ABSTRACT
This article discusses the physiological mechanisms of erection and the pathophysiological basis of erectile dysfunction. Parameters characterizing the features of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs from the group of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) are presented. The clinical efficacy and possible adverse effects of the most significant PDE-5i are considered. These include sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, udenafil, avanafil. There are also data on less known PDE-5i, which include lodenafil and mirodenafil.
Subject(s)
Erectile Dysfunction , Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/adverse effects , Sildenafil Citrate , Tadalafil , Vardenafil DihydrochlorideSubject(s)
Echinococcosis , Kidney Diseases , Prostatic Diseases , Urinary Bladder Diseases , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Echinococcosis/surgery , Female , Humans , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Diseases/diagnosis , Prostatic Diseases/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Diseases/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Diseases/surgery , Urologic Surgical ProceduresSubject(s)
Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney/drug effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Animals , Antidotes , Cats , Glomerulonephritis/chemically induced , Herbicides/toxicity , Hexachlorocyclohexane/toxicity , Humans , Insecticides/toxicity , Nephrotic Syndrome/chemically induced , Organophosphorus Compounds , RabbitsABSTRACT
The paper is concerned with ecological aspects of uronephrology. The epidemiological survey entering 1249 rural citizens revealed that the frequency of infectious inflammatory lesions of the kidneys is higher in subjects exposed to pesticides (7.9-13.4% against 1.5% in the controls). The experiments on 82 rabbits confirmed the relation of the renal infectious inflammation severity and incidence to exposure to chemicals used in agriculture. Basing on the analysis of 301 cases of acute renal infection, the authors came to distinguish 4 forms of the disease: pyelitis, pyelonephritis, nephropyelitis and purulent nephritis. The authors emphasize the urgent need in the regions of active pesticide application of taking prophylactic measures to reduce the contact with the toxic compounds, to actively detect and treat urinary infection including antidotes.