling of left scrotum, followed by fistula formation with suppurative discharge. There was no any improvement produced by antibiotics. Surgical extirpation of inflammatory destroyed testicle and epidydimis was performed. Presence of tubercle bacilli was not shown by bacteriological analysis of testicle tissue. Tuberculous etiology was suggested after histopathological examination of testis and epididymis. Exudate from surgical wound was examined on presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA. Etiology of orchiepididymitis was proved by positive assay and inflammatory process was completely cured by antituberculotics therapy. By this report it was clearly shown that sometimes only molecular methods could confirm etiology of inflammatory process.