Prevalence of diabetic foot amongst adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for diabetic foot (DF) amongst patients with diabetes Mellites (DM) in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State), Sudan. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study between May and August 2018. DM patients were examined for DF, and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 2048 DM patients were enrolled in the study. Their median (interquartile range) age was 58 (15) years. Over half (54.2%) of the patients were female. The median (interquartile range) of the duration of diabetes was 5 (6) years. In this sample, 70.1% of the patients had type 2 DM and 47.6% had hypertension as well. Of all enrolled patients, 21.2% had normal weight, 1.2% were underweight, 37.2% were overweight and 40.4% were obese. Two hundred and sixty (12.7%) patients had DF. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.24] and duration of DM (AOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14) were positively associated with DF. Moreover, type 2 DM (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17-2.68), family history of DM (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.07-2.09), hypertension (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 2.07-4.16) and obesity (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.70-4.81) were associated with DF. There was no significant association between DF and gender or overweight status. CONCLUSION: This study found a high prevalence of DF. Older age, type 2 DM, duration of DM, family history of DM and hypertension are associated with DF.

Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co-existence of both conditions accelerates the related complications and increases morbidities and mortalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State) in Sudan between May and August 2018 to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among patients with DM in that region. RESULTS: The median (interquartile) age of the 1,973 enrolled patients was 58.0 (50.0‒65.0) years, and 818 (45.6%) were males. The median (interquartile) duration of diabetes was 5.0 (3.0‒9.0) years. Of the 1,973 enrolled participants, 21.7%, 1.3%, 37.1%, and 39.9% were normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. Of 1,973 854 (47.6%) patients also had hypertension. Logistic regression analyses showed that elderly patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.03, 95%; confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.04), males (AOR = 2.96, 95%; CI = 2.15‒4.07), employed patients (AOR = 1.92, 95%; CI = 1.38‒2.70), obese patients (AOR = 1.59, 95%; CI = 1.21‒2.08), and patients with diabetic foot (DF) (AOR = 2.45, 95%; CI = 1.72‒3.47) were at higher risk for hypertension. Conversely, patients with Type 2 DM (T2DM) (AOR = 0.63, 95%; CI = 0.50‒0.80) were at lower risk for hypertension. There was no significant association between overweight, uncontrolled DM, and hypertension. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of hypertension among patients with DM. Notably, older age, male gender, employment, duration of DM, DF, underweight, and obesity were significant predictors of hypertension among patients with DM.