Key Factors Associated with Adherence to Physical Exercise in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Older Adults: An Umbrella Review.

Physical inactivity is a major concern and poor adherence to exercise programs is often reported. The aim of this paper was to systematically review published reviews on the study of adherence to physical exercise in chronic patients and older adults and to identify those adherence-related key factors more frequently suggested by reviews for that population. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results were classified considering the target population and participants' characteristics to identify the most repeated factors obtained for each condition. Fifty-five articles were finally included. Fourteen key factors were identified as relevant to increase adherence to physical exercise by at least ten reviews: (a) characteristics of the exercise program, (b) involvement of professionals from different disciplines, (c) supervision, (d) technology, (e) initial exploration of participant's characteristics, barriers, and facilitators, (f) participants education, adequate expectations and knowledge about risks and benefits, (g) enjoyment and absence of unpleasant experiences, (h) integration in daily living, (i) social support and relatedness, (j) communication and feedback, (k) available progress information and monitoring, (l) self-efficacy and competence, (m) participant's active role and (n) goal setting. Therefore, adherence to physical exercise is affected by several variables that can be controlled and modified by researchers and professionals.

La importancia de la formación del odontólogo para actuar en el rol de perito / The importance of the dentist´s training to perform the forensic expert role

Este artículo está dirigido a aquellos profesionales odontólogos que tengan inquietudes en el aspecto legal de nuestra profesión. El trabajo principal del odontólogo es restaurar la salud bucal y la función de la cavidad oral. Sin embargo, los profesionales dentales también pueden participar en actividades médicas legales como odontólogos forenses o ser testigos expertos para testificar en casos de responsabilidad profesional, accidentes automovilísticos y lesiones relacionadas con el trabajo. Se puede desarrollar esta actividad siendo perito de parte en forma privada o como perito judicial siendo auxiliar de justicia. Para ello es muy importante la capacitación del profesional, que brinda las herramientas para un desempeño ético y competente en la confección de informes periciales, que permiten al juez emitir un dictamen (AU)

This article is aimed to those dental professionals who have concerns about the legal aspect of our profession. The main job of the dentist is to restore oral health and function of the oral cavity. However, dental professionals may also participate in legal medical activities such as forensic dentists or be expert witnesses to testify in cases of professional liability, car accidents, and work-related injuries. You can develop this activity as a Private Auxiliar or as a Judicial Expert as an Assistant to the Justice. Therefore, the training of the professional turns into very important tool, which provides the experience for an ethical and competent performance in the preparation of expert reports, which allow the judge to issue an opinion (AU)

Examining Body Satisfaction and Emotional-Social Intelligence among School Children: Educational Implications.

In childhood, the perception of body image is in the construction phase and emerges linked to the aesthetic ideals of society, which is well differentiated according to gender. In this way, according to people's interpretations of the environment and how to manage it emotionally, greater or lesser body satisfaction may be generated, which could have irreversible consequences for children. Therefore, our interest lies in how body image satisfaction and gender can act as modulating variables of emotional intelligence in childhood, analyzing differences in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, according to the degree of body image satisfaction and the child's gender. A total of 944 Primary Education students selected by multistage cluster sampling, 548 boys and 396 girls aged between 9 and 12 years from different schools in Extremadura (Spain), participated in the research. The study design was descriptive, and questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence, self-perception, and body image satisfaction were used. An analysis of descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test to measure the variance/invariance of the participants' distribution according to their satisfaction with body image and gender, and a MANOVA to determine the possible effects of satisfaction with body image as well as of gender on emotional intelligence were conducted. Regardless of gender, children who were satisfied with their body image showed higher interpersonal intelligence, greater adaptability, and better mood. With respect to gender, girls showed higher stress management than boys. Throughout Compulsory Education, it is necessary to promote campaigns imparted by specialists to prevent body image dissatisfaction, so that the benefits can reach the entire educational community (students, teachers, and parents). In this work, several possibilities are described to meet the demands of contemporary society.

The importance of body satisfaction to physical self-concept and body mass index in Spanish adolescents.

This research examines the association between measured body mass index (BMI) and the perception of BMI by young students. Moreover, this research tests the importance of BMI and self-concept, in order to predict body dissatisfaction in high school students. The sample consisted of 2087 individuals from different high schools in Extremadura, Spain, both males (n = 1046) and females (n = 1041), ranging in age from 15 to 17 years old (M = 15.42; SD = 0.86). Initially, participants' BMIs were assessed through anthropometry. Later, all individuals were asked about their weight and height, and their self-reported BMI was calculated. Participants also answered a questionnaire about their perception of self-concept, as well as completed a test about body image perception using Stunkard images. Outcomes revealed that factors concerning self-concept and perceived BMI explained body dissatisfaction. Finally, results are discussed with the aim of improving knowledge in body dissatisfaction context.

Factors Dancers Associate with their Body Dissatisfaction.

Body dissatisfaction constitutes an important factor in the development of eating pathologies, particularly among dancers. The aim of this research was to test the factors that dancers identified as relevant to their body dissatisfaction using an exploratory mixed method design. Participants were 369 dancers from two Spanish dance conservatories. Questionnaires assessed body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors, and risk factors to eating disorders in the dance domain. Nine factors were found; the "teacher", the "uniform", and the "mirrors" were the most common. Individuals with a greater likelihood of developing an eating disorder identified teachers influence as a key factor in their body dissatisfaction. Specifically, ballet dancers were more likely to indicate that teachers were a negative influence compared to students in other dance genres (contemporary, flamenco, and Spanish dance). Programs to reduce negative body image and improve positive body image in dance conservatories are needed, specifically focusing on teachers.

Factores pronósticos y predictivos en gliomas de alto grado. Experiencia en nuestro centro / Prognostic and predictive factors in high-grade gliomas. Experience at our institution

Objetivo: Describir y analizar los factores predictivos y pronósticos en gliomas de alto grado respecto a supervivencia global (SG) en nuestro centro. Material y método: Desde noviembre drl 2010 hasta agosto del 2014 se incluyó prospectivamente a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de glioma grado III (GIII) o IV (GIV), excepto oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocitomas e infratentoriales. Todos se trataron con cirugía y quimioradioterapia adyuvante. Análisis estadístico mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier considerando significativo un valor de p ?? 0,05. Resultados: Se estudió a 89 pacientes (18 GIII y 71 GIV). Edad media=60 años; el 55% hombres. El Karnofsky medio fue del 80%. La localización más frecuente (38%) fue frontal. El 65% realizó resección parcial. Se administró quimioterapia completa al 74% y radioterapia completa al 83%. La media de SG fue 26,8±8,3 meses en GIII y 12,5±1 mes en GIV; 72 habían fallecido al terminar el estudio. El 40% de los pacientes tenía MGMT-metilada, el 7% IDH1-mutado y el 47% EGFR-amplificado. Las variables estadísticamente significativas para SG fueron: GIII (p=0,020), edad ?? 70 (p=0,040), ?? 65 (p=0,013) y ?? 60 años (p=0,003), Karnofsky ≥ 70% (p=0,029), resección total (p=0,001), radioterapia completa (p=0,000), MGMT-metilada (p=0,042), IDH1-mutado (p=0,007) y EGFR-no amplificado (p=0,034). Los subgrupos GIII y GIV fueron analizados de manera independiente. En el GIII, el único biomarcador significativo para la SG fue IDH1-mutado y en el GIV la MGMT-metilada (p=0,023). La edad ≥ 70 años es significativa en el GIII (p=0,040) pero no para el GIV (p=0,166). Conclusiones: Los datos están en la línea de estudios anteriores, salvo la edad, que parece no decisiva en el GIV

Objective: To describe and analyse predictive and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in high-grade gliomas at our institution. Material and method: All patients diagnosed with grade III (GIII) or grade IV (GIV) gliomas (excluding oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas or infratentorial gliomas) were prospectively included from November 2010 to August 2014. All were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the statistical analysis, considering a P value ??.05 to be significant. Results: 89 patients were studied (18 GIII and 71 GIV). The average age was 60 years and 55% were men. The mean Karnofsky score was 80%. The most common location was the frontal lobe (38%). A total of 65% were partial resections. Complete chemotherapy was administered to 74% and complete RT to 83% of patients. Mean OS was 26.8±8.3 months for GIII and 12.5±1 month for GIV. 72 had died by the end of this study. A total of 40% of patients had MGMT methylation, 7% IDH1 mutation and 47% EGFR amplification. Statistically significant variables for OS were: GIII (P=.020), age ??70 years (P=.040), ??65 years (P=.013) and ??60 years (P=.003), Karnofsky ≥70% (P=.029), complete radiotherapy (P=.000), complete resection (P=.001), MGMT methylation (P=.042), IDH1 mutation (P=.007) and EGFR non-amplification (P=.034). Additionally, GIII and GIV subgroups were independently analysed. In GIII, the only significant biomarker for OS was IDH1 mutation, while in GIV, MGMT methylation (P=.023) was significant. Age ≥70 years old was a significant factor in the GIII-subgroup (P=.040) but not for GIV (P=.166). Conclusions: Data are in line with previous studies, with the exception of age, which does not appear to be significant in GIV

[Prognostic and predictive factors in high-grade gliomas. Experience at our institution]. / Factores pronósticos y predictivos en gliomas de alto grado. Experiencia en nuestro centro.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse predictive and prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in high-grade gliomas at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHOD: All patients diagnosed with grade iii (GIII) or grade iv (GIV) gliomas (excluding oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas or infratentorial gliomas) were prospectively included from November 2010 to August 2014. All were treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the statistical analysis, considering a P value ˂.05 to be significant. RESULTS: 89 patients were studied (18 GIII and 71 GIV). The average age was 60 years and 55% were men. The mean Karnofsky score was 80%. The most common location was the frontal lobe (38%). A total of 65% were partial resections. Complete chemotherapy was administered to 74% and complete RT to 83% of patients. Mean OS was 26.8±8.3 months for GIII and 12.5±1 month for GIV. 72 had died by the end of this study. A total of 40% of patients had MGMT methylation, 7% IDH1 mutation and 47% EGFR amplification. Statistically significant variables for OS were: GIII (P=.020), age ˂70 years (P=.040), ˂65 years (P=.013) and ˂60 years (P=.003), Karnofsky ≥70% (P=.029), complete radiotherapy (P=.000), complete resection (P=.001), MGMT methylation (P=.042), IDH1 mutation (P=.007) and EGFR non-amplification (P=.034). Additionally, GIII and GIV subgroups were independently analysed. In GIII, the only significant biomarker for OS was IDH1 mutation, while in GIV, MGMT methylation (P=.023) was significant. Age ≥70 years old was a significant factor in the GIII-subgroup (P=.040) but not for GIV (P=.166). CONCLUSIONS: Data are in line with previous studies, with the exception of age, which does not appear to be significant in GIV.

Self-Concept in Childhood: The Role of Body Image and Sport Practice.

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in satisfaction with body image depending on whether the subject practices organized sport or not, as well as the gender of the children. In addition, the study aims to examine the role of body image and the practice of organized sport on the process of building the academic, social, emotional, family and physical dimensions of self-concept in childhood. To do so, a sample of 944 pupils was used. These children were attending primary school in different centers of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain) and were between 9 and 12 years of age. The main results of the study show that three out of every four children participating in this study were not satisfied with their figure and one out of every five was very dissatisfied. The satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the figure was similar in boys and girls, although it could be appreciated that the ideal body image is partly conditioned by gender stereotypes. The children most satisfied with their body image had a greater academic and physical self-concept. The children that practiced organized sports had a greater physical and emotional self-concept. The children most dissatisfied with their body image and practiced organized sports had a lower family self-concept. All these findings are discussed with reference to previous research literature.

Atomic layer deposition of Pd and Pt nanoparticles for catalysis: on the mechanisms of nanoparticle formation.

The deposition of Pd and Pt nanoparticles by atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been studied extensively in recent years for the synthesis of nanoparticles for catalysis. For these applications, it is essential to synthesize nanoparticles with well-defined sizes and a high density on large-surface-area supports. Although the potential of ALD for synthesizing active nanocatalysts for various chemical reactions has been demonstrated, insight into how to control the nanoparticle properties (i.e. size, composition) by choosing suitable processing conditions is lacking. Furthermore, there is little understanding of the reaction mechanisms during the nucleation stage of metal ALD. In this work, nanoparticles synthesized with four different ALD processes (two for Pd and two for Pt) were extensively studied by transmission electron spectroscopy. Using these datasets as a starting point, the growth characteristics and reaction mechanisms of Pd and Pt ALD relevant for the synthesis of nanoparticles are discussed. The results reveal that ALD allows for the preparation of particles with control of the particle size, although it is also shown that the particle size distribution is strongly dependent on the processing conditions. Moreover, this paper discusses the opportunities and limitations of the use of ALD in the synthesis of nanocatalysts.

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para valorar la motivación en el contexto deportivo / Adaptação e validação de um questionário para avaliar a motivação no contexto desportivo / Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire to assess motivation in the sport context

El objetivo de este estudio era adaptar y validar al contexto deportivo el Cuestionario de Motivación en Educación Física (CMEF), basado en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan y Deci, 2000) y desarrollado originalmente en el ámbito educativo, para tratar de analizar la motivación intrínseca, identificada, introyectada, externa y desmotivación de los adolescentes. Para ello, participaron un total de 985 deportistas con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 16 años (M = 14.34; DT = 2.52), de género masculino y femenino pertenecientes a 24 modalidades deportivas diferentes. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la escala con cinco factores correlacionados presentaba una adecuada validez factorial a partir de los índices de ajuste obtenidos, registró relaciones positivas entre los motivos de práctica más autodeterminados y relaciones negativas con la desmotivación, que oscilaron de entre -,21 a ,74. Además, se obtuvieron valores aceptables de consistencia interna (Ω > .70) y resultó invariante en función del género, considerando las mínimas modificaciones sufridas en ∆CFI. Asimismo, la validez discriminante de los factores resultó satisfactoria. Por tanto, este estudio aporta una nueva herramienta que permite analizar los tipos de regulación motivacional que impulsan a los adolescentes a realizar una práctica deportiva (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo era adaptar e validar no contexto desportivo o Questionário de Motivação em Educação Física (CMEF), com base na Teoria da Autodeterminação (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) e desenvolvido originalmente para ser utilizado no âmbito educativo, para analisar a motivação intrínseca, identificada, introjetada, externa e amotivação de adolescentes. Para ele, participaram um total de 985 desportistas com idades compreendidas entre 10 e 16 anos (M = 14.34; DP = 2.52), do género masculino e feminino pertencentes a 24 diferentes modalidades desportivas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a escala com cinco factores correlacionados apresentava uma adequada validez factorial a partir dos índices de ajuste obtidos, com relações positivas entre razões de práticas mais auto-determinada e relações negativas com amotivação, que vão desde - ,21 a ,74. Além disso, valores de consistência interna aceitáveis (Ω > .70) foram obtidos e provou gênero invariável, tendo em conta as mínimas modificações sofridas no Confirmatory Fit Index (∆CFI). Asi mismo, validade discriminante dos fatores foi satisfatória. Portanto o estudo contribuiu para uma nova ferramenta que permite analisar os tipos de regulação motivacional que impulsam os adolescentes a realizar uma prática desportiva. Palavras chave: Adolescentes, autodeterminação, desporto, escala (AU)

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate into the sport context the Motivational Questionnaire in Physical Education (CMEF), based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and developed to be used in the educative domain, to assess the intrinsic motivation, identified, introyected, external and amotivation. Thus, 985 athletes, ranging in age from 10 to 16 years old (M = 14.34; SD = 2.52), both male and female belonged to 24 different sport modalities, participated in the study. Results showed that the scale with five factors correlated had an adequate factorial validity through the fit index, with positive relationships between types of motivation more self-determined and negative relations with the amotivation, ranging from - ,21 to ,74. In addition, acceptable internal consistency values (Ω > .70) were obtained and an invariance analysis taking into account the minimum modifications obtained in ∆CFI was conducted. Besides, the discriminant validity of the factors was satisfactory. Therefore, this research provides a new instrument that allows examining the types of motivational regulation that the adolescents have to participate in sport (AU)