Elevated water temperature increases the levels of reo-like virus and selected innate immunity genes in hemocytes and hepatopancreas of adult female blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.

Seasonal changes in water temperature directly affect the aquatic ecosystem. The blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, inhabiting the Chesapeake Bay has been adapted to seasonal changes of the environmental conditions. In this, the animals halt their physiological process of the growth and reproduction during colder months while they resume these processes as water temperatures increase. We aimed to understand the effect of the elevated temperatures on a disease progression of reo-like virus (CsRLV) and innate immunity of adult female C. sapidus. Following a rise in water temperature from 10 to 23 °C, CsRLV levels in infected crabs rose significantly in hemocytes and multiple organs. However, in hemocytes, the elevated temperature had no effect on the levels of three innate immune genes: Cas-ecCuZnSOD-2, CasPPO and CasLpR three carbohydrate metabolic genes: CasTPS, CasGlyP; and CasTreh and the total hemocyte counts (THC). Interestingly, the hemocytes of CsRLV infected animals exposed to 23 °C for 10 days had significantly elevated levels of Cas-ecCuZnSOD-2 and CasTPS, compared to those of the uninfected ones also exposed to the same condition and compared to hatchery-raised females kept at 23 °C. Despite the lack of changes in THC, the types of hemocytes from the animals with high CsRLV levels differed from those of uninfected ones and from hatchery animals kept at 23 °C: CsRLV-infected crabs had hemocytes of smaller size with less cytosolic complexity than uninfected crabs. It therefore appears that the change in temperature influences rapid replication of CsRLV in all internal tissues examined. This implies that CsRLV may have broad tissue tropism. Interestingly, the digestive tract (mid- and hindgut) contains significantly higher levels of CsRLV than hemocytes while hepatopancreas and ovary have lower levels than hemocytes. Innate immune responses differ by tissue: midgut and hepatopancreas with upregulated Cas-ecCuZnSOD-2 similar to that found in hemocytes. By contrast, hepatopancreas showed a down-regulated CasTPS, suggesting carbohydrate stress during infection.

Quantum critical scaling in the single-particle spectrum of a novel anisotropic metal.

We report an angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of quantum critical scaling in the single-particle spectral function of a novel anisotropic metal Li_{0.9}Mo_{6}O_{17}. We find a temperature (T) scaling exponent value and also low-T angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy line shapes that are very challenging for current one-dimensional theory frameworks. These results add a new spectroscopic component to a growing collection of puzzling low-T transport behaviors of this material.

Biodegradation of paper waste under controlled composting conditions.

The presence of paper in municipal solid waste (MSW) interferes with the efficiency of composting plants. The compost feedstock to these plants is between 12% and 27% paper on a dry weight basis, with an initial C:N ratio ranging from 32:1 to 57:1. Tests of the last aerobic biodegradability (LAB) of the type of paper present in paper and cardboard packaging were carried out, following UNE-EN 14046 standards. The results obtained, measured through the quantity of CO(2) generated over 45 days, compared with the maximum that could be produced (ThCO(2)), showed that the presence of paper retards, to a great degree, the biodegradation of organic material in general. Specifically, the presence of papers with a degradation D (%) >60% at 45 days (white (W) and recycled paper (R)) could be allowed, but always in proportions that did not exceed 27% in dry weight. These results can be achieved with an industrial level process, pre-treated by trituration.

Optimizing the collection of used paper from small businesses through GIS techniques: the Leganés case (Madrid, Spain).

This article deals with a methodology for the design of routes for the "bin to bin" (BTB) collection of paper and cardboard waste (PCB) from small businesses, as well as with the new location and calculation of the number of containers needed in the streets for both commercial and non-commercial use due to the large amount of PCB deposited in them. This study was carried out in five shopping areas of the city of Leganés (Community of Madrid, Spain). One of the characteristics of the area is a high density of population and urban traffic. The tool used is the Geographical Information System (GIS-Arc-View). With it we can generate PCB points of high population density in commercial streets based on territorial analysis. We placed the special routes and the new container locations within a distance of 60 m of these collection points (CPT). The system calculates and optimizes six routes according to different urban restrictions. Finally, we provided service to 59% of the shops, which generate almost 82% of the PCB waste, using 160 min per day to collect 1027 kg of high quality PCB. If we compare the system with the system in place previously, we can conclude that the "bin to bin" (BTB) system improves the quality of the PCB in the containers, avoiding overflow and reducing the percentage of rejected material.

Superconductivity and magnetic order in CeRhIn5: spectra of coexistence.

We discuss the fixed-point Hamiltonian and the spectrum of excitations of a quasi-bidimensional electronic system supporting simultaneously antiferromagnetic ordering and superconductivity. The coexistence of these two order parameters in a single phase is possible because the magnetic order is linked to the formation of a metallic spin density wave, and its order parameter is not associated to a spectral gap but to an energy shift of the paramagnetic bands. This peculiarity entails several distinct features in the phase diagram and the spectral properties of the model, which may have been observed in CeRhIn5. Apart from the coexistence, we find an abrupt suppression of the spin density wave when the superconducting and magnetic ordering temperatures are equal. The divergence of the cyclotron mass extracted from de Haas-van Alphen experiments is also analyzed in the same framework.

New Luttinger-liquid physics from photoemission on Li0.9M06O17.

Temperature dependent high resolution photoemission spectra of quasi-one-dimensional Li(0.9)Mo(6)O(17)evince a strong renormalization of its Luttinger-liquid density-of-states anomalous exponent. We trace this new effect to interacting charge neutral critical modes that emerge naturally from the two-band nature of the material. Li(0.9)Mo(6)O(17) is shown thereby to be a paradigm material that is capable of revealing new Luttinger physics.

Dilution-controlled quantum criticality in rare-earth nickelates.

A microscopic model for the diluted spin-mixed compounds (RxY1-x)2BaNiO5 (R=magnetic rare earth) is studied using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ordering temperature is shown to be a universal function of the impurity concentration x and the intrinsic Ni-chain correlation length. An effective model for the critical modes is derived. The possibility of a quantum critical point driven by the rare-earth concentration and the existence of a quantum Griffiths phase in the high dilution limit is investigated. Several possible experimental approaches to verify the results are put forward.

Insulating, superconducting, and large-compressibility phases in nanotube ropes.

The superconducting properties of carbon nanotube ropes are studied using a new computational framework that incorporates the renormalization of intratube interactions and the effect of intertube Coulomb screening. This method allows one to study both the limits of thin and thick ropes ranging from purely one-dimensional physics to the setting of 3D Cooper-pair coherence, providing good estimates of the critical temperature as a function of the rope physical parameters. We discuss the connection of our results with recent experiments.

Anomalous thermal conductivity of frustrated heisenberg spin chains and ladders.

We study the thermal transport properties of several quantum-spin chains and ladders. We find indications for a diverging thermal conductivity at finite temperatures for the models examined. The temperature at which the nondiverging prefactor kappa((th))(T) peaks is, in general, substantially lower than the temperature at which the corresponding specific heat c(V)(T) is maximal. We show that this result of the microscopic approach leads to a substantial reduction for estimates of the magnetic mean-free path lambda extracted by analyzing recent experiments, as compared to similar analyses by phenomenological theories.

Low-temperature transport in Heisenberg chains.

A technique to determine accurately transport properties of integrable and nonintegrable quantum-spin chains at finite temperatures by quantum Monte Carlo is presented. The reduction of the Drude weight by interactions in the integrable gapless regime is evaluated. Evidence for the absence of Drude weight in the gapless regime of a nonintegrable system with longer-ranged interactions is presented. We estimate the effect of the nonintegrability on the transport properties and compare with recent experiments on one-dimensional quantum-spin chains.

Modeling the electronic behavior of gamma-LiV2O5: a microscopic study.

We determine the electronic structure of the one-dimensional spin- 1 / 2 Heisenberg compound gamma-LiV2O5, which has two inequivalent vanadium ions, V(1) and V(2), via density-functional calculations. We find a relative V(1)-V(2) charge ordering of roughly 70:30. We discuss the influence of the charge ordering on the electronic structure and the magnetic behavior. We give estimates of the basic hopping matrix elements and compare with the most studied (alpha)'-NaV2O5.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of haloperidol decanoate]. / Evaluación de la eficacia del haloperidol decanoato.

A study was performed to establish the efficacy of haloperidol decanoate used as a drug to replace other neuroleptics, previously applied orally and daily to hospitalized chronic psychotic patients, clinically stabilized. For this study, 30 patients received one injection of this preparation every 4 weeks, during 4 months. After reviewing the results, it is concluded that this drug is very useful in these patients.

Evaluación de la eficacia del haloperidol decanoato. / [Evaluation of the efficacy of haloperidol decanoate]

A study was performed to establish the efficacy of haloperidol decanoate used as a drug to replace other neuroleptics, previously applied orally and daily to hospitalized chronic psychotic patients, clinically stabilized. For this study, 30 patients received one injection of this preparation every 4 weeks, during 4 months. After reviewing the results, it is concluded that this drug is very useful in these patients.