ABSTRACT
Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disease, and the subtype of Burkitt lymphoma presenting as a sole CNS lesion is an even rarer diagnosis. Acute sudden blindness is a rare presenting symptom of PCNSL or NHL in general. We present an interesting case of a four-year-old boy with dysmorphic features whose visual examination showed a sudden bilateral loss of vision. There was bilateral eye proptosis and complete ptosis. Extraocular muscles were fixed straight. The pupils were fixed and mid dilated bilaterally and there was grade 3/4 papilledema in both eyes. Neuroimaging showed a mass in the base of the skull, extending to orbits and sinuses. A cervical biopsy of the enlarged lymph nodes was taken and a histopathological diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma was made. Genetic analysis showed a GNB1 mutation, and the patient was diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome by a pediatrician, based on characteristic dysmorphic features. Treatment with steroids and chemotherapy was initiated.
ABSTRACT
Background Pterygium is an important public health problem. The prevalence rates of this disease varies widely from 1.2% to 23.4%. Aim To determine the prevalence rates and the associated risk factors of pterygium in the high-altitude area - Ta'if city, Saudi Arabia. Material and method A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2018 till September 2019 at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics of King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital, Ta'if area. Results Prevalence rate of pterygium in the high-altitude area, Ta'if city, Saudi Arabia was 2.4%. It is significantly higher in older patients belonging to the age group of more than 40 years. As for gender, it was significantly higher in male patients compared to females (2.6% vs. 1.9%). Pterygium prevalence was significantly higher among patients with outdoor occupations compared to indoor occupations (2.9% vs. 2.1%), and among patients with sunlight exposure during daily activities for more than 5 hours (2.6% vs. 2%) (p =< 0.05). Conclusion The overall incidence of pterygium in Al-Ta'if area, Saudi Arabia, was 2.4% but still lower than overall worldwide incidence (10.2%). There was an increased incidence of pterygium with age, high-altitude areas, rural areas, outdoor occupations, which is directly proportional to dose of sunlight exposure. Furthermore, smoking might be reported as a protective factor against pterygium.