Immunohistochemical Expression of HBME-1 and TROP-2 in Some Follicular-Derived Thyroid Lesions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Detecting thyroid tumors depends on histologic characteristics. However, distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid abnormalities may be challenging and contentious, particularly in tumors with a follicular appearance. Therefore, immunohistochemistry might be useful and essential. Immunohistochemical biomarkers, such as human trophoblast cell surface antigen (TROP) and Hector Battifora Mesothelial-1 (HBME-1), have helped diagnose thyroid cancers. In addition, mesothelial cells have an antigen called HBME-1 on their membranes, but its role is unclear. Thyroid epithelial neoplasms have lately been studied, and TROP-2 is a helpful marker of these tumors. Recently, researchers have explored HBME-1 upregulation in benign and malignant thyroid tumors. This research aimed to show that the immunohistochemical biomarkers TROP-2 and HBME-1 might be employed to distinguish malignant from benign follicular-derived thyroid lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research consisted of 50 specimens of various follicular thyroid lesions. From October 2018 to March 2021, blocks of follicular thyroid lesions and clinical information were collected from the Pathology Departments of Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Additionally, the HBME-1 and TROP-2 antigens were stained immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Expression of TROP-2 along with HBME-1 distinguished benign from malignant follicular-derived thyroid lesions with respective sensitivities of 74.2 and 87.1% and specificities of 84.2 and 78.9%. Furthermore, positive HBME-1 expression was significantly less prevalent in benign lesions (15.8%) than in malignant lesions (74.2%) (P-value <0.001). Moreover, positive TROP-2 expression was significantly lower in benign lesions (21.1%) than in malignant lesions (87.1%) (P-value <0.001). The P value of <0.001 indicated an extremely strong positive correlation between HBME-1 and TROP-2 expression across all instances investigated. CONCLUSION: With high sensitivity and specificity, both HBME-1 and TROP-2 are beneficial in identifying thyroid cancer, particularly papillary carcinoma, and separating malignant follicular-derived thyroid lesions from benign ones.

HER2/neu expression status of post BCG recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinomas in relation to their primary ones.

BACKGROUND: Transurethral resection (TUR) followed by adjuvant therapy is still the treatment of choice of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (NMIBUC). However, recurrence is one of the most troublesome features of these lesions. Early second resection and adjuvant BCG therapy has been shown to improve the outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of C-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) expression status in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma cases, before and after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG immunotherapy). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HER2/neu expression was studied in 120 (Ta-T1) Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma cases. The expression was evaluated and compared to the expression after Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. RESULTS: HER2/neu expression in low and high grade of the Non- Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma was (38%) and (83%) respectively. The difference of the expression rates by tumor grade was statistically significant. In recurring lesions post BCG therapy, C-erbB-2 expression was markedly decreased (31.6%) when compared to its expression before therapy (65%). CONCLUSIONS: The HER2/neu expression increased as the tumor grade rose. The reduction in expression following BCG treatment in Non-Invasive transitional cell carcinoma cases could reflect a reduction of the potential malignancy of the tumor.