Antimicrobial resistance: A round table discussion on the "One Health" concept from the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Part One: A focus on Leadership.

The threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has attracted the highest level of attention after the United Nation (UN) General Assembly's High Level meeting on AMR in 2016. During that meeting a temporary committee, the inter agency coordination group (IACG) [1] was formulated, under the chairmanship of the Director General of the World Health Organization (DG-WHO) and the UN Deputy Secretary General. The IACG group was tasked to link, guide and advise on political steps needed to address and mitigate the emergence of AMR globally [2]. Efforts to combat AMR, however, have previously been developed prior to this initiative by several decades. Yet, the emergence of resistance continues to be on the rise. The Gulf Cooperation Council Center for Infection Control (GCC-IC) was been established in 2005 and has made major efforts to address all aspects related to human infection control in the member countries. Many of which have been reached. In 2015, the board was able to draft through its multidisciplinary meeting the first roadmap for the counties on this issue [3]. Two years later a follow-up meeting took place in Riyadh on April 2017. Regional and international experts joined in to share and contribute to the understanding of AMR and to advise on further steps needed for this initiative. We dedicated 3 papers on this meeting. The first paper is to provide an update on progress form the GCC countries and further steps that need to be taken, (in press). The second paper is part one out of two round table discussions. The first round table discussion paper, which is the current paper, addresses AMR and the "One Health" concept with a focus on leadership. The second round table discussion paper addresses AMR and the "One Health" concept with a focus on human health [4].

Hepatic artery aneurysm associated with prune belly syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

Potentially life threatening when they rupture, hepatic artery aneurysms (HAAs) are uncommon and diagnosed at the fifth to sixth decade of life. HAAs are the second most common splanchnic aneurysms after the ones that involve the splenic artery and are more predominant in men than in women with a ratio of 3 to 2. Usually, HAAs are associated with inflammation or traumas to the arteries of the liver. Among the former group, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and collagen vascular disease are the most common, whereas liver biopsy or other radiologic interventions (ie, percutaneous abscess drainage) are frequent iatrogenic causes. HAAs are discovered incidentally in most cases, but some patients can present with intraperitoneal bleeding and hypovolemic shock. The etiology of prune belly syndrome (PBS) is poorly understood, but new evidence suggests that it is caused by mesodermal delay during the fetal development because of an intrauterine injury. We present a case of HAA in a young individual affected by PBS. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the existence of these 2 rare conditions in a single patient. We hypothesize that the mesodermal abnormality that involves PBS might be a rare cause of HAA.