Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Coronary artery disease constitutes a critical public health issue due to its widespread prevalence, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems and posing considerable challenges to the well-being of the population. Limited recent data on coronary artery disease awareness in Saudi Arabia underscores the need for updated information to inform preventive programs. Methodology A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from August 2021 to October 2022, targeting individuals aged 18 and above in Saudi Arabia. The online survey collected demographic data and assessed knowledge and awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors. A scoring system categorized participants as possessing high, medium, or low levels of awareness and knowledge. Data analysis involved a multivariable regression approach to explore associations. Results The study included a total of 1,409 participants, representing a diverse demographic distribution. Knowledge scores revealed 70.3% high, 27.4% medium, and 2.3% low levels, while awareness scores showed 59.9% high, 32.9% medium, and 7.2% low levels. The study identified significant associations between knowledge scores and gender (p = 0.003) and age (p = 0.001). Similarly, awareness scores demonstrated associations with gender (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003), educational qualification (p = 0.036), and occupation (p = 0.001). These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of factors influencing awareness and knowledge levels. Conclusions The study highlights a strong foundation of knowledge and awareness among the Saudi population regarding coronary artery disease risk factors, indicating a positive starting point for preventive initiatives. However, targeted programs addressing regional variations and enhancing knowledge are recommended to improve early detection and treatment of coronary artery disease risk factors.

Exploring Integrative Approaches: Insights Into Complementary Medicine Practices Among Breast Cancer Survivors in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: Complementary and integrative medicine (CAM) is a prevalent approach often used with conventional medical practices The study aims to understand the factors influencing breast cancer (BC) survivors' decisions regarding CAM therapy and the drivers behind their use. SETTING: This research was conducted at an academic hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study used cross-sectional research with a questionnaire. Participants were enrolled in the study through BC survivors' groups on WhatsApp. Individuals who were actively following up at the clinic were also interviewed. Informed consent was obtained. RESULTS: The study surveyed 211 BC survivors, aged 34-49 (50.2%), who had undergone surgery (93.4%), hormonal therapy (66.4%), and chemotherapy (87.7%). Less than half (44.5%) had chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. CAM users were 43.6%. The most used CAM modalities were Zamzam water, honey, and water read-upon Quran. A significant motivator for CAM use was to boost the immune system. More than half of patients used less than 100 SAR per month on CAM modalities. Exactly 80.4% of CAM users perceived benefits from CAM use. Predictors of CAM use included higher family monthly income, radiation therapy, and being diagnosed from 1 to 5 years. BC survivors without medical conditions after diagnosis were less likely to use CAM. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the prevalence, predictive factors, motivations, and perceived benefits of CAM use among BC survivors in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for understanding and integration into cancer care plans and the need for further research on CAM safety and efficacy.

The prevalence and risk factors for hiatal hernia among patients undergoing endoscopy: A retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hiatal hernia (HH) and its association with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: We retrospectively included patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at an academic tertiary care hospital. Data were collected on the presence of HH as well as patient demographics including age, gender, and BMI. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done to determine risk factors for HH. RESULTS: A total of 2805 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 48.6 (±18.6) years and males constituted 28.8% of the study population. The mean BMI was 29.7 (±8.6) kg/m². The prevalence of HH was 29.8% among all patients and 48.6% among those who underwent EGD for gastroesophageal reflux disease-related indications. There was no significant association between HH and female gender (OR 1.04, 95%CI: 0.88 -1.26, p=0.53), older age (OR 0.77, 95%CI: 0.72 - 1.06, p=0.19) or BMI (OR 1.07, 95%CI: 0.9 - 1.2, p=0.39). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HH was 28.9% based on this large endoscopy-based population. We found no association between HH and gender, age, or BMI.

Predictors and Outcome of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

BACKGROUND: Shunt infection critically affects approximately 8-10% of all inserted shunts, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the clinical and laboratory factors associated with shunt infection and outcomes in patients treated for hydrocephalus. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery for hydrocephalus between January 2015 and June 2018. The primary outcome was the development of shunt infection following VPS surgery. Records were reviewed, and variables were analyzed, including patients' demographics, perioperative laboratory and shunt data, and outcomes. The patients had five years of follow-up from surgery, including a minimum of two years from the onset of VPS infection. RESULTS: A total of 132 shunts were inserted in 103 patients with a mean age of 2 years (range; 2 days to 73 years), and 53.4% were males. Twenty-two patients were suspected of having VPS infection (16.7% per procedure); only six (4.5%) had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detected organisms. Patients with preoperative hemoglobin, white blood cells, and serum glucose within normal values had a lower shunt infection rate. The pediatric population had an elevated risk of VPS infection, particularly those who underwent surgery at a younger age than 7.5 months, weighed less than 10 Kg, and were associated with myelomeningocele. in addition, a shorter surgery time of less than 82 min, single surgeon, and operating room of fewer than four attendees are associated with lower risk of VPS infection. CONCLUSION: We emphasize that early identification and modifications of the risk factors can minimize the probability of developing VPS infection and improve patients outcome.

A Giant Hepatic Hemangioma Presenting With Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report.

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors found in the liver. Herein, we present a case of a giant hepatic hemangioma (>4 cm) complicated by bilateral pulmonary embolism originating from the inferior vena cava thrombus with clinical and radiological features of portal hypertension. A 52-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of our institution with a history of blackouts. She underwent an extensive workup for potential causes of syncope, and a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism was detected. On examination, the patient was conscious, and her vital signs were within normal ranges. Abdominal examination revealed massive ascites and irregular nodular hepatomegaly without splenomegaly. Laboratory test results revealed normal liver function. The patient had elevated D-dimer levels. The serum-ascites albumin gradient was not elevated. Tumor marker levels were all within the normal range, and autoimmune profile results and test results for thrombophilia markers were negative. Abdominopelvic CT demonstrated hepatomegaly and a giant fungating chronic hepatic hemangioma occupying the right lobe along with an infrarenal inferior vena cava thrombus. The patient was discharged and prescribed a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin and diuretics. As the patient was not a candidate for resection due to the large hemangioma size and invasion of the liver tissue, she was referred to another center for a liver transplant. Hepatic hemangiomas are benign lesions and are usually managed conservatively since surgical intervention is controversial and is reserved for symptomatic or complicated cases. With an anatomically challenging lesion, enucleation/resection could not be achieved, and liver transplantation was the best achievable option.