SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF HBV ANTIGEN AND ANTI-HCV AMONG GENERAL POPULATION IN A RURAL LOCAL IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.

Background: HBV and HCV infections are a significant public health issue in developing countries with weak healthcare systems, high poverty rates, illiteracy, low HBV immunization coverage, and low public health education. A study assessed the sero epidemiology of HBV antigen, anti- HCV markers, biochemical and heamatological indices of 559 participants in Dambam local government during hepatitis day. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess demographic information and risk factors. Rapid latex immunochromtographic kits were used for HBV, HCV, and HBV Combo serological markers, with positive and negative control included in each batch analysis. Descriptive statistics analysis was conducted on the data. Results: The 559 study participants, had a mean age of 35.5+10.9years, majority within the age- group, 18-39years 279(49.04%), female accounted for 291(52.1%) compared to male 268(47.9), educational background, tertiary 244(43.6%), married, 356(68.7%) and student were 254(45.4%). Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 10.7%, serological markers as follows, HbsAb 1.7%, HbeAg 13.3%, HbeAb 60.0% HbcAb 95.0% and Anti-HCV of 3.4%. Gender breakdown(M vs F) of HBV(13.4% vs 8.2%) and HCV(3.0% vs 3.8%). Significant association was observed in the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV with age-group, gender, marital status and occupation(<0.05). No significant difference was observed with the risk factors of HBV and HCV. Biochemical and heamatological indices showed a significant difference between seropositive and negative study participants(<0.05). Conclusion: The study's findings affirmed the endemicity of HBV infection and the increasing trend of HCV infection in Bauchi state, posing serious public health concerns. HBV serological markers suggest a low HBV immunization coverage rate and exposure of participants to the viral etiology in the community. Strengthening immunization coverage and population-based surveillance is strategic in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in Bauchi state.

UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENDOSCOPY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATIONS AND FINDINGS AT ATBUTH BAUCHI.

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is considered a safe procedure performed for diagnosis, monitoring the course of disease, early detection of complications, treatment, and responses to therapeutic intervention. The indications have increased over the years. This study aimed to analyse the indications, findings, and safety of UGI endoscopy in our environment. Methodology: A retrospective study of consecutive patients who had UGI endoscopy at ATBUTH over the period of two years (2014 -2016). Data extracted from the records of the patients including biodata, clinical presentation, indications, findings, and complications of the procedure was analyzed using SSPS version 26. The procedure was explained to each patient. After a spray of 10% xylocaine spray to the patient's pharynx, the procedure was carried out with an Olympus CV-170 machine using standard protocols and monitoring of vital signs throughout. Results: Two hundred and fifty-two patients were included, 148 (58.7%) males, 104 (41.3%) females, age range of 17-85 years (mean age ± SD = 44.1 ± 15.2). The commonest indications were dyspepsia 160 (63.5%). Hematemesis 32 (12.7%), suspicion for gastric 9(3.6%), and oesophageal tumours 6(2.4%) were also indications. The most common finding was gastritis 67 (26.6%). There was increased detection of gastric 11(4.4%) and oesophageal tumours 8(3.2%) more than clinical acumen and in elderly patients with troublesome symptoms. None of the patients developed complications from the procedure. Conclusions: UGI endoscopy is a safe procedure, and detects gastric and oesophageal tumours more accurately than clinical acumen and is recommended in all patients with troublesome upper GI symptoms.

Hypertension-related admissions and outcome in a tertiary hospital in northeast Nigeria.

Cardiovascular disease has reached near epidemic proportion in sub-Saharan Africa, and systemic hypertension (SH) remains the driver of cardiovascular complications. We studied hypertension-related admissions and their outcome at the Abubaker Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi, Northeast Nigeria. Records of all patients admitted into the medical wards between 1st November 2010 and 31st October 2011 were studied, and case files of those managed for SH complications were selected for detailed examination. Of the total 3108 admissions, 735 (23.7%) were hypertension related. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 167.4 ± 18.2 and 98.6 ± 13.5, respectively, at presentation. Although, hypertension-related admissions were 23.7% of total admissions, there was an excess of mortality associated with SH complications (42.9%). Stroke was the commonest, and it accounted for 44.4% of cases. Stroke had the highest mortality (39.3%), followed by chronic kidney disease (36.6%); hypertensive emergencies (30.9%) and hypertensive heart failure had the lowest intrahospital mortality (27.5%). In conclusion, SH-related admissions are common among medical admissions in Bauchi Nigeria and are associated with high mortality. Community interventions that promote early diagnosis and reduction of cardiovascular risk profiles are urgently needed to reduce SH deaths.