Investigation of neutron and gamma radiation protective characteristics of synthesized quinoline derivatives.

PURPOSE: Quinoline is formed by various natural compounds, such as alkaloids from the cinchona plant, which exhibit various biological activities, and is an important building material for the development of new drugs. Quinoline can be used in anti-radiation drug development but radiation interaction properties must be determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, six types of synthesized quinoline derivatives were used. Fast neutron removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined by using GEometry ANd Tracking 4 and FLUktuierende KAskade simulation codes for neutron shielding. Neutron dose absorption rates were determined using the 241Am-Be fast neutron source and the Canberra NP series portable BF3 gas proportional neutron detector. Gamma radiation shielding parameters were determined by using WinXCom and PSY-X/PSD software. Additionally, the genotoxic potentials of the derivatives were assessed by using the Ames/Salmonella bacterial reversion assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Neutron shielding parameters such as removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined for fast neutrons. To determine neutron absorption capacity of quinoline derivatives, neutron absorption, experiments were conducted. In addition, gamma radiation shielding parameters were calculated such as the mean free path (MFP), mass attenuation coefficient (µt), half value thickness layer (HVL) and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The results of the all quinoline derivatives have excellent fast neutron shielding power compared to ordinary concrete. In addition, all quinoline derivatives have been found to have the capacity to attenuate gamma radiation. Moreover, they absorb well in both types of radiation, do not cause secondary radiation, and they are genotoxically safe at the tested concentrations. This study has demonstrated that these products can be used as active ingredients for a drug to be developed against radiation.

L-shell differential cross-section and alignment of uranium at 59.54-keV photon energy.

L X-ray differential cross-sections of uranium were calculated at several polar scattering angles (85°, 95°, 105°, 115°, 125°, and 135°) at 59.54-keV photon energy by using a Si(Li) detector. We observed that Ll and Lα X-rays were dependent on the polar scattering angle, whereas Lß and Lγ X-rays were independent of the polar scattering angle. Therefore, the anisotropy parameters for Ll and Lα X-rays were obtained using the intensity ratios of Ll to Lγ X-rays and of Lα to Lγ X-rays to reduce some systematic errors.

Effect of external magnetic field on the Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of TixNi1-x alloys excited by 59.54 and 22.69keV photons.

The effects of external magnetic field and exciting photon energies on the Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of various alloy compositions of Ti-Ni transition metal alloys have been investigated in this work using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectrum of characteristic K-X-ray photons from pure Ti, pure Ni and TixNi1-x (x=0.30; 0.40; 0.50; 0.60; 0.70) alloys were detected with a high resolution Si (Li) solid-state detector. Firstly, Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of pure Ti, pure Ni and TixNi1-x alloys were measured following excitation by 59.54keV γ-rays from a 200mCi (241)Am radioactive point source without any magnetic field and under 0.5 and 1T external magnetic fields, separately. Later, the same measurements were repeated under the same experimental conditions for 22.69keV X-rays from a 370 MBq(1)(0)(9)Cd radioactive point source. The results obtained for Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of pure Ti, pure Ni, Ti and Ni in various Ti-Ni alloys were evaluated in terms of both external magnetic field effect and exciting photon energy effect. When the results obtained for both exciting photon energies are evaluated in terms of changing of Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios depending on the alloy composition, the tendency of these changes are observed to be similar. Also, Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios for all samples examined have changed with increasing external magnetic field. Therefore, the results obtained have shown that Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Ti and Ni in TixNi1-x alloys are connected with the external magnetic field. The present study makes it possible to perform reliable interpretation of experimental Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios for Ti, Ni and TixNi1-x alloys and can also provide quantitative information about the changes of the Kß/Kα X-ray intensity ratios of these metals with alloy composition.

Effect of external magnetic field on valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in Invar, Permalloy and the other Fe-Ni alloys by using Kß-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios.

The effect of external magnetic field on the valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in various Fe-Ni alloy compositions was investigated by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Firstly, Kß-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios of Fe and Ni in Invar (Fe0.64Ni0.36), Permalloy (Fe0.20Ni0.80) and FexNi1-x (x=0, 0.40, 0.52, 0.55, 0.61, and 1) alloys were measured without any magnetic field and under 0.5 and 1T external magnetic fields, separately. Later, the valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in both pure form and alloys were obtained by comparison of measured X-ray intensity ratios with the results of multi-configurations Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations. The results obtained for valence-electron structures of Fe and Ni in various Fe-Ni alloys were evaluated in terms of magnetic field effect, delocalization and/or charge transfer phenomena. The results have shown that valence electron structure of Fe and Ni in Fe-Ni alloys are dependent on both external magnetic field and concentration of alloy elements.