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1.
BMC Dermatol ; 20(1): 17, 2020 11 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33203374

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics have been used for decades against Cutibacterium acnes (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes; C. acnes). Alarmingly, antibiotic resistance to this bacterium has become a worldwide problem in recent years. No studies are available on the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of C. acnes among Jordanian acne patients and how that is influenced by antibiotic use. This study aims to assess antibiotic resistance patterns of C. acnes clinical isolates and neighboring Gram-positive normal flora of the skin obtained from acne patients attending dermatology clinics in Amman -Jordan appraising the role of antibiotic consumption. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of acne patients presenting to selected dermatology outpatient clinics over a 6-month study period. Swabs obtained from inflamed lesions were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Isolates were identified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility. In addition, all patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions about the history of antibiotic treatment. RESULTS: C. acnes was isolated from lesions of 100 patients out of 115 participants included in this study. 73% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 59% to clindamycin 37% to doxycycline, 36% to tetracycline, 31% to trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, 15% to levofloxacin, and 3% to minocycline. Multi drug resistance (MDR) in C. acnes isolates as well as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) with a similar pattern of resistance were detected from the same patient in most cases. A pattern of higher resistance towards variable antibiotic was observed in patients previously treated with antibiotics for acne management. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate the distribution of antibiotic resistance of C. acnes towards used antibiotics and emphasizes the influence of antibiotic consumption on development of antibiotic resistance. The similar pattern of resistance between skin bacteria tested in this study highlights the genetic transfer of resistance between skin commensals including S. aureus and S. epidermidis hence promoting its circulation in the community.


Subject(s)
Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Propionibacterium acnes/drug effects , Skin/microbiology , Acne Vulgaris/epidemiology , Acne Vulgaris/microbiology , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Jordan/epidemiology , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Propionibacterium acnes/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Young Adult
2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26688342

ABSTRACT

In this work we provided a selective, sensitive and rapid HPLC-UV method for quantification of sildenafil in human plasma. We have adopted a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure followed a back-extraction in 5% perchloric acid solution. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BDS C-18Column (150mm×4.6mm, 5µm) using a mobile phase consisted 63% water, 37% acetonitrile and 0.1% triethylamine (pH 7.7). The analysis was detected at 230nm. The achieved lower limit of quantification was 2.00ng/ml. The method showed linear calibration curve over the range of 2.00-200ng/ml. Intra- and inter day precision (CV%) were less than 6.80 and 5.19%, respectively. Whilst intra- and inter day accuracy% were ranged between (98.3 and 105%) and (99.4 and 103%), respectively. Tests confirmed the stability of sildenafil in plasma at room temperature for 24h, during three freeze-thaw cycles, after 24h in autosampler at 10°C and after 60 days in plasma at -30°C. The recovery of sildenafil was greater than 78.4%. The described simple UV method achieved very low limit of quantification and by using simple and inexpensive extraction procedure, complete separation was obtained within short run time. Having demonstrated the validity and novelty of our method, thus it is applicable for the clinical and pharmacokinetic studies of sildenafil in human volunteers especially in laboratories in countries where cost of modern techniques and instrumentation is prohibitive.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/blood , Sildenafil Citrate/blood , Humans , Limit of Detection , Liquid-Liquid Extraction/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Ultraviolet Rays
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